keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466094/recent-h9n2-avian-influenza-virus-lost-hemagglutination-activity-due-to-a-k141n-substitution-in-hemagglutinin
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feng Wen, Zhanfei Yan, Gaojie Chen, Yao Chen, Nina Wang, Zhili Li, Jinyue Guo, Hai Yu, Quan Liu, Shujian Huang
The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represents a significant risk to both the poultry industry and public health. Our surveillance efforts in China have revealed a growing trend of recent H9N2 AIV strains exhibiting a loss of hemagglutination activity at 37°C, posing challenges to detection and monitoring protocols. This study identified a single K141N substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein as the culprit behind this diminished hemagglutination activity. The study evaluated the evolutionary dynamics of residue HA141 and studied the impact of the N141K substitution on aspects such as virus growth, thermostability, receptor-binding properties, and antigenic properties...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464191/multi-cobra-hemagglutinin-formulated-with-cgamp-microparticles-elicit-protective-immune-responses-against-influenza-viruses
#22
Xiaojian Zhang, Hua Shi, Dylan A Hendy, Eric M Bachelder, Kristy M Ainslie, Ted M Ross
Influenza viruses cause a common respiratory disease known as influenza. In humans, seasonal influenza viruses can lead to epidemics, with avian influenza viruses of particular concern because they can infect multiple species and lead to unpredictable and severe disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine that provides protection against seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza virus strains. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a promising adjuvant for subunit vaccines that promotes type I interferons production through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway...
February 29, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461878/pacific-and-atlantic-sea-lion-mortality-caused-by-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-in-south-america
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo I Plaza, Víctor Gamarra-Toledo, Juan Rodríguez Euguí, Natalia Rosciano, Sergio A Lambertucci
We describe the evolution of the outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in sea lions (Otaria flavescens) of South America. At least 24,000 sea lions died in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil between January-October 2023. The most plausible route of infection is cohabiting with or foraging on infected birds. However, we urge a detailed evaluation of the sea lions actual source of infection given that the concomitant massive wild bird mortalities registered in the Pacific Ocean did not occur in the Atlantic Ocean...
March 8, 2024: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458047/h5n1-high-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-virus-in-migratory-birds-exhibiting-low-pathogenicity-in-mallards-increases-its-risk-of-transmission-and-spread-in-poultry
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiuyan Mao, Zhixin Li, Yuecheng Li, Yaxin Zhang, Shuo Liu, Xin Yin, Cheng Peng, Rui Ma, Jinping Li, Guangyu Hou, Wenming Jiang, Hualei Liu
In 2020, an H5N1 avian influenza virus of clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in Europe for the first time and was spread throughout the world by wild migratory birds, resulting in the culling of an unprecedented number of wild birds and poultry due to the epidemic. In February 2023, we isolated and identified a strain of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus from a swab sample from a grey crane in Ningxia, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed that the virus belonged to clade 2...
March 2, 2024: Veterinary Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455706/ginger-ring-compounds-as-an-inhibitor-of-spike-binding-protein-of-alpha-beta-gamma-and-delta-variants-of-sars-cov-2-an-in-silico-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tarique N Hasan, Syed S Naqvi, Mati Ur Rehman, Rooh Ullah, Muhammad Ammad, Narmeen Arshad, Qurat Ul Ain, Shabana Perween, Arif Hussain
The available drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVOD-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are limited. This study aimed to identify ginger-derived compounds that might neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and prevent its entry into host cells. Ring compounds of ginger were screened against spike (S) protein of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The S protein FASTA sequence was retrieved from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) and converted into "...
April 2023: Narra J
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455682/genomic-epidemiology-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-virus-in-wild-birds-in-south-korea-during-2021-2022-changes-in-viral-epidemic-patterns
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji-Yun Kim, Sol Jeong, Da-Won Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Daehun Kim, Jung-Hoon Kwon
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses have been detected in wild birds worldwide, causing recurrent outbreaks since 2016. During the winter of 2021-2022, we detected one H5N8 and forty-three H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI viruses from wild birds in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HA gene of H5N1 viruses was divided into two genetically distinct groups (N1.G1 and N1.G2). Bayesian phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that wild birds play a vital role in viral transmission and long-term maintenance...
2024: Virus Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450025/risk-factors-for-avian-influenza-in-danish-poultry-and-wild-birds-during-the-epidemic-from-june-2020-to-may-2021
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yangfan Liu, Lene Jung Kjær, Anette Ella Boklund, Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Lars Erik Larsen, Carsten Thure Kirkeby
Exploring the risk factors of avian influenza (AI) occurrence helps us to monitor and control the disease. Since late 2020, the number of avian influenza outbreaks in domestic and wild birds has increased in most European countries, including Denmark. This study was conducted to identify potential risk factors for wild birds and poultry during the epidemic in 2020/2021 in Denmark. Using Danish AI surveillance data of actively surveyed poultry and passively surveyed wild birds from June 2020 to May 2021, we calculated geographical attributes for bird locations and assessed the potential risk factors of AI detections using logistic regression analyses...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38444745/rapid-adaptive-substitution-of-l226q-in-ha-protein-increases-the-pathogenicity-of-h9n2-viruses-in-mice
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Tan, Ye Zhang, Hong Bo, Xiyan Li, Shumei Zou, Lei Yang, Jia Liu, Qi Chen, Xiaohao Xu, Wenfei Zhu, Dayan Wang
BACKGROUND: Since the first human infection with H9N2 virus was reported in 1998, the number of cases of H9N2 infection has exceeded one hundred by 2021. However, there is no systematic description of the biological characteristics of H9N2 viruses isolated from humans. METHODS: Therefore, this study analyzed the pathogenicity in mice of all available H9N2 viruses isolated from human cases in China from 2013 to 2021. RESULTS: Although most of the H9N2 viruses analyzed showed low or no pathogenicity in mice, the leucine to glutamine substitution at residue 226 (L226Q) in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein rapidly emerged during the adaptation of H9N2 viruses, and was responsible for severe infections and even fatalities...
March 2024: Infect Med (Beijing)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440013/molecular-epidemiology-of-omicron-ch-1-1-lineage-genomic-and-phenotypic-data-perspective
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yasir Mohammed A Al Qurashi, Jawaher A Abdulhakim, Samia S Alkhalil, Maymuna Alansari, Renad Almutiri, Rageed Alabbasi, Manal S Fawzy
BACKGROUND: The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 lineage) of SARS-CoV-2 represents a substantial global health challenge due to its high transmissibility and potential resistance to immunity from vaccines or previous infections. Among the rapidly evolving Omicron lineages, the BA.2.75 and the emerging CH.1.1 have garnered attention. While BA.2.75 is marked by mutations that may enhance immune evasion, CH.1.1 is distinguished by the S: L452R mutation, linked to increased pathogenicity and transmission...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435712/genetic-insights-of-h9n2-avian-influenza-viruses-circulating-in-mali-and-phylogeographic-patterns-in-northern-and-western-africa
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Idrissa Nonmon Sanogo, Claire Guinat, Simon Dellicour, Mohamed Adama Diakité, Mamadou Niang, Ousmane A Koita, Christelle Camus, Mariette Ducatez
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the H9N2 subtype have become widespread in Western Africa since their first detection in 2017 in Burkina Faso. However, the genetic characteristics and diffusion patterns of the H9N2 virus remain poorly understood in Western Africa, mainly due to limited surveillance activities. In addition, Mali, a country considered to play an important role in the epidemiology of AIVs in the region, lacks more comprehensive data on the genetic characteristics of these viruses, especially the H9N2 subtype...
2024: Virus Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435695/transboundary-determinants-of-avian-zoonotic-infectious-diseases-challenges-for-strengthening-research-capacity-and-connecting-surveillance-networks
#31
REVIEW
Jeanne M Fair, Nisreen Al-Hmoud, Mu'men Alrwashdeh, Andrew W Bartlow, Sopio Balkhamishvili, Ivane Daraselia, Annie Elshoff, Lara Fakhouri, Zura Javakhishvili, Fares Khoury, Denys Muzyka, Levan Ninua, Jean Tsao, Lela Urushadze, Jennifer Owen
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427430/avian-flu-causes-concerning-falls-in-seabird-numbers
#32
Georgina Mills
Georgina Mills discusses a new report from the RSPB describing how seabird populations have been affected by avian influenza.
March 2, 2024: Veterinary Record
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423254/transmission-restriction-and-genomic-evolution-co-shape-the-genetic-diversity-patterns-of-influenza-a-virus
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao Ding, Jingze Liu, Taijiao Jiang, Aiping Wu
Influenza A virus (IAV) shows an extensive host range and rapid genomic variations, leading to continuous emergence of novel viruses with significant antigenic variations and the potential for cross-species transmission. This causes global pandemics and seasonal flu outbreaks, posing sustained threats worldwide. Thus, studying all IAVs' evolutionary patterns and underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective prevention and control. We developed FluTyping to identify IAV genotypes, to explore overall genetic diversity patterns and their restriction factors...
February 27, 2024: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38422451/h7n6-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-in-mozambique-2023
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iolanda Vieira Anahory Monjane, Hernâni Djedje, Esmeralda Tamele, Virgínia Nhabomba, Almiro Rogério Tivane, Zacarias Elias Massicame, Dercília Mudanisse Arone, Ambra Pastori, Alessio Bortolami, Isabella Monne, Timothy Woma, Charles E Lamien, William G Dundon
On 13 October 2023, the National Directorate for Livestock Development in Mozambique was notified of a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in commercial layers. Samples were screened by real-time and conventional RT-PCR and were positive for both H7 and N6. Full genome sequences were obtained for three representative samples. Sequence analysis of the H7 cleavage site confirmed that the viruses were highly pathogenic (i.e. 333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346). In addition, the H7 and N6 sequences were highly similar (from 99...
December 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421166/pb2-residue-473-contributes-to-the-mammalian-virulence-of-h7n9-avian-influenza-virus-by-modulating-viral-polymerase-activity-via-anp32a
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miaomiao Zhang, Mingbin Liu, Hongjun Chen, Tianyi Qiu, Xuanxuan Jin, Weihui Fu, Qiaoyang Teng, Chen Zhao, Jianqing Xu, Zejun Li, Xiaoyan Zhang
Since the first human infection reported in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been regarded as a serious threat to human health. In this study, we sought to identify the virulence determinant of the H7N9 virus in mammalian hosts. By comparing the virulence of the SH/4664 H7N9 virus, a non-virulent H9N2 virus, and various H7N9-H9N2 hybrid viruses in infected mice, we first pinpointed PB2 as the primary viral factor accounting for the difference between H7N9 and H9N2 in mammalian virulence. We further analyzed the in vivo effects of individually mutating H7N9 PB2 residues different from the closely related H9N2 virus and consequently found residue 473, alongside the well-known residue 627, to be critical for the virulence of the H7N9 virus in mice and the activity of its reconstituted viral polymerase in mammalian cells...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38420817/bivalent-hemagglutinin-cleavage-site-peptide-vaccines-protect-chickens-from-lethal-infections-with-highly-pathogenic-h5n1-and-h5n6-avian-influenza-viruses
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dibakar Chowdhury, Xiao Han Lin, Sang Heui Seo
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccines that can protect chickens from infections caused by various variants of highly pathogenic H5Nx avian influenza viruses are needed owing to the continuous emergence of new variants. We previously showed that vaccines containing the H5 cleavage-site peptide from clade 2.3.4.4. H5N6 avian influenza virus protects chickens from infection with homologous clade 2...
February 6, 2024: Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38419286/effect-of-enrofloxacin-on-clinical-parameters-and-mucociliary-system-of-broilers-challenged-with-h9n2-avian-influenza-infectious-bronchitis-viruses
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Abbasnia, Najmeh Mosleh, Habibollah Dadras, Tahoora Shomali
BACKGROUND: Effect of antibacterials on mucociliary system and clinical outcome of chickens with mixed viral respiratory conditions is not properly addressed. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated enrofloxacin effects on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2/IB viruses. METHODS: Broilers (105), at the age of 25 days, were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (negative control), no treatment; Group 2 (positive control [PC]) challenged by intranasal and intraocular route...
March 2024: Veterinary Medicine and Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417340/respiratory-disease-complex-due-to-mixed-viral-infections-in-chicken-in-jordan
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Q Al-Natour, Mohammed A Rohaim, Rania F El Naggar, Mohammed A Abdelsabour, Ahmed F Afify, Yahia M Madbouly, Muhammad Munir
The global distribution of avian respiratory viruses highlights the need for effective surveillance programs and international collaboration to monitor viral circulation and implement timely control measures. In the current study, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of avian respiratory viral infections in the poultry flocks in Jordan, focusing on the major viruses involved, their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and evolution based on viroinformatics that will be helpful to improve the diagnostic methods, and control strategies including vaccines in the region...
February 16, 2024: Poultry Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417326/unraveling-frontiers-in-poultry-health-part-1-mitigating-economically-important-viral-and-bacterial-diseases-in-commercial-chicken-and-turkey-production
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yewande O Fasina, David L Suarez, George D Ritter, Elise C Gerken, Yuhua Z Farnell, Ross Wolfenden, Billy Hargis
This symposium offered up-to-date perspectives on field experiences and the latest research on significant viral and bacterial diseases affecting poultry. A highlight was the discussion on the use of enteroids as advanced in vitro models for exploring disease pathogenesis. Outcomes of this symposium included identifying the urgent need to improve the prevention and control of avian influenza by focusing research on vaccine effectiveness. In this regard, efforts should focus on enhancing the relatedness of vaccine antigen to the field (challenge) virus strain and improving immunogenicity...
February 7, 2024: Poultry Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415626/the-h9n2-avian-influenza-virus-increases-apec-adhesion-to-oviduct-epithelia-by-viral-ns1-protein-mediated-activation-of-the-tgf-%C3%AE-pathway
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinjie Han, Wenchi Chang, Junyang Fang, Xiaolan Hou, Zhijun Li, Jingyu Wang, Wen Deng
Avian influenza A (H9N2) avian influenza is a low-pathogenic avian influenza circulating in poultry and wild birds worldwide and frequently contributes to chicken salpingitis that is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), leading to huge economic losses and risks for food safety. Currently, how the H9N2 virus contributes to APEC infection and facilitates salpingitis remains elusive. In this study, in vitro chicken oviduct epithelial cell (COEC) model and in vivo studies were performed to investigate the role of H9N2 viruses on secondary APEC infection, and we identified that H9N2 virus enhances APEC infection both in vitro and in vivo ...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Virology
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