portable kidney

Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health issues worldwide. However, diagnosis is now highly centralized in large laboratories, resulting in low access to patient monitoring and poor personalized treatments. This work reports the development of a graphene-based lab-on-a-chip (G-LOC) for the digital testing of renal function biomarkers in serum and saliva samples. G-LOC integrates multiple bioelectronic sensors with a microfluidic system that enables multiplex self-testing of urea, potassium, sodium, and chloride...

Advances in the treatment of kidney failure with chronic dialysis have stagnated over the past three decades, with over 50% of patients still managed by conventional in-hospital haemodialysis. In parallel, the demands of chronic dialysis medical care have changed and evolved due to a growing population that has higher frailty and multimorbidity. Thus, the gap between the needs of kidney failure patients and the healthcare capability to provide effective overall management has widened. To address this problem, healthcare policy has increasingly aligned towards a human-centred approach...

This paper presents a cost-effective, quantitative, point-of-care solution for urinalysis screening, specifically targeting nitrite, protein, creatinine, and pH in urine samples. Detecting nitrite is crucial for the early identification of urinary tract infections (UTIs), while regularly measuring urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios aids in managing kidney health. To address these needs, we developed a portable, transmission-based colorimeter using readily available components, controllable via a smartphone application through Bluetooth...

Urinalysis is a useful test as an indicator of health or disease and as such, is a part of routine health screening. Urinalysis can be undertaken in many ways, one of which is reagent strips used in the general evaluation of health and to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease. To be effective, the test must be performed properly, and the results interpreted correctly. However, different light conditions and colour perception can vary between users leading to ambiguous readings. This has led to camera devices being used to capture and generate the estimated biomarker concentrations, but image colour can be affected by variations in illumination and inbuilt image processing...

INTRODUCTION: Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has emerged as an important tool for examining critically ill patients. POCUS devices have become progressively smaller and more accessible, transforming medical practice, and reducing costs. One technological breakthrough was the development of ultraportable scanners with microchip technology, which utilize a probe connected to a smartphone or tablet and incorporate a mobile application that employs artificial intelligence to assist in the interpretation of acquired images...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a common problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and it is diagnosed by low muscle mass, strength and/or low physical performance. Muscle ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive portable tool that might be used for assessment of muscle mass. The aim of the current study was to investigate the concordance between muscle US and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in diagnosis of sarcopenia in HD patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 41 HD patients...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related complications. Hence, it is plausible that Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) could have a favorable impact on these complications. To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial (RCT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and OSA over 2 years. METHODS: An open-label multicenter feasibility RCT of CPAP vs no CPAP in patients with T2D and OSA...

BACKGROUND: Despite offering greater lifestyle benefits to patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), adoption of peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains low globally, particularly among minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. While automated PD (APD) affords a high potential for reducing the burden of kidney replacement therapy, understanding patient preferences is critical to guiding development of new and improved APD devices to better accommodate use in their daily lives...

PURPOSE: The goal of this preclinical study is to assess the functionality, technical feasibility, and safety of a new vascular robotic LIBERTYR 3 System, in the microcatheterization of vascular targets using a range of guidewires and microcatheters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anesthetized pig served as an arterial model for the robotic device (LIBERTYR 3; Microbot Medical Ltd, Yoqneam, IL). The primary efficacy endpoint was the evaluation of its capability to selectively catheterize predetermined distal arterial branches in the liver, kidneys, and mesenteric arteries (technical success), under fluoroscopy guidance...

Albuminuria is a crucial urine biomarker of human unhealthy events such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. However, the accurate diagnosis of albuminuria poses a significant challenge owing to the severe interference from urine fluorescence and urine drugs. Here, we report a novel flavone-based fluorescent probe, DMC, by incorporating the FA1-targeting methylquinazoline group into a flavone skeleton with the extend π-conjugation. DMC exhibited a rapid response time, high sensitivity, and selectivity towards human serum albumin (HSA) in urine...

This study presents a groundbreaking approach for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other urological disorders through an image-label-free, multi-dipstick identification method, eliminating the need for complex machinery, label libraries, or preset coordinates. Our research successfully identified reaction pads on 187 multi-dipsticks, each with 11 pads, leveraging machine learning algorithms trained on human urine data. This technique aims to surpass traditional colourimetric methods and concentration-colour curve fitting, offering more robust and precise community screening and home monitoring capabilities...

The biomarker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is widely recognized as an indicator of renal oxidative stress injury, making its detection crucial for the early identification of renal insufficiency. This study presents the design and synthesis of a tetraphenylstyrene imidazole derivative (TIPE-MI), which is utilized to create a supramolecular probe in conjunction with cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) through host-guest interactions. The resulting supramolecular self-assembly exhibits excellent optical properties and has been employed for the specific detection of 3-NT through fluorescence quenching...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the frequency of sleep apnoea (SA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), reporting different prevalence rates. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the clinical penetrance of SA in CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. METHODS: Ovid-MEDLINE and PubMed databases were explored up to 5 June 2023 to identify studies providing SA prevalence in CKD and ESKD patients assessed by different diagnostic methods, either sleep questionnaires or respiration monitoring equipment [such as polysomnography (PSG), type III portable monitors or other diagnostic tools]...

PURPOSE: In conflict zones, providers may have to decide between delaying time-sensitive surgeries or performing operative interventions in the field, potentially subjecting patients to significant infection risks. We conducted a single-arm crossover study to assess the feasibility of using an ultraportable operating room (U-OR) for surgical procedures on a porcine cadaver abdominal traumatic injury model in an active war zone. METHODS: We enrolled participants from an ASSET-type course designed to train Ukrainian surgeons before deployment to active conflict zones...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an escalating global health concern, and non-invasive means for early CKD detection is eagerly awaited. Here, we explore the potential of using home-based frequency-difference electrical impedance tomography (fdEIT) to evaluate CKD based on bio-conductivity characteristics. We performed bio-conductivity measurement in vivo paired with standard estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements on a N=126 CKD patients by EIT and traditional blood and urine tests, respectively...

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a semisupervised style transfer-assisted deep learning method for automated segmentation of the kidneys using multiphase contrast-enhanced (MCE) MRI acquisitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, institutional review board-approved study included 125 patients (mean age, 57.3 years; 67 male, 58 female) with renal masses. Cohort 1 consisted of 102 coronal T2-weighted MRI acquisitions and 27 MCE MRI acquisitions during the corticomedullary phase...

BACKGROUND: Silicon nanopore membrane-based implantable bioartificial organs are dependent on arteriovenous implantation of a mechanically robust and biocompatible hemofilter. The hemofilter acts as a low-resistance, high-flow network, with blood flow physiology similar to arteriovenous shunts commonly created for hemodialysis access. A mock circulatory loop (MCL) that mimics shunt physiology is an essential tool for refinement and durability testing of arteriovenous implantable bioartificial organs and silicon blood-interfacing membranes...

BACKGROUND: Direct lightning strikes are rare, and multiple organ systems can be involved. Prognosis is dependent on the severity of the injury. Severe myocardial injury associated with transient electrocardiogram changes, which have been previously described, is a hazardous complication. CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old man with no known past medical history presented unresponsive following a direct lightning strike while sitting in a portable toilet. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started in the field, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after 1 h...

A portable sweat urea sensing system is a promising solution to satisfy the booming requirement of kidney function tele-monitoring. However, the complicated manufacturing route and the cumbersome electrochemical testing system still need to be improved to develop the urea point-of-care testing (POCT) and tele-monitoring devices. Here, a universal technical route based on a high-throughput automatic laser printing strategy for fabricating the portable integrated urea monitoring system is proposed. This integrated system includes a high-performance laser-printed urea sensing electrode, a planar three-electrode system, and a self-developed wireless mini-electrochemical workstation...

Indophenol sulfate (IS) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) are biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes polyneuropathy (DPN), respectively. Portable and accurate monitoring of IS and MMA is very important to ensuring human health. The dense convolutional network (DenseNet) with image recognition has great potential in fluorescence sensing, but developing a platform with high precision and portability to diagnose the disease still faces huge challenges. Herein, we developed a high-sensitivity platform with a fluorescence material, a smartphone, and the DenseNet to monitor IS and MMA...