Obesity cardiovascular

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine anomalies among females of reproductive age, highlighted by hyperandrogenism. PCOS is multifactorial as it can be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PCOS also leads to dysbiosis by lowering microbial diversity and beneficial microbes, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Akkermenisa, and Bifidobacterium, and by causing a higher load of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Sutterella...

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment and decline in the general population, but less is known about how CVRFs might influence cognitive aging among older cancer survivors. We aimed to determine how CVRFs prior to a cancer diagnosis affect post-cancer diagnosis memory aging, compared to cancer-free adults, and by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Incident cancer diagnoses and memory (immediate and delayed recall) were assessed biennially in the US Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,736, 1998-2018)...

The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights the impact of early environments on chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Studies using animal models have investigated how maternal factors such as undernutrition, overnutrition, obesity, and exposure to chemicals or hypoxia affect fetal development and offspring health, leading to issues like low birth weight, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age women, effective interventions are critical...

Venous thromboembolism is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death globally and many diagnoses are preventable. The UK NHS has led international efforts to reduce VTE, particularly hospital-associated VTE, through coordinated national policy action and world-leading research. Despite this, VTE remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK, as underlined by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Future reductions in VTE incidence/deaths will require progress on several fronts: a better understanding of case mix; revisiting VTE risk assessment, focussing on thromboprophylaxis failure and improving awareness of VTE amongst clinicians and the public...

Lipid droplets are dynamic multifunctional organelles composed of a neutral lipid core and a phospholipid monolayer membrane modified by a specific set of proteins. PAT family proteins are the most characteristic lipid droplet proteins, playing an important role in regulating lipid droplet structure, function, and metabolism. The biogenesis of lipid droplets involves neutral lipid synthesis and the nucleation, budding, and growth of the lipid droplets. Lipid droplets not only serve as the energy metabolism reserve of cells but also participate in intracellular signal transduction and the development of inflammation and tumor...

BACKGROUND: Prolactinomas (PRLs) are prevalent pituitary adenomas associated with metabolic changes and increased cardiovascular morbidity. This study examined clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles in PRL patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic markers. METHODS: The study comprised data from 59 PRL patients gathered in a registry at the University Hospital of Zurich. Diagnostic criteria included MRI findings and elevated serum prolactin levels...

Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) later in life potentiate risk for late cardiovascular disease (CVD) from cardiotoxic treatment among survivors. This study evaluated the association of baseline CVRFs and CVD in the early survivorship period. Methods This analysis included patients ages 0-29 at initial diagnosis and reported in the institutional cancer registry between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1228). Patients who died within five years (n = 168), those not seen in the oncology clinic (n = 312), and those with CVD within one year of diagnosis (n = 17) were excluded...

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Gambi-jung (GBJ), a modified herbal formula of Taeumjowi-tang, induces weight loss in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Meanwhile, concerns have been raised regarding Ephedra sinica Stapf (ES), the primary herb of GBJ, having potential adverse cardiovascular effects. However, there have been no reports on the effects of ES and ephedrine-containing products on obesity-induced cardiac apoptosis. Therefore, to investigated the effect of GBJ and ES on HFD-induced cardiac apoptosis, we utilized Western blot analysis, TUNEL-staining, and histological staining of heart tissues from HFD-fed obese mice...

BACKGROUND: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) often suffer from comorbid diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia and, therefore, are susceptible to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, systemic inflammation plays a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis. The creation of atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by endothelial dysfunction driven by elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 among others, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha...

Recent studies have introduced the weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) as a viable obesity indicator that may better reflect centripetal obesity and its associated risks. In examining the connection between WWI and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), this study leveraged data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010, including 5732 participants. Our initial analysis indicated a significant positive association between WWI and PSA levels. However, subsequent models that adjusted for covariates such as age, race, and a range of metabolic and cardiovascular health-related factors revealed that the strength and significance of this relationship were attenuated...

Information on BMI and risk of developing hypertension in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is scarce, and it comes mostly from cross-sectional analyses. This study underscores a risk of developing hypertension in T1D individuals with high BMI, and this risk appears to be higher than in those with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The obesity paradox refers to a phenomenon by which obese individuals experience lower risk of mortality and even protective associations from chronic disease sequelae when compared to the non-obese and underweight population. Prior literature has demonstrated an obesity paradox after cardiac and other surgical procedures. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and perioperative complications for patients undergoing major open lower extremity arterial revascularization is unclear...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review article was to describe recent advances in our knowledge about how diabetes and metabolic syndrome are changing the face of familial hypercholesterolemia. RECENT FINDINGS: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, most commonly caused by disruption to LDL receptor function, leads to lifelong elevation of LDL cholesterol and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Familial hypercholesterolemia was originally described as a form of 'pure' hypercholesterolemia, in the sense that levels of LDL were uniquely affected...

BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular mortality continued declining from 2000 to 2019, the rate of this decrease decelerated. We aimed to assess the trends and disparities in risk factor control and treatment among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to find potential causes of the deceleration. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 55 ,021 participants, aged ≥20 years, from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included, of which 5717 were with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease...

BACKGROUND: The relationship of serial NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) measurements with changes in cardiac features and outcomes in heart failure (HF) remains incompletely understood. We determined whether common clinical covariates impact these relationships. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2 nationwide observational populations with HF, the relationship of serial NT-proBNP measurements with serial echocardiographic parameters and outcomes was analyzed, further stratified by HF with reduced versus preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, inpatient versus outpatient enrollment, age, obesity, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and attainment of ≥50% guideline-recommended doses of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and β-blockers...

SCOPE: Obesity and metabolic diseases are closely associated, and individuals who become obese are also prone to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Gut microbiota is mediated by diet and can influence host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Recent studies have suggested that improving gut microbiota through a fructooligosaccharide (FOS)-supplemented diet may ameliorate obesity and other metabolic disorders. Although accumulating evidence supports the notion of the developmental origins of health and disease, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure...

Obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease due to the coexistence of a patient with predisposing individual characteristics and an obesogenic environment. The recent acquisition of detailed knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the energetic homeostasis paved the way to more effective therapeutic hypotheses as compared to traditional treatments. Since obesity is a complex issue, it requires a multidisciplinary approach which is difficult to implement. However, new drugs appear promising. Currently, therapeutic success is discrete in the short term, but unsatisfying in the long term due to the high probability of body weight gain...

AIM: Assess effects on waist circumference from diet with or without cereal grains and with or without long-term physical exercise. BACKGROUND: Elevated waist circumference is an indicator of increased abdominal fat storage and is accordingly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This is likely due to the association between lifestyle-induced changes in waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors. Reductions in waist circumference may be facilitated by diet without cereal grains combined with long-term physical exercise...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of central obesity plus ≥two metabolic/cardiovascular risk factors (RF), with inflammation being a major disease-driving mechanism. Structured endurance exercise training (ET) may positively affect these traits, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2 peak). AIMS: We explore individual ET-mediated improvements of MetS-associated RF in relation to improvements in V̇O2 peak and inflammatory profile...

Phthalate esters (PE), a significant class of organic compounds used in industry, can contaminate humans and animals by entering water and food chains. Recent studies demonstrate the influence of PE on the development and progression of heart diseases, particularly in obese people. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) was administered orally to normal and diet-induced obese mice in this research to assess cardiovascular risk. The modifications in the microbial composition and metabolites were examined using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis...