Analgesics

An 8 yr old male German shorthaired pointer was presented on July 4, 2022, for acute abdominal and testicular pain. The dog was vasectomized at an unknown age under the care of his previous owners. The dog had an enlarged, painful left testis, scrotal edema, and an enlarged, nonpainful prostate. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mild peritoneal and retroperitoneal effusion, orchiepididymitis, enlarged ductus deferentes and testicles, and suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia versus prostatitis. Peritoneal effusion cytology revealed seminoperitoneum with marked neutrophilic inflammation...

Fibromyalgia is a potentially disabling idiopathic disease characterized by widespread chronic pain associated with comorbidities such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Current therapeutic approaches present adverse effects that limit adherence to therapy. Diosmetin, an aglycone of the flavonoid glycoside diosmin found in citrus fruits and the leaves of Olea europaea L., has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Here, we investigated the effect of diosmetin on nociceptive behaviors and comorbidities in an experimental fibromyalgia model induced by reserpine in mice...

Pharmaceuticals are found in aquatic environments due to their widespread use and environmental persistence. To date, a range of impairments to aquatic organisms has been reported with exposure to pharmaceuticals; however, further comparisons of their impacts across different species on the molecular level are needed. In the present study, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the freshwater fish Japanese medaka, common model organisms in aquatic toxicity, were exposed for 48 h to the common analgesics acetaminophen (ACT), diclofenac (DCF), and ibuprofen (IBU) at sublethal concentrations...

Charcot Marie Tooth disease is a common cause of pediatric peripheral neuropathy, which can lead to distal muscle wasting and weakness necessitating orthopedic procedures. We present an eleven-year-old male with Charcot Marie Tooth disease who received peripheral nerve blocks for ankle surgery, with a total dose of 1.75 mg/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%. Upon follow-up, it was identified that the sensory blockade did not resolve until thirty-six hours, postoperatively. There were no noted long-term sequalae on surgical follow-up...

Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is a serious condition and a global health concern, accounting for a significant portion of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. It can lead to sever spinal and neurological complications. The management of ST involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical treatment, surgery and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is crucial through the course of the disease's and is tailored for each stage according to the patients' complaints, and clinical and functional complications. In the case of neurological issues due to spinal compression, rehabilitation aims at overcoming bed confinement complications, involving mobilization techniques, strengthening exercises and related vesico-sphincter disorders (urodynamics, catheterizing)...

The therapeutic benefits of opioids are compromised by the development of analgesic tolerance, which necessitates higher dosing for pain management thereby increasing the liability for dependence and addiction. Rodent models indicate opposing roles of the gut microbiota in tolerance: morphine-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates tolerance, whereas probiotics ameliorate tolerance. Not all individuals develop tolerance which could be influenced by differences in microbiota, and yet no study has capitalized upon this natural variation to identify specific features linked to tolerance...

Background: Headache management after acute brain injury (ABI) is challenging. While opioids are commonly used, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) may be promising alternatives. However, concerns about cardiovascular effects and bleeding risk have limited their use. We aimed at summarizing available data on efficacy of COXIBs for headache management following ABI. Methods: A systematic review was conducted through MEDLINE and Embase for articles published through 09/2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022320453)...

BACKGROUND: Erythromelalgia, which has primary and secondary presentations, causes heat, pain, and redness in the skin. The condition seems to have an autonomic basis, with vasomotor dysfunction causing dilatation of some blood vessels and constriction of others. No consistently effective treatments have been reported. Anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, analgesic, nutritional, and topical approaches have been tried as were lidocaine infusions, nerve blocks, and thoracic and lumbar sympathectomies...

Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a pediatric syndrome characterized by mild self-limiting sudden onset of muscle pain during or following recovery from a viral illness. The case discussed in this report is of an eight-year-old female diagnosed with the common cold after presenting to her primary care physician. Five days later, the patient presented to the emergency department with lower extremity pain. The patient was sent home with supportive care and mild analgesics. Twelve hours later, the patient was seen again in the emergency department with severe bilateral lower extremities pain and difficulty walking...

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus . It is an endemic disease in many parts of the world. Although humans are incidental hosts of the parasite, the disease sometimes results in fatal consequences. The liver and lungs are the most common sites of infection in humans. We report the case of a 45-year-old female who presented with complaints of right hypochondriac pain, fever, and cough, initially suspected as a case of liver abscess but later diagnosed as a giant calcified hydatid cyst of the liver...

OBJECTIVE: This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of transdermal opioids in managing cancer pain and their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature review conducted following the PRISMA protocol, focusing on randomized clinical trials found in the Lilacs, Embase, PubMed, and SciELO databases over the last 20 years. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: We included randomized clinical trials, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, which assessed the impact of transdermal opioids on the QoL...

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a broad class of drugs new to the illicit market that often allow passing drug-screening tests. They are characterized by a variety of structures, rapid transience on the drug scene and mostly unknown metabolic profiles, thus creating an ever-changing scenario with evolving analytical targets. The present study aims at developing an indirect screening strategy for NPS monitoring, and specifically for new synthetic opioids (NSOs), based on assessing changes in endogenous urinary metabolite levels as a consequence of the systemic response following their intake...

BACKGROUND: Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) is the most common diagnostic procedure for upper gastrointestinal diseases. It often causes discomfort and anxiety, which are only mitigated by systemic sedation. However, sedation poses additional risks of adverse cardiopulmonary events, increased medical costs, and prolonged recovery. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of acupuncture points (Acu-TENS) is a non-invasive and innovative approach that induces analgesic effect during endoscopy...

The formalin test is one approach to studying acute pain in rodents. Similar to formalin, injection with glutamate and veratrine can also produce a nociceptive response. This study investigated whether opioid-related compounds could suppress glutamate- and veratrine-induced nociceptive responses in mice at the same dose. The administration of morphine (3 mg/kg), hydromorphone (0.4 mg/kg), or fentanyl (0.03 mg/kg) suppressed glutamate-induced nociceptive response, but not veratrine-induced nociceptive response at the same doses...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children. DESIGN: Nationwide birth cohort study. SETTING: From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020, birth cohort data of pregnant women in South Korea linked to their liveborn infants from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea were collected. PARTICIPANTS: All 3 251 594 infants (paired mothers, n=2 369 322; age 32...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The analgesic action of paracetamol involves KV 7 channels, and its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine (NAPQI), a cysteine modifying reagent, was shown to increase currents through such channels in nociceptors. Modification of cysteine residues by N-ethylmaleimide, H2 O2 , or nitric oxide has been found to modulate currents through KV 7 channels. The study aims to identify whether, and if so which, cysteine residues in neuronal KV 7 channels might be responsible for the effects of NAPQI...

Botulinum neurotoxin type A BoNT/A is used off-label as a third line therapy for neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. In recent years, the role of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) in neuropathic pain became evident and it was suggested that block of sodium channels by BoNT/A would contribute to its analgesic effect. We assessed sodium channel function in the presence of BoNT/A in heterologously expressed Nav1.7, Nav1.3, and the neuronal cell line ND7/23 by high throughput automated and manual patch-clamp...

A small proportion of children with a sudden onset torticollis ('wry neck') presents with an atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation, usually after mild trauma or recent head or neck infection. Torticollis is a clinical diagnosis and imaging is usually not indicated, though often performed in clinical practice. Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation on imaging is often a physiological phenomenon in torticollis and concomitant neurological symptoms are therefore rare. Treatment is primarily conservative, with analgesics, a rigid neck collar and if needed benzodiazepines to counteract muscle spasms and anxiety...

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. Excessive APAP can induce liver toxicity, known as APAP induced liver injury (ALI). The metabolism and pathogenesis of APAP have been extensively studied in recent years, and many cellular processes such as autophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and liver regeneration have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) as a scaffold protein has also been shown to be involved in the development of various diseases, especially liver disease and tumorigenesis...