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Silvia Moreno-Mendieta, Jorge Barrios-Payán, Dulce Mata-Espinosa, Sergio Sánchez, Rogelio Hernández-Pando, Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
The main challenge for vaccine development or improvement is the lack of safe adjuvants or immunostimulants that induce protective immune responses and can be used for mucosal immunization, which is a highly desirable strategy for vaccination against infectious diseases acquired by oral or intranasal routes. One promising alternative is the use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microparticles. Recently, we developed an immobilization and delivery system with starch microparticles (SMPs) and a starch-binding domain (SBDtag) suitable for the mucosal administration of antigens and the induction of antigen-specific immune responses...
August 14, 2017: Vaccine
#2
Enric Vidal, Claudia Arrieta-Villegas, Miriam Grasa, Irene Mercader, Mariano Domingo, Bernat Pérez de Val
BACKGROUND: Control of animal tuberculosis (TB) through vaccination has emerged as a long-term strategy to complement test and slaughter control strategy. A pilot trial under field conditions was conducted in a goat herd with high TB prevalence to assess the efficacy of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. RESULTS: Twenty-three goat kids vaccinated with BCG and other 22 unvaccinated control kids were euthanized at 18 months post-vaccination. Gross pathological and histopathological examination of target tissues was performed for detection of tuberculous lesions and assessment of vaccine efficacy...
August 17, 2017: BMC Veterinary Research
#3
Nyamongo Onkoba, Ruth M Mumo, Horace Ochanda, Charles Omwandho, Hastings S Ozwara, Thomas G Egwang
Incorporation of biomolecular epitopes to malarial antigens should be explored in the development of strain-transcending malarial vaccines. The present study sought to determine safety, immunogenicity and cross-species efficacy ofPlasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 polypeptide co-expressed with epitopes of Bacille-Calmette Guerin (BCG), tetanus toxoid (TT) and a chemokine gene. Olive baboons and BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into vaccine and control groups. The vaccine group animals were primed and boosted twice with pIRES plasmids encoding the SERA5+ BCG+ TT alone, or with either CCL5 or CCL20 and the control group with pIRES plasmid vector backbone...
July 13, 2017: Journal of Biomedical Research
#4
Timothy Roberton, William Weiss, Shannon Doocy
Ensuring the sustained immunization of displaced persons is a key objective in humanitarian emergencies. Typically, humanitarian actors measure coverage of single vaccines following an immunization campaign; few measure routine coverage of all vaccines. We undertook household surveys of Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon, outside of camps, using a mix of random and respondent-driven sampling, to measure coverage of all vaccinations included in the host country's vaccine schedule. We analyzed the results with a critical eye to data limitations and implications for similar studies...
August 12, 2017: Vaccines
#5
JoLynn Troudt, Elizabeth Creissen, Linda Izzo, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Stefano Casonato, Riccardo Manganelli, Angelo A Izzo
With more than 9 million new infections and 1.5 million deaths claimed every year, tuberculosis remains one of the major scourges of humankind. The only vaccine available against this disease, the attenuated strain Mycobacterium bovis, BCG is effective against severe forms of the disease in infants, but scarcely effective in protecting adults from the pulmonary form of the disease, thus not stopping transmission. Consequently, the development of an effective anti-tuberculosis vaccine is a major goal for improving global health...
September 2017: Tuberculosis
#6
Iti Saraav, Swati Singh, Kirti Pandey, Monika Sharma, Sadhna Sharma
Cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a major source of immunogenic proteins that can be tested as vaccine candidates. MymA (Rv3083), a 55 kDa M.tb flavin containing monooxygenase, is involved in modification of mycolic acids during acidic shock following M.tb internalization in macrophage. In this study, we have investigated the role of this cell wall associated protein in activation of macrophages by toll like receptor (TLRs) engagement and subsequent signaling. Our results showed that MymA stimulation of THP1 cells and human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) lead to upregulation of TLR2 and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR...
September 2017: Tuberculosis
#7
REVIEW
Nicolás M S Gálvez, Jorge A Soto, Alexis M Kalergis
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) worldwide, leading to significant levels of immunocompromisation as well as morbidity and mortality in infants. Its main target of infection is the ciliated epithelium of the lungs and the host immune responses elicited is ineffective at achieving viral clearance. It is thought that the lack of effective immunity against hRSV is due in part to the activity of several viral proteins that modulate the host immune response, enhancing a Th2-like pro-inflammatory state, with the secretion of cytokines that promote the infiltration of immune cells to the lungs, with consequent damage...
August 11, 2017: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#8
EDITORIAL
Roland Diel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2017: Chest
#9
Anand Bimari Janagond, Vithiya Ganesan, G S Vijay Kumar, Arunagiri Ramesh, Prem Anand, M Mariappan
BACKGROUND: Health-care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. While national-level data on the burden of TB in general population is available from reliable sources, nationally representative data on latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) burden in HCWs in the high burden countries is lacking. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out to assess the risk of TB infection among HCWs who directly engage in medical duties...
July 2017: International Journal of Mycobacteriology
#10
Mushtaq Ahmed, Douglas M Smith, Tarek Hamouda, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Ali Fattom, Shabaana A Khader
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is contracted via aerosol infection, typically affecting the lungs. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine and has variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. Additionally, chemotherapy is associated with low compliance contributing to development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Thus, there is an urgent need for the design of more effective vaccines against TB...
July 31, 2017: Vaccine
#11
Nina Marie Birk, Thomas Nørrelykke Nissen, Monica Ladekarl, Vera Zingmark, Jesper Kjærgaard, Trine Mølbæk Jensen, Signe Kjeldgaard Jensen, Lisbeth Marianne Thøstesen, Poul-Erik Kofoed, Lone Graff Stensballe, Andreas Andersen, Ole Pryds, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Christine Stabell Benn, Dorthe Lisbeth Jeppesen
BACKGROUND: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) against tuberculosis is administered intradermally, and vaccination is often followed by a scar at the injection site. Among BCG-vaccinated individuals, having a scar has been associated with lower mortality. We aimed to examine the impact of vaccination technique for scarring in a high income setting, by assessing the associations between the post injection reaction, the wheal size, and the probability of developing a scar, and scar size...
August 3, 2017: BMC Infectious Diseases
#12
Cibelly Goulart, Dunia Rodriguez, Alex I Kanno, Thiago Rojas Converso, Ying-Jie Lu, Richard Malley, Luciana C Leite
Pneumococcal diseases remain a substantial cause of mortality in young children in developing countries. The development of potentially serotype-transcending vaccines has been extensively studied; ideally such a vaccine should include antigens that are able to induce protection against colonization (likely mediated by IL-17A) and protection against invasive disease (likely mediated by antibody). The use of strong adjuvants or alternative delivery systems that are able to improve the immunological response of recombinant proteins has been proposed, but poses potential safety and practical concerns in children...
August 2, 2017: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology: CVI
#13
Y J Zhang
Objective: To analyze the occurrence and death of Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) in Shandong province. Methods: Collecting the information of AEFI cases from 2011 to 2016, which were reported through the National AEFI Management System in Shandong province up to January 15, 2017. The autopsy reports of death following immunization were issued by the qualified institutions. The inoculation data from 2011 to 2016 was obtained through Immunization Information Management System of Shandong province...
August 6, 2017: Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]
#14
REVIEW
Lazar S Popovic, Gorana Matovina-Brko, Maja Popovic
Checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies attach to several different receptors on T-cells or tumour cells expressing receptors for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1) and their ligand (PD-L1). Since 2010, numerous trials on different tumour types have been conducted, which was resulted in these drugs being approved for the treatment of melanoma, lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and head and neck cancers. Urological cancers, especially urothelial and renal-cell carcinomas, are immunogenic tumours...
2017: ESMO Open
#15
Transgenerational Social Stress Alters Immune-Behavior Associations and the Response to Vaccination.
Alexandria Hicks-Nelson, Gillian Beamer, Kursat Gurel, Rachel Cooper, Benjamin C Nephew
Similar to the multi-hit theory of schizophrenia, social behavior pathologies are mediated by multiple factors across generations, likely acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. Exposure to social adversity, especially during early life, has been proposed to induce depression symptoms through immune mediated mechanisms. Basal immune factors are altered in a variety of neurobehavioral models. In the current study, we assessed two aspects of a transgenerational chronic social stress (CSS) rat model and its effects on the immune system...
July 21, 2017: Brain Sciences
#16
Aurélie Bisiaux, Jeremy Boussier, Darragh Duffy, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Magnus Fontes, Matthew L Albert
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used as a vaccine and diagnostic test for tuberculosis, as well as immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. While clinically useful, the response to mycobacterial stimulation is complex and the induced protein signature remains poorly defined. We characterized the cell types directly engaged by BCG, as well as the induced cytokine loops that transmit signal(s) to bystander cells. Standardized whole-blood stimulations and mechanistic studies on single and purified cell populations identified distinct patterns of activation in monocytes as compared to neutrophils and invariant lymphocyte populations...
2017: Frontiers in Immunology
#17
Manoj V Murhekar, P Kamaraj, K Kanagasabai, G Elavarasu, T Daniel Rajasekar, K Boopathi, Sanjay Mehendale
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: District-Level Household Survey-4 (DLHS-4) indicated that during 2012-2013, only 56 per cent of children aged 12-23 months in Tamil Nadu were fully vaccinated, which were lesser than those reported in earlier national surveys. We, therefore, conducted cluster surveys to estimate coverage of childhood vaccination in the State, and also to identify the factors associated with low coverage. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 15 strata [municipal corporation non-slum (n=1), municipal corporation slum (n=1), hilly (n=1), rural (n=6) and urban (n=6)]...
March 2017: Indian Journal of Medical Research
#18
Anderson Dik Wai Luk, Pamela P Lee, Huawei Mao, Koon-Wing Chan, Xiang Yuan Chen, Tong-Xin Chen, Jian Xin He, Nadia Kechout, Deepti Suri, Yin Bo Tao, Yong Bin Xu, Li Ping Jiang, Woei Kang Liew, Orathai Jirapongsananuruk, Tassalapa Daengsuwan, Anju Gupta, Surjit Singh, Amit Rawat, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Anselm Chi Wai Lee, Lynette P Shek, Thi Van Anh Nguyen, Tek Jee Chin, Yin Hsiu Chien, Zarina Abdul Latiff, Thi Minh Huong Le, Nguyen Ngoc Quynh Le, Bee Wah Lee, Qiang Li, Dinesh Raj, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Meow-Keong Thong, Maria Carmen D Ang, Xiao Chuan Wang, Chen Guang Xu, Hai Guo Yu, Hsin-Hui Yu, Tsz Leung Lee, Felix Yat Sun Yau, Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong, Wenwei Tu, Wangling Yang, Patrick Chun Yin Chong, Marco Hok Kung Ho, Yu Lung Lau
BACKGROUND: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is fatal unless treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Delay in diagnosis is common without newborn screening. Family history of infant death due to infection or known SCID (FH) has been associated with earlier diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features that affect age at diagnosis (AD) and time to the diagnosis of SCID. METHODS: From 2005 to 2016, 147 SCID patients were referred to the Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Network...
2017: Frontiers in Immunology
#19
Punam Mangtani, Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Ruth H Keogh, Lucy Trinder, Peter G Smith, Paul Em Fine, Jonathan Sterne, Ibrahim Abubakar, Emilia Vynnycky, John Watson, David Elliman, Marc Lipman, Laura C Rodrigues
BACKGROUND: Until recently, evidence that protection from the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination lasted beyond 10 years was limited. In the past few years, studies in Brazil and the USA (in Native Americans) have suggested that protection from BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) in childhood can last for several decades. The UK's universal school-age BCG vaccination programme was stopped in 2005 and the programme of selective vaccination of high-risk (usually ethnic minority) infants was enhanced...
July 2017: Health Technology Assessment: HTA
#20
Céline Fleury, Johann Cailhol
France is the European country most severely impacted by BCG vaccine stockouts that started in 2013. After a brief history of French tuberculosis vaccine regulations, this article describes the dysfunctions induced by these shortages in a primary health care centre in Seine-Saint-Denis, the department with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in France.Field observations reveal two types of shortcomings in the institutional communication to healthcare professionals: incomplete communication on projected shortages and their duration; lack of technical information on BCG multidose vials for the Polish market replacing BCG SSI...
March 6, 2017: Santé Publique: Revue Multidisciplinaire Pour la Recherche et L'action
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