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https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535621/emerging-trends-in-pathophysiology-insights-from-the-9th-international-congress-of-the-international-society-for-pathophysiology-isp-2023
#21
Anatolii Kubyshkin, Sergey Bolevich, Leonid Churilov, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Evgeniia Kovalenko, Aleksandr Korovin
This article provides a summary of the 9th International Congress of the International Society for Pathophysiology (ISP 2023) which took place in Belgrade, Serbia, from 4 to 6 July 2023. It describes the main trends and the most promising areas of research in current pathophysiology, including investigations of new pathogenic pathways, and the identification of cellular and molecular mechanisms, target molecules, genetic mechanisms, and new therapeutic strategies. The present article also highlights the research conducted by leading scientific teams and national pathophysiological societies from various countries that adds to our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases and pathological processes...
March 4, 2024: Pathophysiology: the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535620/circadian-rhythms-of-body-temperature-and-locomotor-activity-in-spontaneously-hypertensive-rats-under-frequent-changes-in-light-conditions
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Yu Ryabinina, Anna A Bryk, Mikhail L Blagonravov, Vyacheslav A Goryachev, Andrey A Mozhaev, Vera S Ovechkina
Changes in lighting accompany modern urbanization trends and can lead to various pathologies based on circadian disturbances. In this study, we assessed the changes in the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (Tcore) and locomotor activity of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following exposure to different lighting conditions: extended light phase of the day (16 h-8 h, 20 h-4 h, 24 h-0 h), light pollution, monochromatic light, and bright light therapy. The telemetry data was collected after experimental lighting conditions during periods with standard lighting (12 h of light and 12 h of darkness) and was processed using linear and cosinor analysis...
March 1, 2024: Pathophysiology: the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535619/inhibition-of-mir-33a-5p-in-macrophage-like-cells-in-vitro-promotes-apoai-mediated-cholesterol-efflux
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olanrewaju Oladosu, Emma Chin, Christian Barksdale, Rhonda R Powell, Terri Bruce, Alexis Stamatikos
Atherosclerosis is caused by cholesterol accumulation within arteries. The intima is where atherosclerotic plaque accumulates and where lipid-laden foam cells reside. Intimal foam cells comprise of both monocyte-derived macrophages and macrophage-like cells (MLC) of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) origin. Foam cells can remove cholesterol via apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux and this process is regulated by the transporter ABCA1. The microRNA miR-33a-5p is thought to be atherogenic via silencing ABCA1 which promotes cholesterol retention and data has shown inhibiting miR-33a-5p in macrophages may be atheroprotective via enhancing apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux...
February 28, 2024: Pathophysiology: the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535494/xenobiotics-triggering-acute-intermittent-porphyria-and-their-effect-on-mouse-brain-respiratory-complexes
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna Romina Zuccoli, María Del Carmen Martínez, Pablo Vallecorsa, Ana María Buzaleh
Heme enzyme dysfunction causes a group of diseases called porphyrias. Particularly, a decrease in porphobilinogen deaminase, involved in the third step of heme biosynthesis, leads to acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Considering our previous works demonstrating the multiplicity of brain metabolisms affected by porphyrinogenic agents, this study aimed to elucidate whether they cause any alteration on the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The activities of respiratory chain complexes (I to IV) were measured in encephalon mitochondria of CF1 male mice receiving volatile anesthetics: isoflurane (2 mL/kg) and sevoflurane (1...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Xenobiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535435/disc-degeneration-and-cervical-spine-intervertebral-motion-a-cross-sectional-study-in-patients-with-neck-pain-and-matched-healthy-controls
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Branney, Alexander Breen, Alister du Rose, Philip Mowlem, Alan Breen
While neck pain can be defined in clinical terms, in most cases the underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown. Regional cervical spine range of motion is often found to be reduced in patients with neck pain compared to persons without pain although it is not clear if the decreased range is cause or effect. Less is known about the role of intervertebral kinematics and how that might be related to the presence of disc degeneration. In this study, the prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration and continuous cervical intervertebral motion were both measured utilizing quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) in patients with subacute or chronic neck pain ( n = 29) and gender-matched healthy controls ( n = 30)...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535305/unraveling-metabolic-changes-following-stroke-insights-from-a-urinary-metabolomics-analysis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie N Petersson, Elani A Bykowski, Chelsea Ekstrand, Sean P Dukelow, Chester Ho, Chantel T Debert, Tony Montina, Gerlinde A S Metz
The neuropathological sequelae of stroke and subsequent recovery are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the metabolic dynamics following stroke to advance the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms orchestrating stroke recovery. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-driven metabolomic profiling approach for urine samples obtained from a clinical group, the objective of this research was to (1) identify novel biomarkers indicative of severity and recovery following stroke, and (2) uncover the biochemical pathways underlying repair and functional recovery after stroke...
February 28, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535283/membranes-and-synaptosomes-used-to-investigate-synaptic-gabaergic-currents-in-epileptic-patients
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Gaeta, Lilian Juliana Lissner, Veronica Alfano, Pierangelo Cifelli, Alessandra Morano, Cristina Roseti, Angela Di Iacovo, Eleonora Aronica, Eleonora Palma, Gabriele Ruffolo
Among the most prevalent neurological disorders, epilepsy affects about 1% of the population worldwide. We previously found, using human epileptic tissues, that GABAergic neurotransmission impairment is a key mechanism that drives the pathological phenomena that ultimately lead to generation and recurrence of seizures. Using both a "microtransplantation technique" and synaptosomes preparations from drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsies (TLEs), we used the technique of two-electrode voltage clamp to record GABA-evoked currents, focusing selectively on the synaptic "fast inhibition" mediated by low-affinity GABAA receptors...
March 2, 2024: Membranes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535118/cardiac-allograft-vasculopathy-challenges-and-advances-in-invasive-and-non-invasive-diagnostic-modalities
#28
REVIEW
Moaz A Kamel, Isabel G Scalia, Amro T Badr, Nima Baba Ali, Juan M Farina, Milagros Pereyra, Mohammed Tiseer Abbas, Ahmed K Mahmoud, Robert L Scott, David E Steidley, Julie L Rosenthal, Lisa M Lemond, Kristen A Sell-Dottin, Brian W Hardaway, Timothy Barry, Ming Yang, Chieh-Ju Chao, Clinton E Jokerst, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a distinct form of coronary artery disease that represents a major cause of death beyond the first year after heart transplantation. The pathophysiology of CAV is still not completely elucidated; it involves progressive circumferential wall thickening of both the epicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries. Coronary angiography is still considered the gold-standard test for the diagnosis of CAV, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can detect early intimal thickening with improved sensitivity...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535101/updated-clinical-classification-and-hemodynamic-definitions-of-pulmonary-hypertension-and-its-clinical-implications
#29
REVIEW
Mithum Kularatne, Christian Gerges, Mitja Jevnikar, Marc Humbert, David Montani
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to a pathologic elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in a wide range of medical conditions. These conditions are classified according to similarities in pathophysiology and management in addition to their invasive hemodynamic profiles. The 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension present the newest clinical classification system and includes significant updates to the hemodynamic definitions...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535096/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-nets-and-atherosclerosis-does-hypolipidemic-treatment-have-an-effect
#30
REVIEW
Petros Spyridonas Adamidis, Despoina Pantazi, Iraklis C Moschonas, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Alexandros D Tselepis
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted much attention recently, beyond elemental host immunity, due to their fundamental implication in a variety of pathologic conditions and widespread impactful diseases. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of them, and a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Consequently, years of basic and clinical research were dedicated to shedding light on every possible pathophysiologic mechanism that could be used as an effective prevention and treatment tool to ameliorate its burden...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535064/the-role-of-cardiovascular-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-the-assessment-of-mitral-regurgitation
#31
REVIEW
Ioannis Botis, Maria-Anna Bazmpani, Stylianos Daios, Antonios Ziakas, Vasileios Kamperidis, Theodoros D Karamitsos
Mitral regurgitation (MR), a primary cause of valvular disease in adults, affects millions and is growing due to an ageing population. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as an essential tool, offering insights into valvular and myocardial pathology when compared to the primary imaging modality, echocardiography. This review highlights CMR's superiority in high-resolution volumetric assessment and tissue characterization, including also advanced techniques like late gadolinium enhancement imaging, parametric mapping, feature tracking and 4D flow analysis...
March 19, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534839/use-of-biomaterials-in-3d-printing-as-a-solution-to-microbial-infections-in-arthroplasty-and-osseous-reconstruction
#32
REVIEW
Argyrios Periferakis, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Lamprini Troumpata, Serban Dragosloveanu, Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc, Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Konstantinos Periferakis, Ana Caruntu, Ioana Anca Badarau, Cristian Scheau, Constantin Caruntu
The incidence of microbial infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgeries is a perennial problem that increases morbidity and mortality, representing one of the major complications of such medical interventions. The emergence of novel technologies, especially 3D printing, represents a promising avenue of development for reducing the risk of such eventualities. There are already a host of biomaterials, suitable for 3D printing, that are being tested for antimicrobial properties when they are coated with bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, or combined with hydrogels with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as chitosan and metal nanoparticles, among others...
March 1, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534795/opposite-and-differently-altered-postmortem-changes-in-h3-and-h3k9me3-patterns-in-the-rat-frontal-cortex-and-hippocampus
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Dulka, Noémi Lajkó, Kálmán Nacsa, Karoly Gulya
Temporal and spatial epigenetic modifications in the brain occur during ontogenetic development, pathophysiological disorders, and aging. When epigenetic marks, such as histone methylations, in brain autopsies or biopsy samples are studied, it is critical to understand their postmortem/surgical stability. For this study, the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult rats were removed immediately (controls) or after a postmortem delay of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 min. The patterns of unmodified H3 and its trimethylated form H3K9me3 were analyzed in frozen samples for Western blot analysis and in formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin for confocal microscopy...
March 18, 2024: Epigenomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534766/low-salt-diet-regulates-the-metabolic-and-signal-transduction-genomic-fabrics-and-remodels-the-cardiac-normal-and-chronic-pathological-pathways
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dumitru A Iacobas, Haile Allen, Sanda Iacobas
Low-salt diet (LSD) is a constant recommendation to hypertensive patients, but the genomic mechanisms through which it improves cardiac pathophysiology are still not fully understood. Our publicly accessible transcriptomic dataset of the left ventricle myocardium of adult male mice subjected to prolonged LSD or normal diet was analyzed from the perspective of the Genomic Fabric Paradigm. We found that LSD shifted the metabolic priorities by increasing the transcription control for fatty acids biosynthesis while decreasing it for steroid hormone biosynthesis...
March 12, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534765/antioxidant-glutathione-analogues-upf1-and-upf17-modulate-the-expression-of-enzymes-involved-in-the-pathophysiology-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe, Ursel Soomets, Alan Altraja
Increased oxidative stress (OS) and systemic inflammation are key players in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to clarify the effects of synthetic glutathione (GSH) analogue peptides UPF1 and UPF17 on the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD along with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. UPF1 and UPF17 increased the expression of enzymes involved in the formation of the antioxidant capacity: superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCLC) in patients with AE-COPD and stable COPD, but also in non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers...
March 12, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534729/assessment-of-the-pro-renin-receptor-protein-expression-in-organs
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Teng-Yao Yang, Pey-Jium Chang, Yu-Shien Ko, Siou-Ru Shen, Shun-Fu Chang
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) is an essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as a specific single-pass transmembrane receptor for prorenin and renin and has now emerged as a multifunctional protein implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physio-pathological processes and pathways. The (P)RR may be of pathological significance in metabolic syndrome. The (P)RR has received much consideration; substantial efforts have been made to understand the localization, regulation, and function of the (P)RR at both a molecular and system level...
February 25, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534492/exploring-electrospun-scaffold-innovations-in-cardiovascular-therapy-a-review-of-electrospinning-in-cardiovascular-disease
#37
REVIEW
Mark Broadwin, Frances Imarhia, Amy Oh, Christopher R Stone, Frank W Sellke, Sankha Bhowmick, M Ruhul Abid
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In particular, patients who suffer from ischemic heart disease (IHD) that is not amenable to surgical or percutaneous revascularization techniques have limited treatment options. Furthermore, after revascularization is successfully implemented, there are a number of pathophysiological changes to the myocardium, including but not limited to ischemia-reperfusion injury, necrosis, altered inflammation, tissue remodeling, and dyskinetic wall motion...
February 25, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534437/post-traumatic-trigeminal-neuropathy-neurobiology-and-pathophysiology
#38
REVIEW
Tal Eliav, Rafael Benoliel, Olga A Korczeniewska
Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that may develop following injury to the trigeminal nerve. Etiologies include cranio-orofacial trauma that may result from dental, surgical, or anesthetic procedures or physical trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident. Following nerve injury, there are various mechanisms, including peripheral and central, as well as phenotypic changes and genetic predispositions that may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. In this article, we review current literature pertaining to the cellular processes that occur following traumatic damage to the trigeminal nerve, also called cranial nerve V, that results in chronic neuropathic pain...
March 4, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534435/the-bad-father-paternal-role-in-biology-of-pregnancy-and-in-birth-outcome
#39
REVIEW
Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo, Daniela Marzioni, Giovanni Tossetta, Ramona Montironi, Maria Liberata Meccariello, Andrea Ciavattini
Pregnancy is generally studied as a biological interaction between a mother and a fetus; however, the father, with his characteristics, lifestyle, genetics, and living environment, is by no means unrelated to the outcome of pregnancy. The half of the fetal genetic heritage of paternal derivation can be decisive in cases of inherited chromosomal disorders, and can be the result of de novo genetic alterations. In addition to the strictly pathological aspects, paternal genetics may transmit thrombophilic traits that affect the implantation and vascular construction of the feto-placental unit, lead to placenta-mediated diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation, and contribute to the multifactorial genesis of preterm delivery...
March 3, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534427/epigenetic-alterations-in-alzheimer-s-disease-impact-on-insulin-signaling-and-advanced-drug-delivery-systems
#40
REVIEW
Alosh Greeny, Ayushi Nair, Prashant Sadanandan, Sairaj Satarker, Ademola C Famurewa, Madhavan Nampoothiri
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that predominantly affects the hippocampus and the entorhinal complex, leading to memory lapse and cognitive impairment. This can have a negative impact on an individual's behavior, speech, and ability to navigate their surroundings. AD is one of the principal causes of dementia. One of the most accepted theories in AD, the amyloid β (Aβ) hypothesis, assumes that the buildup of the peptide Aβ is the root cause of AD. Impaired insulin signaling in the periphery and central nervous system has been considered to have an effect on the pathophysiology of AD...
February 28, 2024: Biology
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