Diffuse intravascular coagulation

BACKGROUND: Coagulopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 results in deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolic complications, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Microbiome dysbiosis influences the clinical course of COVID-19. However, the role of dysbiosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested the hypothesis that the microbiota-derived proapoptotic corisin is involved in the coagulation system activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection...

UNLABELLED: New coronavirus infection is registered less frequently in children than in adults. Among all patients with COVID-19, the share of children is 8.6%. Clinical practice shows that in children, COVID-19 can be severe and even fatal. Articles have been published reflecting the clinical manifestations of Long Covid in children, while data on pathomorphological examination of the lungs during long-term COVID-19 in children are not available in the literature. On the basis of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a course of Forensic Medicine and the Pathological-Anatomical Department of the Clinic of St...

Liver involvement is commonly seen in various haematological disorders. They present clinically with elevation of liver enzymes and organomegaly, with or without mass lesions. However, liver involvement may be silent in many hematological disorders or there may be specific findings in liver biopsy that can lead to the diagnosis of clinically inapparent hematological disorders. Present review highlights features of hepatic manifestations in various hematological diseases with special emphasis on histopathological findings...

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive descriptions of equids with granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) with neurologic or muscle disease and other atypical presentations are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical signs, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome of equids with EGA with emphasis on neurologic and muscle disease. ANIMALS: Thirty-eight horses, 1 donkey. METHODS: Retrospective study. Equids with EGA were included...

BACKGROUND Group G streptococcus (GGS) infection is reported to have invasive pathogenicity similar to that of group A streptococcus (GAS) infection, causing a strong systemic inflammatory response with bacteremia and various complications. Herein, we report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a rare complication of a GGS infection. CASE REPORT An 89-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding and shoulder pain. Close examination revealed a refractory duodenal ulcer (DU) with disseminated intravascular coagulation and soft tissue infection of the right arm, which was found to be caused by GGS...

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is known for its pulmonary form characterized by intra-alveolar hemorrhage, exhibiting a high mortality rate. Management by venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been reported in a small number of cases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report herein the case of a 16-year-old Caucasian male who was admitted with rapidly deteriorating respiratory and digestive complaints. He developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation and intra-alveolar hemorrhage, requiring initiation of venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation...

The anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (ASP) is a rare emergency with significant mortality and morbidity, in which the amniotic fluid and fetal cells enter the maternal circulation leading to respiratory failure, altered mental status, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The term ASP was recently introduced to replace the term amniotic fluid embolism since the clinical manifestations of the entity were more similar to a septic or anaphylactic shock rather than that of an embolic event...

INTRODUCTION: Although declining, maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains significant. Here we report the case of a 31-year-old primipara patient admitted with cardiac arrest due to PPH. CASE PRESENTATION: Labor was induced at gestational week 39, and the infant was delivered rapidly. Cardiac arrest due to PPH occurred during the transfer to our hospital, and the patient underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation upon arrival to the emergency room...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute febrile hemorrhagic disease that can be fatal. Almost one-eighth of people infected with CCHF develop serious illness. The mortality rate is high due to severe bleeding, diffuse intravascular coagulation, shock, and multiple organ failure. Early detection of serious illness can play a key role in developing effective treatment and follow-up strategies. C-reactive protein (CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin have previously been evaluated as markers of clinical severity in infectious diseases...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive, life-threatening condition with sudden onset of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The triggers can be apparently non-specific, and the clinical presentations can be very deceptive during a rapidly deteriorating clinical course. Herein, we report a case of a 49-year-old White/Caucasian male with no known past medical history who presented with multi-organ failure, including liver, kidney, and bone marrow, along with disseminated intravascular coagulation...

Carcinomatosis of the bone marrow is a rare clinical condition characterized by diffuse tumor infiltration of the bone marrow accompanied by hematological abnormalities, including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In patients with gastric carcinoma, this association is infrequent. Below we present a case of a 19-year-old female patient with no known pathological history who presented with upper digestive tract bleeding. Upon examination, anemia and thrombocytopenia were documented, with schistocytes in the peripheral blood smear and prolonged coagulation times...

UNLABELLED: Ischemic stroke is a recognized neurological consequence of an acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly infects endothelial cells, generating widespread endothelial inflammation. This may be the mechanism leading to an ischemic stroke. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and inflammatory responses cause vascular damage, hypercoagulability, thrombin activation, platelet aggregation, and plaque shedding as a result of hemodynamic alterations, which increase the risk of ischemic stroke...

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow metastasis (BMM) is underestimated in gastric cancer (GC). GC with BMM frequently complicate critical hematological abnormalities like diffused intravascular coagulation and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, which constitute a highly aggressive GC (HAGC) subtype. HAGC present a very poor prognosis with peculiar clinical and pathological features when compared with not otherwise specified advanced GC (NAGC). But the molecular mechanisms underlying BMM from GC remain rudimentary...

INTRODUCTION: Acute liver failure (ALF) due to a malignant neoplasm is rare. Here, we present a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with massive invasion to the liver and multi-organ causing ALF that resulted in a poor outcome. A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital for ALF of unknown cause. Abdominal imaging studies revealed hepatomegaly with multiple intrahepatic lesions. The patient also showed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Despite administration of prednisolone for the ALF, he died suddenly of respiratory failure on day 3 after admission...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has greatly transformed the treatment and prognosis of B-cell hematological malignancies. As CAR T-cell therapy continues to be more readily adopted and indications increase, the field's recognition of emerging toxicities will continue to grow. Among the adverse events associated with CAR T-cell therapy, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) are the most common toxicities, while thrombotic events represent an under-reported, life-endangering complication...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy-associated renal cortical necrosis is a critical illness with a poor prognosis. We aimed to describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of a case series of patients with acute kidney injury in the setting of pregnancy-associated renal cortical necrosis. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients from a single center diagnosed by nonenhanced functional MRI and/or kidney pathology...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled activation of the immune system. HLH is a reactive mononuclear phagocytic response that occurs in association with a constellation of conditions such as malignancies and infections. The clinical diagnosis of HLH remains challenging because HLH can present with symptoms that significantly overlap with other causes of cytopenia, such as sepsis, autoimmune diseases, hematological cancers, and multiorgan failure...

PURPOSE: To present a case of extensive bilateral choroidal infarctions from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). METHODS: A retrospective case report. The medical and imaging records, including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and visual fields were reviewed. PATIENT: A 49-year-old female presented after a failed suicidal attempt from drug overdose...

Scrub typhus is a common cause of an acute, unexplained febrile illness. Without proper treatment, it can lead to life-threatening complications and even death. We present the case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with complaints of fever with reddish spots all over her body for 10 days and breathing difficulty for three days. She had an episode of gum bleeding just prior to admission and two episodes of hemoptysis after admission. She had severe thrombocytopenia, a low serum fibrinogen level, raised D-dimer levels, a raised activated partial thromboplastin time as well as a raised prothrombin time, and an international normalized ratio...

Anthracosis is an environmental lung disease caused by carbon deposition and pigmentation in the airways. However, in rare instances, it can also have systemic involvement. We present a patient with B-symptoms and diffuse lymphadenopathy who was diagnosed with the infrequently described nodal anthracosis. A 64-year-old Vietnamese gentleman with a 50-pack-year smoking history who was recently diagnosed with prostate cancer post-radical prostatectomy and awaiting radiation therapy presented with generalized weakness, low-grade fever, night sweats, and unquantifiable weight loss for a month...