Bile tract cancer

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The incidence of biliary tract cancers (BTC) appears to be increasing worldwide. We analyzed the characteristics of BTC-related hospitalizations under medical services across 28 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: This study uses data collected by GEMINI, a hospital research data network. BTC-related hospitalizations from 2015 to 2021 under the Department of Medicine or intensive care unit were captured using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancers...

BACKGROUND: There are two sub-phenotypes of large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): isolated intrahepatic PSC (IIPSC) and extrahepatic disease with or without intrahepatic (extra/intrahepatic). AIMS: This study examined the differences in outcomes in patients with IIPSC compared to extra/intrahepatic and small-duct PSC. METHODS: Patients with PSC treated at our institution from 1998 to 2019 were investigated. Biochemistries, clinical events, and survival were assessed by chart review and National Death Index...

Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease. Toxocaris canis adults live and reproduce in the intestinal tract of dogs and other canine hosts, and the infectious eggs are continuously excreted in feces, which causes environmental contamination and has an important public health significance. In this study, TMT proteomic and untargeted metabolomic methods were used to explore the physiological and pathological effects on the intestinal tract of dogs which infected with T. canis, and a series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs)...

This paper provides insights into the conventional understanding of biliary tract malignancies, with a specific focus on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We then delve into the groundbreaking ideas presented by Dr. James Cleary. CCA, originating from biliary tree cells, manifests diverse subtypes contingent upon anatomical localization and differentiation status. These variants exhibit discrete genetic aberrations, yielding disparate clinical phenotypes and therapeutic modalities. Intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCAs intricately involve distinct segments of the biliary tree, further categorized as well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas based on their histological differentiation...

BACKGROUND: BRAF V600 mutations are common in melanoma, thyroid, and non-small-cell lung cancers. Despite dabrafenib and trametinib being standard treatments for certain cancers, their efficacy across various solid tumours remains unelucidated. The BELIEVE trial assessed the efficacy of dabrafenib and trametinib in solid tumours with BRAF V600E/R or non-V600 BRAF mutations. METHODS: Between October 1, 2019, and June 2022, at least 50 patients with measurable and seven without measurable diseases examined were enrolled in a subcohort of the BELIEVE trial (NCCH1901, jRCTs031190104)...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world today, and studies have shown that the ratio of Candida to Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased, and the abundance of S. cerevisiae in the intestines of patients with colorectal cancer decreased, which suggests that there is an imbalance in the proportion of fungi in the intestines of patients with colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to screen S. cerevisiae isolate from traditional Chinese fermentation starters and assess its ability to ameliorate dysbiosis and to alleviate the carcinogenic process of azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer in mice model...

BACKGROUND: Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer. AIM: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023. Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging...

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection. Currently, there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer. As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients, we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neoadjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period...

INTRODUCTION: About 90% of cholangiocarcinomas are adenocarcinomas with glandular or tubular structures lined by epithelial cells, with no bile production and with a variable degree of differentiation, arising in the background of desmoplastic stroma. The remaining 10% is represented by rarer histological variants of which there is little knowledge regarding the biological behavior, molecular characterization, and sensitivity to the various possible therapies, including molecular-based treatments...

Hepatobiliary system cancers have demonstrated an increasing incidence rate in the past years. Without the presence of early symptoms, the majority of such cancers manifest with a set of similar symptoms, such as cholestasis resulting in posthepatic icterus. Differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary cancers is required for the therapy selection, however, the similarity of the symptoms complicates diagnostics. Thus, the search for molecular markers is of high interest for such patients. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a poor prognosis due to a low resectability rate, which occurs because this disease is frequently beyond the limits of surgical therapy at the time of diagnosis...

A 73-year-old, male patient presented with the chief complaint of epigastric pain and received the diagnosis of extensive cholangiocarcinoma after a close examination. Extensive extension of the malignancy into the right and left hepatic ducts precluded a curative resection, and the patient received GC therapy. After 11 courses of GC over about 1 year, no new lesions or tumor progression was observed, and a bile duct mapping biopsy was performed to investigate the possibility of resection conversion. The results showed a marked decrease in atypia, and reactive atypia was diagnosed...

Enteroblastic carcinoma is clinically characterized by an elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and is histologically characterized by cancer cells with a clear cytoplasm and 'blastic' coarse chromatin. It sometimes has an element of hepatoid carcinoma; therefore, these two neoplasms are often regarded as sister entities. Although hepatoid carcinoma in the biliary tree has been reported, enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma is extremely uncommon. In the present study, four cases of enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma were examined...

BACKGROUND: Up to 70% of people diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract or hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers experience substantial reductions in quality of life (QoL), including high distress levels, pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, weight loss and difficulty swallowing. With few advocacy groups and support systems for adults with upper GI or HPB cancers (i.e. pancreas, liver, stomach, bile duct and oesophageal) and their carers, online supportive care programs may represent an alternate cost-effective mechanism to support this patient group and carers...

Herein, we report a case of pancreatic cancer with acute cholangitis secondary to biliary obstruction. Empirical antibiotic therapy did not change the clinical presentation. Blood cultures were sterile; however, bile culture was positive for yeasts. Our laboratory analysis revealed a biliary coinfection by multidrug-resistant C. glabrata and C. albicans. The patient was successfully treated with endoscopic biliary drainage.

INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with S-1 or capecitabine monotherapy is now the standard of care for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) according to the Adjuvant S-1 for Cholangiocarcinoma Trial (ASCOT) and the BILCAP study. Patients selection criteria, especially regarding pT1N0 BTC, differed in both trials. We aimed to clarify the survival outcomes regarding resected pT1N0 BTC without AC. METHODS: Among patients with macroscopically complete resection for BTC treated without AC between September 1992 and December 2020, the survival outcomes of those with pT1N0 BTC, except for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, according to the Union for International Cancer Control 7th and 8th edition (TNM7 and 8), were investigated...

INTRODUCTION: Previously we demonstrated that elevated serum CYFRA 21 - 1 is a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for biliary tract cancers. This study aims to explore the diagnostic performance of bile CYFRA 21 - 1 (bCYFRA 21 - 1) in discriminating malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) caused by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS: 77 CCA patients ((17 intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), 49 perihilar CCA (pCCA) and 11 distal CCA (dCCA)) and 43 benign patients with biliary obstruction were enrolled...

In the setting of pronounced inflammation, changes in the epithelium may overlap with neoplasia, often rendering it impossible to establish a diagnosis with certainty in daily clinical practice. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms driving tissue response during persistent inflammatory signaling along with the potential association with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, extrahepatic bile ducts, and liver. We highlight the histopathological challenges encountered in the diagnosis of chronic inflammation in routine practice and pinpoint tissue-based biomarkers that could complement morphology to differentiate reactive from dysplastic or cancerous lesions...

BACKGROUND: Recent retrospective studies suggest a role for distinct microbiota in the perioperative morbidity and mortality of pancreatic head resections. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to prospectively investigate the microbial colonization of critical operative sites of pancreatic head resections to identify microbial stratification factors for surgical and long-term oncologic outcomes. METHODS: Prospective biomarker study applying 16S rRNA sequencing and microbial culturing to samples collected from various sites of the GI tract and surgical sites of patients during pancreatic head resections at a German single high-volume pancreatic center...

Biliary tract cancers encompass a group of malignancies that affect the bile ducts and gallbladder and are associated with a poor prognosis, often due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. The incidence of biliary tract cancer has been increasing gradually, underscoring the need for a better understanding of its pathogenesis and potential risk factors. Research suggests that biliary tract cancer may develop through a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental factors...

Choledochal cyst is a condition involving an abnormal dilation of the bile ducts, which can lead to various symptoms and comorbidities, including cancer. The treatment of choice for choledochal cyst is surgical correction including choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-y hepaticoenterostomy. Minimal invasive methods like laparoscopic methods or robotic methods are used for surgical correction of choledochal cysts; however, it is still controversial which method is superior. A Korean company, LIVESMED, developed Artisential® , a laparoscopic surgical instrument that can overcome the drawbacks of laparoscopic methods...