Particulate matter india

BACKGROUND: Exposure to household air pollution is a risk factor for severe pneumonia. The effect of replacing biomass cookstoves with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves on the incidence of severe infant pneumonia is uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial involving pregnant women 18 to 34 years of age and between 9 to less than 20 weeks' gestation in India, Guatemala, Peru, and Rwanda from May 2018 through September 2021. The women were assigned to cook with unvented LPG stoves and fuel (intervention group) or to continue cooking with biomass fuel (control group)...

Inhalation of crystalline silica-rich dust particles can result in the deadly occupational lung disorder called silicosis. The risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and the potential for lung cancer increase due to silicosis. This review article aims to bring to light the state of silicosis and TB scenario in the world and India for evaluating hurdles in the present and future to achieve the elimination road map and assess these conditions in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. A patient with silicosis has a 2...

This research delves into the pivotal issue of road dust emissions and their profound ramifications on air quality across diverse regions of India. In pursuit of this objective, the study initiated a comprehensive field campaign to estimate silt loading (sL) values and evaluate the distribution of vehicles at 259 locations spanning 32 Indian cities. Remarkable disparities in sL values were observed across different road types and states. Notably, sites in Rajasthan, characterized by its arid Aravalli range and industrial activities, emerged as stark outliers, exhibiting significantly elevated sL values (up to 137 g/m2 ) compared to their counterparts...

SETTING: Air pollution, including particulate matter, causes health problems for residents of major cities around the world, including New Delhi, India. Public participation is important in framing policies related to such public health issues. OBJECTIVE: To study how the public's comments on air pollution, which had been collected on the orders of the Indian Supreme Court, influenced air pollution policy in New Delhi. DESIGN: We filed a Right to Information Act, 2005 application with the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) to obtain a copy of the comments...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure has been linked to diverse human health impacts. Little is known about the potential heterogeneous impacts of PM2.5 generated from different indoor fuel sources and how exposure differs between personal and indoor environments. Therefore, we used PM2.5 collected by one stationary sampler in a kitchen and personal samplers (female and male participants), in homes ( n = 24) in Kheri, India, that used either biomass or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as primary fuel sources...

This study analyses particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export from Indian monsoonal rivers to the north Indian Ocean. Indian monsoonal rivers export approximately 1.2 Tg yr-1 (1Tg = 1012  g) of POC and 0.14 Tg yr-1 of PN, with about two-thirds entering the Bay of Bengal (0.8 and 0.1 Tg yr-1 , respectively) and the remaining reaches to the Arabian Sea (0.4 and 0.04 Tg yr-1 , respectively). Remarkably, just four rivers from northwest India's black soil-dominated regions contribute about half of the total POC and PN exports (0...

Delhi, among the world's most polluted megacities, is a hotspot of particulate matter emissions, with high contribution from organic aerosol (OA), affecting health and climate in the entire northern India. While the primary organic aerosol (POA) sources can be effectively identified, an incomplete source apportionment of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) causes significant ambiguity in the management of air quality and the assessment of climate change. Present study uses positive matrix factorization analysis on the water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) data from the offline-aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS)...

The proximity of fuel stations to the roads and the activities inside the station can contribute to PM and VOCs and impose health risks on station workers. The study presents the exposure and health risk assessment of the fuel station personnel to total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and particulate matter (PM) during refueling operations. TVOCs and PM monitoring were carried out at a fuel station in Chennai, India, for 1 week in March 2021, covering both weekdays and weekends. The health risks were assessed using EPA's health impact assessment methodology...

Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, ecosystems, and the livelihood of tribal communities. This study focuses on understanding the impact of air pollution on the primary food plant som ( Persea bombycina Kost.) of the endemic Muga silkworm ( Antheraea assamensis ) and its implications for muga silk production. The study was conducted at two sites in northeastern India, one free from atmospheric pollutants (FAP) and the other affected by pollution from an oil refinery (PAS). Various atmospheric pollutants, including particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, were found to be higher at the PAS site...

While studies on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure effect on child health are available, the differential effects, if any, of exposure to PM2.5 species are unexplored in lower and middle-income countries. Using multiple logistic regression, we showed that for every 10 μg m-3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, anaemia, acute respiratory infection, and low birth weight prevalence increase by 10% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 9-11), 11% (8-13), and 5% (4-6), respectively, among children in India...

BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are disproportionately affected by air pollution and its health burden, representing a global inequity. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of unprecedented lockdown measures on air pollutant concentrations globally. We aim to quantify air pollutant concentration changes across LMIC settings as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS: Searches for this systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out across five databases on 30th March 2022; MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Transport Research Information Documentation...

Mining activities lead to severe particulate matter (PM) pollution that consequently has a detrimental effect on ecosystem. A study was therefore conducted in a coal mining area of Odisha, India with an objective to assess the particulate matter pollution on the basis of differential aerodynamic size (PM10 and PM2.5 ) of the particles, the metallic (Zn and Fe) composition, and also to evaluate their nature of deposition on two identified plant species. The results suggest a significant variation in particle and heavy metal fractions in the ambient air of different sites ( p  < 0...

For the last few decades, air pollution in developing country like India is increasing, and it is a matter of huge concern due to its associated human health impacts. In this region, the burgeoning population, escalating urbanization and industrialization, has been cited as the major reason for such a high air pollution. The present study was carried out for health risk assessment of aerosol particles (PM10 and PM2.5 ) and its associated heavy metals of an agriculture farm site at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) considered to be green urban area in Delhi, India...

Particulate matter (PM) is a critical air pollutant, responsible for an array of ailments leading to premature mortality worldwide. Nature-based solutions for mitigation of PM and especially role of forests in mitigating PM from an ecosystem perspective are less explored. Forests provide a natural pollution abatement strategy by providing a surface area for the deposition of PM. Depending on their structure and composition, forests have varying capacities for PM adsorption, which is again less explored. Hence, in the present study, we evaluate the removal capacity of PM by the forest-type groups of India...

The winter period is most ideal for studying near-surface aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India, since this period is inundated with significantly higher concentrations of aerosols across the unique geographical domain because of shallow atmospheric boundary layer. This study focuses on analysing the concentration of the biotic component of aerosols (bioaerosols) in a central location of the IGP and estimating their dominance in ambient particulate matter (PM) from 2021 to 2023. Observations showed that bioaerosol concentrations also increased significantly with the increasing concentrations of PM2...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of epidemiological and sociodemographic changes in tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer associated with residential radon, solid fuels, and particulate matter. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the influencing factors of tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer disease burden attributable to the three pollutants? STUDY DESIGN: AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and SDI values were collected from 21 regions and restricted cubic splines and quantile regression were employed to investigate the relationship between ASMR or Age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years rate (ASDR), and sociodemographic index (SDI)...

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to fine particulate matter has been associated with several cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. However, such evidence mostly originates from low-pollution settings or cross-sectional studies, thus necessitating evidence from regions with high air pollution levels, such as India, where the burden of non-communicable diseases is high. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied the associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 12 064 participants in an adult cohort from urban Chennai and Delhi, India...

Recent studies indicate that monitoring only fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) may not be enough to understand and tackle the health risk caused by particulate pollution. Health effects per unit PM2.5 seem to increase in countries with low PM2.5 , but also near local pollution sources (e.g., traffic) within cities. The aim of this study is to understand the differences in the characteristics of lung-depositing particles in different geographical regions and urban environments. Particle lung deposited surface area (LDSAal ) concentrations and size distributions, along with PM2...

The toxicity associated with the fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) has not been well studied, particularly in relation to the emissions from on-road vehicles and other sources in low- and middle-income countries such as India. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 at a roadside (RS) site with heavy vehicular traffic and an urban background (BG) site in Mumbai using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Simultaneous gravimetric PM2.5 was measured at both sites and characterized for carbonaceous constituents and water-soluble trace elements and metals...

Water quality is one of the essential parameters of environmental monitoring; even a slight variation in its characteristics may significantly influence the ecosystem. The water quality of Vembanad Lake is affected by anthropogenic effects such as industrial effluents and tourism. The optical parameters representing water quality, such as diffuse attenuation (Kd ), turbidity, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), are considered in this study to evaluate the water quality of Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India...