Flat feet

BACKGROUND: The intrinsic and extrinsic foot softtissue structures that apply force and support the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) have been implicated in the development of flat feet. However, the relationship between the changes in MLA height under increasing load and the morphological and mechanical properties of individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot soft tissue structures is not fully understood. RESEARCH QUESTION: To examine the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the foot soft tissue structures in flat feet when subjected to loading...

BACKGROUND: Skeletal deformities (SD) in children and adolescents can lead to arthritic conditions, impairment of quality of life, and high treatment costs in the long term. However, comprehensive data on the prevalence of SDs in children and adolescents are limited and it remains therefore unclear whether there is a healthcare gap. "OrthoKids" is a project that addresses this evidence gap by implementing an orthopaedic screening for children and adolescents that supplements existing detection examinations within statutory standard care in Germany...

BACKGROUND: Besides arch-supportive insoles, sensorimotor insoles are used for the treatment of flatfoot in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of both types of insoles on the arch-supporting muscles and clinical aspects in children with flexible flatfoot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 children with flexible flatfoot (mean age of 8.22.7 years) were enrolled. Supportive, sensorimotor, and placebo insoles were compared. Muscle activity was detected by surface electromyography during the midstance phase...

Small obstacles on the ground often lead to a fall when caught with commercial prosthetic feet. Despite some recently developed feet can actively control the ankle angle, for instance over slopes, their flat and rigid sole remains a cause of instability on uneven grounds. Soft robotic feet were recently proposed to tackle that issue; however, they lack consistent experimental validation. Therefore, this paper describes the experimental setup realized to test soft and rigid prosthetic feet with lower-limb prosthetic users...

BACKGROUND: Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency is the commonest cause of adult flexible flatfoot. Transfer of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) has been described a therapeutic arsenal in flexible flat feet and posterior tibial tendon disorders. It is often combined with bony procedure (open or percutaneous calcaneal osteotomy). METHODS: We describe a technique and the steps endoscopic approach of FDL transfer. RESULTS: The procedure is able to be performed safely and reproducible under perfect viewing CONCLUSION: In the future with a clinical study investigating, we purpose the results of such surgery in a cohort of patients with flexible flatfoot...

BACKGROUND: Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy is a surgical technique to correct flexible flat foot deformities in patients who did not show any change in their symptoms after conservative treatment. In this study, the effects of CLO on the kinematic and kinetic changes of gait was analyzed and the clinical and quality of life improvements in children treated by CLO for moderate to severe symptomatic flexible flat foot deformities were assessed. METHODS: Participants were seven adolescents (13 feet) with symptomatic FFF who underwent during 2019-2022 and seven (10 feet) healthy children as control group...

The foot resembles a tripod. The 3 legs consist of (1) the tip of the heel, (2) the first metatarsal, and (3) the fifth metatarsal. This concept is useful to explain cavus or flat feet. When the tips of the tripod move closer, the arch becomes higher. The leg of the tripod that moves the most will determine the type of cavus feet, which can be hindfoot cavus, forefoot cavus, or first metatarsal cavus. Cavovarus foot denotes the presence of a three-dimensional deformity of the foot, but it is much more a descriptive feature than a diagnosis...

PURPOSE: Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the WRN gene, and it is characterized by multiple manifestations corresponding to early-onset aging. This study reports the case of a WS patient with a novel WRN mutation. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 36-year-old male patient with WS was evaluated after approval from the local ethics committee. The clinical and biochemical findings of the patient were described. Peripheral blood sample was collected to extract genomic DNA for WRN gene exome sequencing...

Flat foot is a postural deformity in which the plantar part of the foot is either completely or partially contacted with the ground. In recent clinical practices, X-ray radiographs have been introduced to detect flat feet because they are more affordable to many clinics than using specialized devices. This research aims to develop an automated model that detects flat foot cases and their severity levels from lateral foot X-ray images by measuring three different foot angles: the Arch Angle, Meary's Angle, and the Calcaneal Inclination Angle...

Background: Flat foot deformity is a prevalent and challenging condition often leading to various clinical complications. Accurate identification of abnormal foot types is essential for appropriate interventions. Method: A dataset consisting of 1573 plantar pressure images from 125 individuals was collected. The performance of the You Only Look Once v5 (YOLO-v5) model, improved YOLO-v5 model, and multi-label classification model was evaluated for foot type identification using the collected images. A new dataset was also collected to verify and compare the models...

BACKGROUND: Optimal clinical care, diagnosis and treatment requires accurate blood pressure (BP) values. The primary objective was to compare BP readings taken while adhering to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines to those typical of routine clinical care. Specifically studied: the combined effect of feet flat on the floor, back supported, and arm supported with cuff at heart level, while adhering to other guideline recommendations. METHODS: In this prospective, randomised, three-group cohort study, a modified cross-over design was applied in a primary care outpatient office setting in Columbus (OH, USA)...

Based on the theory of Mie scattering, an optical sensor for a 1.0 cubic feet per minute laser particle counter is developed in this paper. First, an illumination optical path relying on aspherical lens and cylindrical lens for laser shaping was designed, and a narrow optical spot with the illumination in the vertical direction of the photosensitive area approximately distributed as a flat top was obtained. Second, the scattering light path was designed by using the theory of Mie scattering and geometric optics method...

BACKGROUND: Flat feet change lower extremity alignment, and it may change the load distribution on Achilles tendon during exercise. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immediate effect of cumulative transverse strain via resistive ankle plantarflexion exercise on the Achilles tendon in individuals with flat feet. METHODS: Fourteen individuals with flat feet and 14 age-matched individuals with normal foot posture were enrolled in the present study...

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique, analyze possible radiographic correction and evaluate the clinical result of medial and plantar calcaneal displacement osteotomy associated with opening wedge cuboid osteotomy for flexible flatfoot correction. METHODS: 23 patients (30 feet) diagnosed with flexible flat foot treated with plantar and medial calcaneal displacement osteotomy associated with opening wedge cuboid osteotomy were evaluated retrospectively. In the lateral radiographs calcaneal pitch and Meary's angle were the radiographic parameters evaluated; while the talonavicular coverage angle was evaluated in the anteroposterior radiographs...

This study provided a comprehensive updated review of the biological aspects of children foot morphology across different ages, sex, and weight, aiming to reveal the patterns of normal and pathological changes in children feet during growth and development. This review article comprised 25 papers in total that satisfied the screening standards. The aim was to investigate how weight changes, age and sex affect foot type, and gain a deeper understanding of the prevalent foot deformities that occur during children growth...

BACKGROUND: Little evidence has been provided regarding physical performance and flat-footedness in school-age children. Although flat feet may decrease the level of motor performance, findings remain inconsistent. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to determine whether children with flat feet had poorer physical task performance, compared to normal-footed children. METHODS: A total of 208 primary school boys were included in the study (107 normal-footed and 101 flatfooted boys)...

The aim of this project was to indicate the optimal parameters such as frequency, duration of a single vibrotherapy, and body position, which will be used as a form of recovery modality after physical exercise. Sixteen healthy male volunteers were involved in this study. The aerobic and anaerobic capacity of participants was assessed. Each of the subjects performed a set of intensive physical exercises and then underwent vibrotherapy treatment. In random order, each of the men tested the effectiveness of eight of the combinations of frequency, duration, and body position...

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional retrospective study aimed to present the influence of unilateral and bilateral flatfoot on coronal spinopelvic alignment in asymptomatic young healthy males. METHODS: It was carried out by examining the medical reports of individuals who apply to the National Health Board to work in positions requiring physical fitness between January 2018 and January 2019. Plain radiographies of the feet, pelvis, and spine were analyzed. Calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) for flatfoot, pelvic obliquity (PO), and Cobb angle (CA) for spinal asymmetry was measured...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of 3D scanning to obtain the parameters of transverse axis of medial longitudinal arch of foot in the biomechanical evaluation of transverse axis of medial longitudinal arch of foot in children. METHOD: The feet of children with flat foot, normal foot and high arched foot were scanned with the Foot Secret 3D scanner in the sitting and standing positions. The scanning data were imported into CATIA v5 software for measurement, to obtain four parameters of transverse axis of medial longitudinal arch from transverse arch angle, external transverse arch angle, curvature and transverse arch cross-sectional area...