diagnosis of tuberculosis

Around the world, several lung diseases such as pneumonia, cardiomegaly, and tuberculosis (TB) contribute to severe illness, hospitalization or even death, particularly for elderly and medically vulnerable patients. In the last few decades, several new types of lung-related diseases have taken the lives of millions of people, and COVID-19 has taken almost 6.27 million lives. To fight against lung diseases, timely and correct diagnosis with appropriate treatment is crucial in the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, an intelligent recognition system for seven lung diseases has been proposed based on machine learning (ML) techniques to aid the medical experts...

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most predominant infectious illnesses in developing areas around the globe. As stated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of instances of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has increased lately. This case report describes the effective diagnosis and customized treatment for primary extra-pulmonary multidrug-resistant tubercular pleural effusion, a disease which is difficult to identify due to relatively low bacterial count as well as frequently negative staining on Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) for acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is an infrequently reported condition. However, in endemic settings, it contributes to a significant number of cases. The most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the lymph nodes. Herein, an exceedingly rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as bilateral cervical lymphadenitis with external cerebral watershed infarct along with sphenoid and maxillary sinusitis in an Indian male is presented. A detailed literature search revealed that a case with all these clinical conditions together has never been reported to date...

Small bone involvement caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is an uncommon clinical entity. Usually, the condition is linked to the spread of bacteria from the lungs. It is rather uncommon for people without pulmonary seeding, trauma, or a history of tuberculosis to experience isolated episodes of spina ventosa. We describe a rare case of an immunocompetent Indian woman, aged 25, who complained of swelling in her left thumb. The diagnosis of primary tubercular dactylitis of the thumb was made after a thorough clinical and laboratory workup, and she received conservative treatment...

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of patients with miliary tuberculosis (MTB) is a concern in an aging society because of its high mortality rate. Several prognostic biomarkers for MTB have been identified; however, the predictive ability of monocytes as biomarkers remains unknown. This study demonstrates the usefulness of monocytes as prognostic biomarkers for MTB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively compared the clinical findings of 52 patients with MTB hospitalized between April 2013 and October 2021...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases among cancers and tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Many studies have mentioned the connection between lung cancer and tuberculosis, and also the microRNAs that play a significant role in the development of these two diseases. This study aims to use different databases to find effective miRNAs and their role on different genes on lung and tuberculosis diseases. Also determining the role of miR-34a and miR-182 in lung cancer and tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (TB-HLH) is a rare and life-threatening complication of tuberculosis infection. Early recognition and treatment of TB-HLH is crucial for improving outcomes. Treatment typically involves a combination of antituberculosis therapy and immunosuppressive therapy to control the immune system's overreaction. In this report, we present the case of a 53-year-old ambulance driver who was diagnosed with TB-HLH. His CT scan revealed splenic abscesses, hepatomegaly and bilateral lung consolidation...

This review describes the appearance of extrapulmonary tuberculosis manifestations in comprehensive and multiparametric ultrasound imaging. The aim is to increase awareness of typical ultrasound findings regarding extrapulmonary tuberculosis, correlate those with pathological features, and facilitate differential diagnosis. Point of care ultrasound protocols can be used as a screening method in high-risk populations, although the negative findings do not exclude tuberculosis. Conversely, the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis can never be made using ultrasound alone, as many ultrasound findings in extrapulmonary tuberculosis are non-specific...

INTRODUCTION: The second COPD Biennial organized by the COPD working group of the French Society of Respiratory Diseases took place in Paris (Cochin) on 13th December 2023. STATE OF THE ART: Major trends in 2023 were discussed; they encompassed concepts, definitions, biologics, care pathways, pulmonary rehabilitation and complex situations entailed by respiratory infections, cardiovascular comorbidities and pulmonary hypertension, and modalities of oxygen therapy and ventilation...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Cutaneous Tuberculosis (CTB), elicited by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, manifests dermatologically. The scarcity of bacilli within CTB lesions renders their detection challenging. This study presents a case of CTB, underscoring its rarity and the potential for severe complications that can deteriorate patient quality of life. It aims to highlight the importance of CTB identification in dermatological diagnoses due to its capacity to cause considerable morbidity and affect patients' psychosocial health...

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that often has a latent period after the initial infection. Tuberculosis most often affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body. Vietnam is in pandemic area of tuberculosis. CASE REPORT: We present a rare case of a 42-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital with a history of progressive jaundice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 26 × 33 mm tuberculous mass located at the intersection between the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct, leading to dilation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts on both sides...

PURPOSE: Rapid, reliable identification of mycobacteria from positive cultures is essential for patient management, particularly for the differential diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new "In-Vitro-Diagnostic"-certified PCR kit, FluoroType®-Mycobacteria VER 1.0 (Hain Lifescience GmbH) for NTM and MTBC identification from cultures. METHODS: Mycobacteria identification isolated from positive cultures during routine practice at the Lyon university hospital mycobacteria laboratory obtained by hsp65 amplification/sequencing were compared retrospectively and prospectively to those obtained by and the FluoroType®-Mycobacteria VER 1...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the value of S100-A8 protein as a diagnostic marker for spinal tuberculosis and to explore its role in the potential pathogenesis of spinal tuberculosis (STB). METHODS: The peripheral blood of 100 spinal tuberculosis patients admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2018 to June 2021 were collected as the observation group, and the peripheral blood of 30 healthy medical examiners were collected as the control group...

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is characterized by tuberculosis infection of the tracheobronchial tree. It has variable presentation but tumorous growth-like presentation in bronchus is very rare. The clinical and radiological features are non-specific, which creates a diagnostic dilemma. Bronchoscopy and biopsy of the lesion are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. In this case series, we are presenting three unique cases of endobronchial growth diagnosed as EBTB after biopsy and evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) and other ancillary investigations for tuberculosis...

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced lichen planus is a cutaneous adverse effect that manifests as a systemic eruption of flat-topped, erythematous, or violaceous papules resembling lichen planus on the trunk and extremities. Although antitubercular therapy has been linked to cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, the literature on such cases is scarce. Here, we present a case to contribute to this field, reporting on its presentation and management, and reviewing previous case studies. CASE REPORT: Our patient, a 63-year-old male, presented with black pigmented patches on the skin, having been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and on antitubercular therapy for the past two months...

Canine mycobacterial disease was first recognised over 100 years ago but is now an emerging concern. All reported cases of tuberculous disease in dogs have been caused by infection with one of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC) organisms (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium microti). Molecular PCR and interferon-gamma release assays offer alternative or complementary diagnostic pathways to that of specialist culture, which is limited by availability, sensitivity, and the time it takes to get a result...

Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) can be used to perform Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex-specific amplification or target capture directly from sputum samples, yielding simultaneous coverage of many genes and DNA regions associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Performance comparisons of tNGS and another molecular testing tool, Xpert MTB/rifampicin (RIF), have been empirical. Here, using a dilution series of a RIF-resistant clinical isolate of MTB, we found that tNGS had a slightly lower limit of bacterial detection (102 CFU/mL) compared with Xpert MTB/RIF (103 CFU/mL) in culture medium...

Molecular techniques have revolutionized tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis by offering a faster and more sensitive approach, detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) DNA directly from samples. Single-tube nested PCR (STNPCR) combines two PCR reactions with separate oligonucleotide sets in a single tube. Moreover, colorimetric methods in PCR products have been studied for pathogen detection. Thus, this study aimed to establish a novel system based on colorimetric STNPCR for Mtb detection using microtiter plates with IS6110 -amplified fragments...

INTRODUCTION: TB is a well-recognized cause of pulmonary infection. Empyema Necessitans is a rare complication of untreated empyema, mainly caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects immunocompromised individuals. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of 28 years old gentleman, Sudanese, with intermittent fever, non-productive cough, weight loss and night sweats. Chest X-ray then CT chest revealed a large right pleural collection invading the chest wall...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of death across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In parallel, non-communicable disease and especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden has increased substantially in the region. Cardiac manifestations of TB are well-recognised but the extent to which they co-exist with pulmonary TB (PTB) has not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of the burden of cardiac pathology in PTB in those living with and without HIV in a high-burden setting...