Meningeal carcinomatosis

PURPOSE: Most oncological treatments for leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). One therapeutic option is intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. Both the brain-implanted Omaya reservoir and lumbar puncture (LP) are classic routes for IT chemotherapy delivery. An intrathecal catheter (IC) connected to a subcutaneous port is a recently developed option for the management of chemotherapy infusions. It is essential to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy infusion using such device...

When a patient with encephalopathy has an organic brain lesion, his symptom is easily and often mistakenly attributed to that brain lesion. However, a combination of different conditions is also possible. We present a case of autoimmune limbic encephalitis combined with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. A 57-year-old female patient was transferred to our institute with a 1-month history of seizure and aggressive behavior. Subacute onset of psychosis with multifocal T2 high signal lesions suggested autoimmune encephalitis, and high-dose steroid pulse and immunoglobulin therapy were started...

A 55-year-old female presented to the hospital with a complaint of gross hematuria. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed. The specimens pathologically showed signet ring cells and no urothelial carcinoma components. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed bladder tumor, cervical metastasis, bilateral ovarian metastasis, and multiple lymph node metastasis. She was diagnosed with a primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with cT3bN2M1, and was treated with chemotherapy of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination (GC)...

BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a rare type of cancer that settles at the meninges through metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer and melanoma. The molecular mechanism underlying LMC is not known, therefore molecular studies investigating the development of LMC are needed. Here, we aimed to identify commonly mutated genes in LMC caused by NSCLC, breast cancer, and melanoma using an in-slico approach and their interactions using integrated bioinformatic approaches/tools in this meta-analysis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to investigate the clinical application value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) meningeal metastasis-meningeal carcinomatosis (MC), and to further explore the possible molecular mechanisms and drug treatment targets of LUAD meningeal metastasis by next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed LUAD with MC in 52 patients. CSF cytology was carried out using the slide centrifugation precipitation method and May-Grüwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining...

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a manifestation in which tumor cells migrate into meninges. Breast carcinoma presenting with leptomeningeal metastases is a rare phenomenon that can occur in an isolated form as well as with coexistent parenchymal brain metastases. The gold standard for diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid analysis, while contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the most commonly used imaging modality. Nuclear medicine imaging with flourine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography has proved to be useful in detecting leptomeningeal metastases and, at times, even before anatomical changes occur...

Leptomeningeal disease, also known as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, occurs when cancer metastasizes to the meninges. This rare complication is associated with a poor prognosis. It is most commonly seen in patients with metastatic breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. However, it is extremely rare in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A 64-year-old female with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma metastatic to the peritoneum developed new neurological symptoms twelve months after initiating palliative chemotherapy...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical methods aimed at the filtration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are a group of therapies that have been proposed to treat neurological conditions where pathogens are present in the CSF. Even though the industry of medical devices has not been very active in this field, there is a lack of systematization of the different systems and procedures that can be applied. AREAS COVERED: First, we systematize the classification and definitions of procedures and systems for mechanical filtration of the CSF...

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a fatal but uncommon complication occurring in 5-15% of patients with stage IV cancer. Current treatment options are ineffective at managing leptomeningeal spread, with a median overall survival (mOS) of 2-6 months. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify past and future therapies for LMC from solid tumors. Forty-three clinical trials (CTs) published between 1982-2022 were identified. Of these, 35 (81.4%) were non-randomized CTs and 8 (18...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

We report a 76-year-old woman with meningeal carcinomatosis after gastric cancer surgery. During adjuvant chemotherapy, metastasis to the left axillary and Virchow's lymph node was suspected. A resection biopsy revealed gastric cancer metastasis, and PTX plus RAM therapy was started. Due to RAM adverse events, the treatment was changed to weekly nab- PTX, which was continued for about 6 months. During the 8th course, she was hospitalized due to worsening headache and lightheadedness. Meningeal carcinomatosis was diagnosed by cytology of CSF examination and MRI findings...

A 50's woman was diagnosed with left local-advanced breast cancer(pT4bN2aM0, stage ⅢB, estrogen-receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor-2 negative)in 2016. Neoadjuvant therapy consisting of 4 courses of epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide and 4 courses of docetaxel were administered. After neoadjuvant therapy, a mastectomy with axillary node dissection was performed. And after surgery, she was received radiation and endocrine therapy. In May 2019, multiple bone metastases were detected. We administered endocrine therapy...

BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a rare feature of metastasis that is characterized by thickening and increased contrast enhancement throughout the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) can occur as spread from primary CNS tumors or as a manifestation of metastasis to the CNS from primary tumor sites outside the CNS. Leptomeningeal disease is, however, rare in cervical cancer, in which metastasis occurs typically from local invasion. OBSERVATIONS: The authors discuss the case of CNS metastasis with LMD from the rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC)...

BACKGROUND: Metastases are the most common malignant tumors affecting the central nervous system and occur in 20-40 percent of patients with solid systemic tumors. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of neurosurgical procedures in a modern, multidisciplinary treatment approach. METHODS: An expert panel of neurosurgeons, neurologists, and radio-oncologists conducted a selective literature review on neu - rosurgical interventions for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral metastases...

Multifocal dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor sites to the subarachnoid, pia mater and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain and spinal cord causes carcinomatous meningitis (CM). CM is rarely observed in patients with gynecological cancer. The present study described a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with CM as a recurrence of stage IIIC ovarian cancer, after presenting with headache and decreased level of consciousness. During adjuvant therapy following surgical debulking, she developed nausea and vomiting...

Leptomeningeal myelomatosis is a rare complication of multiple myeloma (<1% of the patients). There was an increase in the incidence of leptomeningeal myelomatosis during the last decade; the prognosis of leptomeningeal myelomatosis remains poor, (overall median survival from the time of diagnosis of 2 months). We discuss a rare case of a monoclonal gammopathy evolving into multiple myeloma and finally into a rapidly progressing leptomeningeal disease. A 76 year-old woman in hematologic follow-up for advanced stage multiple myeloma in sixth-line treatment had an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure with sphincter release followed by altered state of consciousness...

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from systemic cancers can involve the brain parenchyma, leptomeninges, or the dura. Neoplastic meningitis (NM), also known by different terms, including leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and carcinomatous meningitis, occurs due to solid tumors and hematologic malignancies and is associated with a poor prognosis. The current management paradigm entails a multimodal approach focused on palliation with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, which may be administered systemically or directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...

BACKGROUND:  Chronic meningitis (CM) is characterized by neurological symptoms associated with the evidence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis lasting > 4 weeks. Studies on the management of CM in Brazil are scarce. OBJECTIVE:  To critically review the literature on CM and propose a rational approach in the Brazilian scenario. METHODS:  Narrative literature review discussing the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, basic and advanced diagnostic testing, and empirical and targeted therapy for the most relevant causes of CM...