keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490483/zirconium-containing-nanoscale-coordination-polymers-for-positron-emission-tomography-and-fluorescence-guided-cargo-delivery-to-triple-negative-breast-tumors
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan-Ping Li, Zi-Wen Pan, Yan-Jun Jiang, Ya-Yun Peng, Ting Cai, Hao Hong, Xiao-Feng Wang
Nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) is a class of hybrid materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands through coordination. The applications of NCP in biomedicine are quite extensive due to the diversity choice of metal ions and organic ligands. Here we designed Zr-P1 NCP based on Zr4+ selected as metal ion nodes and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) ethylene as bridging ligands. Zr-P1 NCP was modified with functionalized pyrene derived polyethylene glycol (Py-PAA-PEG-Mal) on the surface and further conjugated with cRGD for active targeting of integrin αv β3 overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer...
March 13, 2024: Acta Biomaterialia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489077/critical-examination-of-modeling-approaches-used-in-economic-evaluations-of-first-line-treatments-for-locally-advanced-or-metastatic-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-harboring-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-mutations-a-systematic-literature-review
#22
Angie Raad, Maria Rizzo, Katherine Appiah, Isabella Kearns, Luis Hernandez
BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with up to 32% of patients with NSCLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation has a dedicated treatment pathway, with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy often being the therapy of choice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systemically review and summarize economic models of first-line treatments used for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations, as well as to identify areas for improvement for future models...
March 15, 2024: PharmacoEconomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487937/an-evaluation-of-knowledge-and-perception-of-pharmacology-in-undergraduate-oral-hygiene-students-and-recent-graduates-at-a-single-higher-institution-in-pretoria
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Balmith, W Cordier, A Bhayat, C Basson, M Morule, N Schellack
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacology is an increasingly important area of study for oral hygienists, as it provides the scientific basis for safe and effective oral healthcare. However, a lack of fundamental understanding of the discipline among clinical graduates can present significant challenges. Oral hygienists require pharmacological training to meet the requirements of their scope of practice. Pharmacology knowledge assists with the diagnosis and treatment of oral conditions and forms the foundation for further clinical competency development...
March 15, 2024: International Journal of Dental Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487641/acute-myocardial-infarction-in-an-untreated-patient-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia
#24
Doreen Kamoga, Sai Desikan, Raman Desikan, Jackson Musuuza
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Acute leukemia, particularly AML, is closely associated with thrombotic events, driven by complex factors like coagulation system changes, endothelial dysfunction, and leukemic cell interactions with the vascular system. Certain chemotherapy drugs can exacerbate the prothrombotic state. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective thromboprophylaxis in carefully selected patients with leukemia. ABSTRACT: Thrombosis is a significant complication of acute leukemia...
March 2024: Clinical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485485/cross-sectional-analysis-of-use-of-real-world-data-in-single-technology-appraisals-of-oncological-medicine-by-the-national-institute-for-health-and-care-excellence-in-2011-2021
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiyeon Kang, John Cairns
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify how real-world data (RWD) have been used in single technology appraisals (STAs) of cancer drugs by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of NICE technology appraisals of cancer drugs for which guidance was issued between January 2011 and December 2021 (n=229). The appraisals were reviewed following a published protocol to extract the data about the use of RWD. The use of RWD was analysed by reviewing the specific ways in which RWD were used and by identifying different patterns of use...
March 14, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484190/cost-effectiveness-of-lecanemab-for-individuals-with-early-stage-alzheimer-disease
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai V Nguyen, Shweta Mital, David S Knopman, G Caleb Alexander
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known regarding the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab (Leqembi), a monoclonal antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2023 for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab and how it varies based on the accuracy of AD testing and individuals' APOE ε4 status. METHODS: Seven alternative test-treat-target strategies defined by combinations of testing approaches (PET, CSF, or plasma assay), treatment choices (standard of care [SoC] alone or lecanemab in addition to SoC), and targeting strategies (targeting APOE ε4 noncarriers or heterozygous patients or not) were compared...
April 9, 2024: Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483631/taking-the-knife-to-neurodegeneration-a-review-of-surgical-gene-therapy-delivery-to-the-cns
#27
REVIEW
Andrea Perera, Olivier Brock, Aminul Ahmed, Chris Shaw, Keyoumars Ashkan
Gene supplementation and editing for neurodegenerative disorders has emerged in recent years as the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying several neurodegenerative disorders increases. The most common medium to deliver genetic material to cells is via viral vectors; and with respect to the central nervous system, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are a popular choice. The most successful example of AAV-based gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is Zolgensma© which is a transformative intravenous therapy given to babies with spinal muscular atrophy...
March 14, 2024: Acta Neurochirurgica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483145/an-optimized-short-term-steroid-therapy-for-chronic-drug-induced-liver-injury-a-prospective-randomized-clinical-trial
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ang Huang, Yun Zhu, Shuhong Liu, Ying Sun, Zherui Liu, Qing-Sheng Liang, Jun Zhao, Bin-Xia Chang, Jing-Feng Bi, Jiang-Tao Liu, Xing-Ran Zhai, Huan Xie, Ning Li, Hui Tian, Lin Han, Yingjie Zhuang, Hongbin Ma, Guang-Ju Teng, Wei Zhang, Guruprasad P Aithal, Dong Ji, Jingmin Zhao, Zhengsheng Zou
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The use of corticosteroids in chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important issue. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that patients with chronic DILI benefited from a 48-week steroid stepwise reduction (SSR) regimen. However, it remains unclear whether a shorter course of therapy can achieve similar efficacy. In this study, we aimed to assess whether a 36-week SSR can achieve efficacy similar to that of 48-week SSR. METHODS: A randomized open-label trial was performed...
March 14, 2024: Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483080/exploring-variations-in-recommended-first-choice-therapy-for-complicated-urinary-tract-infections-in-males-insights-from-outpatient-settings-across-age-race-and-ethnicity
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathryn Sine, Thomas Lavoie, Aisling R Caffrey, Vrishali V Lopes, David Dosa, Kerry L LaPlante, Haley J Appaneal
INTRODUCTION: There are known disparities in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, disparities in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are largely uninvestigated. OBJECTIVES: We characterized UTI treatment among males in Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient settings by age, race, and ethnicity and identified demographic characteristics predictive of recommended first-choice antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We conducted a national, retrospective cohort study of male VA patients diagnosed with a UTI and dispensed an outpatient antibiotic from January 2010 through December 2020...
March 14, 2024: Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482760/-difficult-to-treat-rheumatoid-arthritis
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fahad Jamal Alromaih, Alexandre Dumusc
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis and has benefited from significant advances in its management in the past years. However, specific challenges persist, including the management of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid (D2TRA), which is defined by the failure of at least two biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs with a different mechanism of action. D2TRA reported prevalence is from 5 to 20 %. EULAR (European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) proposed a step-by-step approach for managing D2TRA, starting with confirmation of diagnosis, assessment of inflammatory activity, immunosuppressive treatment choice and non-pharmacological treatment...
March 13, 2024: Revue Médicale Suisse
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482675/trop-2-nectin-4-and-predictive-biomarkers-in-sarcomatoid-and-rhabdoid-bladder-urothelial-carcinoma
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matteo Brunelli, Stefano Gobbo, Giorgio Malpeli, Grazia Sirgiovanni, Claudia Caserta, Enrico Munari, Simona Francesconi, Anna Caliò, Guido Martignoni, Alessia Cimadamore, Alessandro Veccia, Alessandro Antonelli, Marcello Tucci, Francesco Pierconti, Isabelle Malak Hattab, Albino Eccher, Stefano Ascani, Michele Milella, Lucio Buffoni, Liang Cheng, Sergio Bracarda
INTRODUCTION: The surface protein TROP-2/TACSTD2 and the cell adhesion protein NECTIN-4/NECTIN4 are responsible for the efficacy of anticancer therapies based on antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) targeting intracellular microtubules. In contrast with common histologic subtypes of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC), little is known of TROP-2 and NECTIN-4 expression in sarcomatoid and rhabdoid BUC. AIMS: In this study, we aimed to analyze TROP-2 and NECTIN-4 expression and additional predictive biomarkers by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on 35 undifferentiated BUC (28 sarcomatoid and 7 rhabdoid)...
February 2024: Pathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482560/synergistic-effects-of-epoxyazadiradione-ead-and-paclitaxel-against-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cells
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kunnathully Sudhan Sijisha, Rajitha Anusha, Sulochana Priya
BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and chemo-resistant form of breast cancer subtype, and chemotherapy is a vital treatment option for that. Paclitaxel is an effective chemo drug for TNBC. However, in clinical settings, paclitaxel has adverse side effects. The synergistic combination is the most promising method for overcoming undesirable toxicity and achieving a beneficial therapeutic outcome. Previous reports, including our study, showed certain anticancer potential of epoxyazadiradione (EAD), the neem limonoid, in different types of cancer cells, including TNBC...
March 14, 2024: Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481690/phage-display-identified-novel-leydig-cell-homing-peptides-for-testicular-targeting
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yugandhara Jirwankar, Akanksha Nair, Soumitra Marathe, Vikas Dighe
Conventional drug delivery methods to treat testicular disorders face various challenges, which could be circumvented by using targeted drug delivery. Testicular cell targeting ligands, such as Leydig cell homing peptides, would be an excellent choice to achieve the targeted delivery of drugs to the testis. In this study, Leydig cell homing peptides (LCHPs), LCHP1 and LCHP2, were identified via in vitro , followed by in vivo biopanning of a phage display peptide library and next-generation sequencing. Both of the LCHPs were validated in vitro for their specific Leydig cell and in vivo testis targeting potential...
March 8, 2024: ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479746/assessing-the-acceptability-of-adherence-to-and-preference-for-a-dual-prevention-pill-dpp-for-hiv-and-pregnancy-prevention-compared-to-oral-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep-and-oral-contraception-taken-separately-protocols-for-two-randomised-controlled-cross-over
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara A Friedland, Nyaradzo M Mgodi, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Sanyukta Mathur, Marlena G Plagianos, Irene V Bruce, Maud Lansiaux, Caroline Murombedzi, Petina Musara, Adlight Dandadzi, Krishnaveni Reddy, Nkosiphile Ndlovu, Sihle K Zulu, Lerato R Shale, Brady Zieman, Lisa B Haddad
INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention method; however, uptake and persistence have been low among southern African women. A dual prevention pill (DPP) that combines PrEP with oral contraception (OC) may increase PrEP use and better meet women's sexual and reproductive health needs. We will gauge the DPP's acceptability in two cross-over clinical trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PC952 (Zimbabwe) and PC953 (South Africa) will compare acceptability, adherence and preference for an over-encapsulated DPP versus PrEP and OCs taken separately...
March 12, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479162/participant-experiences-in-a-pilot-study-for-methamphetamine-withdrawal-treatment-implications-for-retention
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liam S Acheson, Simon Clay, Rebecca McKetin, Nicholas Lintzeris, Adrian Dunlop, Jonathan Brett, Michael Christmass, Craig Rodgers, Steve Shoptaw, Michael Farrell, Nadine Ezard, Krista J Siefried
INTRODUCTION: There is little knowledge of the perspectives of people who use methamphetamine and have participated in clinical trials, and none for interventions not intended to address abstinence. A better understanding of these experiences could lead to more patient centred clinical trial design. This study seeks to understand the experiences of people who completed a clinical trial of lisdexamfetamine for the treatment of acute methamphetamine withdrawal. METHODS: Thematic analysis of open-ended, semi-structured interviews with eight people who participated in an inpatient clinical trial of lisdexamfetamine for acute methamphetamine withdrawal...
March 12, 2024: International Journal on Drug Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477323/immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-induced-inflammatory-arthritis-overview-of-therapies-and-a-personalized-approach-to-optimized-combined-therapy
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noa Rose, Victoria Furer, Ari Polachek, Ori Elkayam, Smadar Gertel
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, anti-programmed cell death 1, and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, are currently widely used in oncology clinical practice, achieving considerable success in improving disease outcomes. New checkpoint targets are being discovered and investigated through basic science research and clinical trials. ICI remove negative regulatory immune signals on T cells, leading to immune activation and induction of antitumor immunity...
January 11, 2024: European Journal of Rheumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477243/-advisability-of-carotid-endarterectomy-in-asymptomatic-patients
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D A Korshunov, V A Kulbak, A V Chupin
OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal treatment strategy for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors reviewed clinical guidelines for the management of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis 60-99%, as well as medical studies and meta-analyses comparing carotid endarterectomy and optimal drug therapy in asymptomatic patients between 1993 and 2023. RESULTS: The choice of treatment strategy for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is still a controversial issue...
2024: Khirurgiia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477109/rationale-of-the-inclusion-of-%C3%AE-blockers-among-major-antihypertensive-drugs-in-the-2023-european-society-of-hypertension-guidelines
#38
REVIEW
Giuseppe Mancia, Mattias Brunström, Michel Burnier, Guido Grassi, Andrzej Januszewicz, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Maria L Muiesan, Costas Thomopoulos, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Reinhold Kreutz
We address the reasons why, unlike other guidelines, in the 2023 guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension β-blockers (BBs) have been regarded as major drugs for the treatment of hypertension, at the same level as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. We argue that BBs, (1) reduce blood pressure (the main factor responsible for treatment-related protection) not less than other drugs, (2) reduce pooled cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in placebo-controlled trials, in which there has also been a sizeable reduction of all major cause-specific cardiovascular outcomes, (3) have been associated with a lower global cardiovascular protection in 2 but not in several other comparison trials, in which the protective effect of BBs versus the other major drugs has been similar or even greater, with a slightly smaller or no difference of global benefit in large trial meta-analyses and a similar protective effect when comparisons extend to BBs in combination versus other drug combinations...
March 13, 2024: Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476445/comparative-risk-of-adverse-perinatal-outcomes-associated-with-classes-of-antiretroviral-therapy-in-pregnant-women-living-with-hiv-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#39
Katharina Beck, Imogen Cowdell, Clara Portwood, Harriet Sexton, Mary Kumarendran, Zoe Brandon, Shona Kirtley, Joris Hemelaar
BACKGROUND: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended by World Health Organisation as preferred first-line regimen in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLHIV). Non-nucleoside reverse transfer inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART and protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART are designated as alternative regimens. The impact of different ART regimens on perinatal outcomes is uncertain. We aimed to assess the comparative risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in WLHIV receiving different classes of ART...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476165/solid-organ-transplantation-and-gut-microbiota-a-review-of-the-potential-immunomodulatory-properties-of-short-chain-fatty-acids-in-graft-maintenance
#40
REVIEW
Manon Jardou, Clarisse Brossier, Pierre Marquet, Nicolas Picard, Anne Druilhe, Roland Lawson
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for several end-stage organ defects: it considerably improves patient survival and quality of life. However, post-transplant recipients may experience episodes of rejection that can favor or ultimately lead to graft loss. Graft maintenance requires a complex and life-long immunosuppressive treatment. Different immunosuppressive drugs ( i.e. , calcineurin inhibitors, glucocorticoids, biological immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and antiproliferative or antimetabolic agents) are used in combination to mitigate the immune response against the allograft...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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