CBCT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinuses (MS) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHOD: A total of 80 CBCT scans were taken from Peruvian patients aged between 20 and 70 years-old. The dimensions (length, width, and height) of the MS were measured and evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The left MS was wider than the right MS...

INTRODUCTION: The management of interforaminal fracture can prove to be challenging because of its unique anatomy and muscular forces. Often, lingual splaying has been found either postoperatively or even during the procedures in such fractures and can be challenging when it comes to managing them. Various modalities such as miniplates, lag screws, and three-dimensional (3D) miniplates have been utilized to manage these fractures. This article compares these three modalities in the management of lingual splaying...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the location and radio morphometric features of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in patients undergoing rehabilitation of posterior maxilla and other sinus augmentation surgical procedures by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 816 CBCT scans were included. Various radio morphometric measurements were done to assess the PSAA location, diameter, and distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest...

Dual-energy cone beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) has been shown to provide more information and improve performance compared to a conventional single energy spectrum CBCT. Here we report a low-cost DE-CBCT by spectral filtration of a carbon nanotube x-ray source array. The x-ray photons from two focal spots were filtered respectively by a low and a high energy filter. Projection images were collected by alternatively activating the two beams while the source array and detector rotated around the object, and were processed by a one-step materials decomposition and reconstruction method...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. However, little evidence is available on the differences between the sub-regions of the upper airway morphology and OSA severity. Since orthodontists frequently perform cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the neck area, we aimed to investigate the relationship and the differences between upper airway morphology and OSA severity using CBCT...

AIM: The accurate reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from sparse projections is one of the most important areas for study. The compressed sensing theory has been widely employed in the sparse reconstruction of CBCT. However, the total variation (TV) approach solely uses information from the i-coordinate, j-coordinate, and k-coordinate gradients to reconstruct the CBCT image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is well recognized that the CBCT image can be reconstructed more accurately with more gradient information from different directions...

OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) represent the main imaging modalities used in rhinosinusitis patients and are also important in odontogenic sinusitis (OS) diagnostics. Reports, however, often lack information on dentition. Here, we aimed to determine how maxillary dentition is initially interpreted in rhinosinusitis patients' CT/CBCT reports and which dental findings in particular are potentially missed, thus needing more attention. STUDY DESIGN: CT/CBCT scans and radiological reports from 300 rhinosinusitis patients were analysed focusing specifically on dental findings...

BACKGROUND: The use of dental implants in the treatment of edentulous patients is increasing. Zirconia implants are an alternative to titanium implants, offering advantages in terms of aesthetics and biological compatibility. However, the number of artifacts observed on radiographic images with zirconia implants compared to titanium implants is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) parameters on the production of artifacts in zirconia and titanium implants...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to establish a weighted comprehensive evaluation model (WCEM) of image registration for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided lung cancer radiotherapy that considers the geometric accuracy of gross target volume (GTV) and organs at risk (OARs), and assess the registration accuracy of different image registration methods to provide clinical references. METHODS: The planning CT and CBCT images of 20 lung cancer patients were registered using diverse algorithms (bony and grayscale) and regions of interest (target, ipsilateral, and body)...

In this study, we aimed to provide guidance for selecting bone grafting materials in cases of alveolar clefts. Twenty-nine patients with unilateral complete alveolar clefts were categorized into three groups based on the bone grafting material used: Group A (iliac bone block grafts), Group B (iliac cancellous bone grafts), and Group C (chin bone block grafts). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were analyzed using Mimics 19.0 software. Results showed that Group A had the highest bone formation rate, with significant differences observed between Groups A and B, as well as between Groups B and C...

BACKGROUND: Recent literature highlights anomalous cranial nerves in the sinonasal region, notably in the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses, linked to anatomical factors. However, data on the suspended infraorbital canal (IOC) variant is scarce in cross-sectional imaging. Anatomical variations in the sphenoid sinuses, including optic, maxillary, and vidian nerves, raise interest among specialists involved in advanced sinonasal procedures. The infraorbital nerve's (ION) course along the orbital floor and its abnormal positioning within the orbital and maxillary sinus region pose risks of iatrogenic complications...

BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) using iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) is best practice for children with complete cleft lip and palate. With the advent of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), excellent results can still be achieved while avoiding donor-site morbidity. This study aims to determine the critical-sized defects by analyzing graft failure rates for ICBG and rhBMP-2/DBM to guide surgeons performing ABG. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted evaluating patients who underwent ABG from 2016-2022...

OBJECTIVES: Bitewing radiography is considered to be of high diagnostic value in caries detection, but owing to projections, lesions may remain undetected. The novel bitewing plus (BW +) technology enables scrolling through radiographs in different directions and angles. The present study aimed at comparing BW + with other 2D and 3D imaging methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and user reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five human cadavers were used in this study...

Energy sensitive and photon counting detectors can provide improved tissue visualization and material quantification capabilities in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) systems. However, their implementation in CBCT systems is more challenging, which is in part due to high fluence of scattered X-rays in wide cone angle CBCT geometry. Specifically, high scatter contamination in lower energy spectrum challenges reconstruction of high fidelity CBCT images by using lower energy X-rays. To address this problem, we investigated a robust scatter rejection with 2D antiscatter grids in a benchtop photon counting and compact CBCT system...

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) software package (Boneview Trauma, Gleamer) for the detection of post-traumatic bone fractures in radiography as a standalone; (b) used by two radiologists (osteoarticular senior and junior); and (c) to determine to whom AI would be most helpful. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 14 days of a trauma, 101 consecutive patients underwent radiographic examination of the upper or lower limbs...

BACKGROUND: Lateral window approach for sinus floor lift is commonly used for vertical bone augmentation in cases when the residual bone height is less than 5 mm. However, managing cases becomes more challenging when a maxillary sinus pseudocyst is present or when there is insufficient bone width. In this case, we utilized the bone window prepared during the lateral window sinus lift as a shell for horizontal bone augmentation. This allowed for simultaneous horizontal and vertical bone augmentation immediately after the removal of the maxillary sinus pseudocyst...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the state-of-the-art evidence for applying low-dose CBCT protocols in 3 stages of implant therapy (planning, insertion, and follow-up examination of peri-implantitis) and assess the overall body of evidence presented in the literature. STUDY DESIGN: The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/Pubmed and Scopus databases. Studies comparing low-dose CBCT protocols to a relevant reference standard in relation to any stage of implant therapy were included...

PURPOSE: This study aims to measure the cortical and cancellous bone thickness in the upper and lower jaws, serving as a data template for developing pre-defined calcium phosphate cement primary implant forms. These measurements are crucial for creating a biphasic scaffold. METHODS: Forty complete jaws were assessed for cortical bone shape and thickness using statistical analysis and specific software tools. Sex and age were considered, and four groups were created...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of two different endodontic guides for fiber post removal. METHODS: In this in vitro study, 54 maxillary canine fiber posts were mounted on 36 maxillary stone casts; 18 teeth were mounted unilaterally, and 36 teeth were mounted bilaterally. Static endodontic guides were fabricated according to baseline cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral optical scans using Blue Sky software. In the single-sleeve endodontic guides group (SSG), two anterior and two posterior teeth were included in a 5-unit guide...

Forensic Facial Approximation (FFA) has evolved, with techniques advancing to refine the intercorrelation between the soft-tissue facial profile and the underlying skull. FFA has become essential for identifying unknown persons in South Africa, where the high number of migrant and illegal labourers and many unidentified remains make the identification process challenging. However, existing FFA methods are based on American or European standards, rendering them inapplicable in a South African context. We addressed this issue by conducting a study to create prediction models based on the relationships between facial morphology and known factors, such as population affinity, sex, and age, in white South African and French samples...