keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497871/dry-eye-disease-pathogenesis-and-clinical-signs-searching-for-correspondence-in-the-clinical-practice
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Barabino, J M Benítez-Del-Castillo
BACKGROUND: Ocular surface alterations causing dry eye disease (DED) can be described as a vicious circle consisting of different consecutive stages. Among the factors involved, the ocular surface immune-inflammatory response has been established as a key player in the pathogenesis of the vicious circle of DED. Thus, the prompt recognition of the disruption of the immunoregulatory mechanisms is crucial for properly managing the ocular surface alterations. To increase awareness and knowledge of the identification and clinical interpretation of immunological mechanisms of dry eye in clinical practice, we present two clinical cases related to DED patients to provide a practical example of clinical examination application and interpretation of diagnostic parameters in daily practice...
March 2024: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497088/an-exploration-of-factors-influencing-the-selection-of-generic-and-innovator-medicines-in-saudi-arabia-using-an-observational-cross-sectional-study
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Othman AlOmeir, Mansour Almuqbil, Asmaa Hussam Alsawadi, Alaa Mohamed Genedy, Ashwag Fawaz Almutairi, Hams Talal Alaydaa, Saleh A Alanazi, Numan Alabdan, Meshal Alshakrah, Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Naira Nayeem
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Generic medications are cost-effective without compromising therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate, using a cross-sectional study design, the factors influencing Saudi Arabian consumers' preferences between innovator and generic medications. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Arabia using a Google survey form. For data collection, a simple random sampling strategy was used. The recruited participants were surveyed using a validated questionnaire that focused on six influencing domains: physician, pharmacist, perceived effectiveness, price, information availability, and confidence based on prior experience...
April 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496500/should-the-choice-of-boin-design-parameter-p-tox-only-depend-on-the-target-dlt-rate
#3
Rong Lu
IMPORTANCE: On December 10, 2021, the FDA published a Determination Letter, along with a Statistical Review and Evaluation Report, and concluded that under the non-informative prior, the local Bayesian optimal interval design (BOIN) design, in its revised form, can be designated fit-for-purpose for identifying the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug, assuming that dose-toxicity relationship is monotonically increasing. Although setting the BOIN design parameter p . tox = 1.4 * target ...
March 12, 2024: medRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496406/a-randomized-proof-of-mechanism-trial-of-tnf-antagonism-for-motivational-anhedonia-and-related-corticostriatal-circuitry-in-depressed-patients-with-high-inflammation
#4
Michael Treadway, Sarah Etuk, Jessica Cooper, Shabnam Hossein, Emma Hahn, Samantha Betters, Shiyin Liu, Amanda Arulpragasam, Brittany DeVries, Nadia Irfan, Makiah Nuutinen, Evanthia Wommack, Bobbi Woolwine, Mandakh Bekhbat, Philip Kragel, Jennifer Felger, Ebrahim Haroon, Andrew Miller
Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been associated with motivational deficits in patients with major depression (MD). In turn, impaired motivation has been linked to poor quality of life across psychiatric disorders. We thus determined effects of the anti-inflammatory drug infliximab-a potent tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist-on behavioral and neural measures of motivation in 42 medically stable, unmedicated MD patients with a C-reactive protein > 3mg/L. All patients underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, randomized clinical trial with infliximab (5mg/kg) versus placebo...
March 5, 2024: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496040/achieving-precision-healthcare-through-nanomedicine-and-enhanced-model-systems
#5
REVIEW
Elin Svensson, Ula von Mentzer, Alexandra Stubelius
The ability to customize medical choices according to an individual's genetic makeup and biomarker patterns marks a significant advancement toward overall improved healthcare for both individuals and society at large. By transitioning from the conventional one-size-fits-all approach to tailored treatments that can account for predispositions of different patient populations, nanomedicines can be customized to target the specific molecular underpinnings of a patient's disease, thus mitigating the risk of collateral damage...
March 13, 2024: ACS Mater Au
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495982/viral-peptide-conjugates-for-metal-warhead-delivery-to-chromatin
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucinda K Batchelor, Louis De Falco, Paul J Dyson, Curtis A Davey
The presence of heavy metal groups can endow compounds with unique structural and chemical attributes beneficial for developing highly potent therapeutic agents and effective molecular labels. However, metallocompound binding site specificity is a major challenge that dictates the level of off-site targeting, which is a limiting factor in finding safer and more effective metal-based drugs. Here we designed and tested a family of metallopeptide conjugates based on two different chromatin-tethering viral proteins and a drug being repurposed for cancer, the Au(i) anti-arthritic auranofin...
March 14, 2024: RSC Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495286/contemporary-concepts-of-prevention-and-management-of-gastroesophageal-variceal-bleeding-in-liver-cirrhosis-patients
#7
EDITORIAL
Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko
This editorial describes the contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients according to the current guidelines. Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is the most dangerous complication of portal hypertension in LC patients. Risk stratification and determination of an individual approach to the choice of therapeutic measures aimed at their prevention and management has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern hepatology. According to the current guidelines, in the absence of clinically significant portal hypertension, etiological and non-etiological therapies of LC is advisable for the primary preventing gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, whereas its presence serves as an indication for the administration of non-selective β-blockers, among which carvedilol is the drug of choice...
February 27, 2024: World Journal of Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495208/an-efficient-estimator-of-population-variance-of-a-sensitive-variable-with-a-new-randomized-response-technique
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Azeem, Najma Salahuddin, Sundus Hussain, Musarrat Ijaz, Abdul Salam
In sampling theory, a majority of the available estimators of population variance are designed for use with non-sensitive variables only. Such estimators cannot perform efficiently when the variable of interest is of sensitive nature, such as use of drugs, illegal income, abortion, cheating in examination, the amount of income tax payable, and the violation of rules by employees, etc. In the current literature, the shortage of research studies on variance estimators of a sensitive variable has created a big research gap and a room for improvement in the efficiency of such estimators...
March 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495072/hybrid-poly-%C3%AE-amino-ester-triblock-copolymers-utilizing-a-raft-polymerization-grafting-from-methodology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Kasza, Amr Elsherbeny, Cara Moloney, Kim R Hardie, Miguel Cámara, Cameron Alexander, Pratik Gurnani
The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness of poly( β -amino esters) (PBAEs) has led to their widespread use as biomaterials for drug and gene delivery. Nonetheless, the step-growth polymerization mechanism that yields PBAEs limits the scope for their structural optimization toward specific applications because of limited monomer choice and end-group modifications. Moreover, to date the post-synthetic functionalization of PBAEs has relied on grafting-to approaches, challenged by the need for efficient polymer-polymer coupling and potentially difficult post-conjugation purification...
December 2023: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494658/proportion-of-antipsychotics-with-cyp2d6-pharmacogenetic-pgx-associations-prescribed-in-an-early-intervention-in-psychosis-eip-cohort-a-cross-sectional-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adam Jameson, Muhammad Faisal, Beth Fylan, Greg C Bristow, Jaspreet Sohal, Caroline Dalton, Gurdeep S Sagoo, Alastair G Cardno, Samantha L McLean
BACKGROUND: Prescribing drugs for psychosis (antipsychotics) is challenging due to high rates of poor treatment outcomes, which are in part explained by an individual's genetics. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing can help clinicians tailor the choice or dose of psychosis drugs to an individual's genetics, particularly psychosis drugs with known variable response due to CYP2D6 gene variants ('CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics'). AIMS: This study aims to investigate differences between demographic groups prescribed 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics' and estimate the proportion of patients eligible for PGx testing based on current pharmacogenomics guidance...
March 17, 2024: Journal of Psychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494294/hematologic-malignancies-and-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Briani, Andrea Visentin
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are rarely associated with hematologic malignancies. In their rarity, lymphomas are the diseases with more frequent paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome. High-risk antibodies are absent in most lymphoma-associated paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, with the exception of antibodies to Tr/DNER in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, mGluR5 in limbic encephalitis, and mGluR1 in some cerebellar ataxias. Peripheral nervous system paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are rare and heterogeneous, with a prevalence of demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494115/student-pharmacist-perceptions-towards-community-pharmacy-practice
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brenda Shih, Renee' Richardson, Jordan R Covvey, Chiara Gessler
BACKGROUND: Community pharmacy practice has incurred significant changes in scope of responsibility and workplace environment, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The trends may impact how student pharmacists perceive community pharmacy practice and their future career opportunities. OBJECTIVE: To determine current perceptions that student pharmacists have towards community pharmacy practice. METHODS: A 15-item electronic, cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to approximately 2200 student pharmacists from March to April 2023...
March 15, 2024: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493776/onco-hypertension-in-patients-with-kidney-disease
#13
REVIEW
Shubhi Pandey, Simon Kashfi, Susana Hong, Amar Kalaria, Agnes S Kim
BACKGROUND: Cancer, hypertension, and kidney disease are closely interrelated. Knowledge of the potential hypertensive and nephrotoxic effects of antineoplastic medications is critical to minimizing interruptions in cancer treatment. SUMMARY: Antineoplastic medications can cause hypertension, proteinuria, and kidney injury, often mediated by common mechanisms. Notably, inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway have the strongest association with both hypertension and proteinuria, typically acute in onset and often reversible after drug discontinuation...
March 17, 2024: American Journal of Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493329/opioid-versus-benzodiazepine-based-sedation-for-mechanically-ventilated-patients-in-the-internal-medicine-ward
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natan Argaman, Avraham Meyer, Nisim Ifrach, Sara Dichtwald
BACKGROUND: Opioid-base sedation is considered the first line choice in ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICU). Few studies have examined sedation in ventilated patients outside the ICU. A pilot program was initiated in the internal medicine ward A at Meir Hospital in Kfar Saba, Israel. A new sedation protocol was implemented for opioid-based versus benzodiazepine-based sedation in ventilated patients. OBJECTIVES: To compare the rates and intensity of delirium between patients who received opioid-based sedation vs...
March 2024: Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493153/aptamers-as-an-approach-to-targeted-cancer-therapy
#15
REVIEW
Fatemeh Mahmoudian, Azin Ahmari, Shiva Shabani, Bahman Sadeghi, Shohreh Fahimirad, Fahimeh Fattahi
Conventional cancer treatments can cause serious side effects because they are not specific to cancer cells and can damage healthy cells. Aptamers often are single-stranded oligonucleotides arranged in a unique architecture, allowing them to bind specifically to target sites. This feature makes them an ideal choice for targeted therapeutics. They are typically produced through the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and undergo extensive pharmacological revision to modify their affinity, specificity, and therapeutic half-life...
March 16, 2024: Cancer Cell International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493037/efficacy-and-safety-of-fundoplication-in-treating-gastroesophageal-reflux-related-chronic-cough-a-meta-analysis
#16
REVIEW
Jiannan Liu, Zhiwei Hu, Yan Liang, Shurui Tian, Jimin Wu
Gastroesophageal reflux related chronic cough (GERC), is a common type of chronic cough. Drug treatment is the first choice. But some patients are tired of taking medicine everyday and some patients can not benefit from drugs. For these patients, fundoplication may be the most effective method. However, the importance of fundoplication in treating GERC is undervalued, and there is very few meta-analysis looking into the effect and safety of fundoplication in treating GERC. To solve this question, we performed this meta-analysis...
March 15, 2024: Asian Journal of Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492760/vascular-access-device-type-for-systemic-anti-cancer-therapies-in-cancer-patients-a-scoping-review
#17
REVIEW
C Duggan, O Hernon, R Dunne, V McInerney, S R Walsh, A Lowery, M McCarthy, P J Carr
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer can expect to receive numerous invasive vascular access procedures for intravenous therapy and clinical diagnostics. Due to the increased incidence and prevalence of cancer globally there will be significantly more people who require first-line intravenous chemotherapy over the next ten years. METHODS: Our objective was to determine the types of evidence that exist for the vascular access device (VAD) type for the delivery of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) in cancer patients...
March 14, 2024: Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492132/prophylaxis-of-hepatic-encephalopathy-current-and-future-drug-targets
#18
REVIEW
Sudhir Maharshi, Barjesh Chander Sharma
Hepatic encephalopathy is described by a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric aberrations resulting due to advanced liver dysfunction. It is a neurological disorder due to hepatic insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunts. Its clinical presentation includes neuropsychiatric dysfunction ranging from subclinical changes to comatose state. It is a sign of poor prognosis in cirrhotics with a high 1-year mortality. Each episode of hepatic encephalopathy leads to high hospitalization rate, poor prognosis and raised burden of healthcare...
March 16, 2024: Hepatology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490831/the-effect-of-induction-therapy-on-antibody-mediated-rejection-in-kidney-transplantation-a-network-meta-analysis-using-recent-data
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin Ho Lee, Heeryong Lee, Kipyo Kim, Seoung Woo Lee, Joon Ho Song, Seun Deuk Hwang
BACKGROUND: Various induction regimens are available for kidney transplantation (KT); however, which is superior remains unclear. Moreover, although the induction regimens are effective and important for reducing side effects, their respective relationships with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after transplantation remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the most effective induction regimen for AMR reduction through network analysis. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of databases, including basiliximab, alemtuzumab, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and daclizumab as induction regimens for KT from inception to September 1, 2022...
March 14, 2024: Transplantation Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490565/the-impact-of-prenatal-alcohol-synthetic-cannabinoid-and-co-exposure-on-behavioral-adaptations-in-adolescent-offspring-and-alcohol-self-administration-in-adulthood
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura C Ornelas, Eric W Fish, Jacob C Dooley, Megan Carroll, Scott E Parnell, Joyce Besheer
Prenatal exposure to alcohol or cannabinoids can produce enduring neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes in the offspring. Furthermore, prenatal co-exposure to alcohol and cannabinoids induces malformations in brain regions associated with reward and stress-related circuitry. This study examined the effects of co-exposure to alcohol and the synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) CP55,940 throughout gastrulation and neurulation in rats on basal corticosterone levels and a battery of behavioral tests during adolescence and alcohol self-administration in adulthood...
March 13, 2024: Neurotoxicology and Teratology
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