PET-CT pleural

BACKGROUND: SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (SD-NSCLC) is a relatively rare tumor, which occurs in 5-10% of NSCLC. Based on World Health Organization thoracic tumor classification system, SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SD-UT) is recognized as a separate entity from SD-NSCLC. Differentiation between SD-NSCLC and SD-UT is often difficult due to shared biological continuum, but often required for choosing appropriate treatment regimen. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify the clinicopathologic, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT imaging features of SD-NSCLC...

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, demands precise prognostic indicators for effective management. The presence of spread through air space (STAS) indicates adverse tumor behavior. However, comparative differences between 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT) and CT in predicting STAS in lung adenocarcinoma remain inadequately explored. This retrospective study analyzes preoperative CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT features to predict STAS, aiming to identify key predictive factors and enhance clinical decision-making...

The pleura is a thin, smooth, soft-tissue structure that lines the pleural cavity and separates the lungs from the chest wall, consisting of the visceral and parietal pleurae and physiologic pleural fluid. There is a broad spectrum of normal variations and abnormalities in the pleura, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening. Pneumothorax is associated with pulmonary diseases and is caused by iatrogenic or traumatic factors. Chest radiography and US help detect pneumothorax with various signs, and CT can also help assess the causes...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, regional lymph nodal metastases and subsequent distant site metastases are more common. Up to approximately 2% to 5% of cSCCs can result in distant metastases. Prognosis is dismal, and median survival is distinctly shortened in case of distant metastatic disease. Diffuse pleural metastases with distinctive overarching unilateral involvement are uncommon. Cutaneous SCC commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bones, and skin...

We present an interesting case of mediastinal small cell carcinoma (MSCC), an exceedingly rare entity, comorbid with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A 66-year-old female was first seen in the pulmonology office for abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) findings of right apical bronchiectasis and subpleural fibrotic changes with focal pleural thickening along the fissures, along with a right lower lobe nodule. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) showed an obstructive pattern with modest bronchodilator response, although subsequent PFT showed a worsening restrictive pattern with a worsening DLCO...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In lung cancer, visceral pleural invasion (VPI) affects the selection of surgical methods, the scope of lymph node dissection and the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative or intraoperative prediction and diagnosis of VPI of lung cancer is helpful for choosing the best treatment plan and improving the prognosis of patients. This review aims to summarize the research progress of the clinical significance of VPI assessment, the intraoperative diagnosis technology of VPI, and various imaging methods for preoperative prediction of VPI...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the image characteristics associated with low 18F-FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) avidity among 8-15 mm solid lung cancer. METHODS: Patients satisfying the following criteria were included: underwent surgery between January 2014 and December 2019 for lung cancer, presented 8-15 mm nodule without measurable ground glass component on preoperative CT, and underwent 18F-FDG PET before resection. Image characteristics, including air bronchogram, concave shape, pleural attachment, and background emphysema, were evaluated by two board-certified radiologists...

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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer screening with low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) reduces mortality in high-risk subjects. Cigarette smoking is linked to up to 90% of lung cancer deaths. Even more so, it is a key risk factor for many other cancers and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The Smokers health Multiple ACtions (SMAC-1) trial aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated program based on the early detection of smoking-related thoraco-cardiovascular diseases in high-risk subjects, combined with primary prevention...

We describe the case of a 43-year-old female with hereditary hemochromatosis, previously without cardiac issues, who presented with a severe fever (>40 to 41 °C) to our hospital. Initial assessments, including transthoracic echocardiography, showed no typical signs of infective endocarditis. A contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a hypodense area in the right subscapular muscle, alongside pleural thicknesses. Due to the critical condition, a central venous catheter (CVC) was implanted for immediate intravenous treatment...

BACKGROUND: Coincidental extracardiac findings with increased perfusion were reported during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with various retention radiotracers. Clinical parametric O-15-H2 O PET MPI yielding quantitative measures of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was recently implemented at our facility. We aim to explore whether similar extracardiac findings are observed using O-15-H2 O. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients (2963) were scanned with O-15-H2 O PET MPI according to international guidelines and extracardiac findings were collected...

INTRODUCTION: Primary pleural epithelial angiosarcoma (EAS) is an extremely rare tumor with no specific clinical symptoms. Clinical data on primary pleural EAS are limited, and misdiagnosis often occurs. CASE PRESENTATION: The present study reports the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed with primary pleural EAS with lung and bone metastases. The patient presented with persistent right chest pain for 5 months and dyspnea for 2 months. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed right hydropneumothorax, diffuse thickening of the right pleura, passive atelectasis, and scattered nodules in the left lung...

A 56-year-old man presented with dyspnea secondary to pulmonary emboli and dilated cardiomyopathy. His past medical history included a history of emergency laparotomy, splenectomy, and splenic flexure resection following a gunshot injury 30 years ago. CT and MRI imaging demonstrated multiple homogeneously enhancing lobulated lesions at the left-sided pleura and chest wall with an irregular calcified spleen. The aforementioned lesions demonstrated a similar level of tracer uptake to the splenic activity with no evidence of other FDG avid malignancy on the follow-up 18 F-FDG PET study...

The objective of this study was retrospectively to analyze the clinical characteristics and 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings in Meigs syndrome (MS) patients. A total of 21 patients with MS induced by ovarian stromal tumors and 69 patients with pseudo-MS caused by ovarian cancer (OC-PMS) were subjected to evaluation using 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Visual and semi-quantitative methods were employed to analyze the PET/CT findings. Visual analysis included recording whether the density of the primary tumor was uniform, whether there were cystic changes and calcifications, and the location of serous fluid accumulation...

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive tumor originating from pleural mesothelial cells. Distant skeletal muscle metastasis is rare in MPM. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with epithelioid MPM and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy 2 years ago. During follow-up, diffuse irregular pleural thickening with focal chest wall invasion in the right hemithorax and two small pleural thickenings in the left hemithorax were seen on control diagnostic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT)...

BACKGROUND: Pleural biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of pleural malignancy but a significant proportion will have an inconclusive biopsy despite ongoing clinical suspicion of malignancy. We investigated whether positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) targeted pleural biopsy is superior to standard CT-guided pleural biopsy following an initial non-diagnostic biopsy. METHODS: The TARGET trial was a multicentre, parallel group randomised trial...

PURPOSE: Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) can be complications in tumor patients, and both involve the pulmonary interstitium and have similar imaging findings. Our objective was to distinguish PS and PLC on 18F-FDG PET/CT images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors reviewed 18F-FDG PET/CT data of PS and PLC, diagnosed based on histopathology and imaging, in patients with tumors from July 2015 to January 2023. Three independent readers performed a blinded comparative analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT signs in all patients...

Pulmonary nodules often present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiology, ranging from benign to malignant conditions. We discuss the diagnostic journey of a 71-year-old female patient with a history of kidney stones, who was incidentally found to have a pleural-based pulmonary nodule during a CT urogram. Subsequent imaging showed nodule growth, prompting further investigations, including a PET/CT scan and CT-guided biopsy, which yielded inconclusive results. A multidisciplinary approach recommended surgical resection, revealing three mobile calcified-like nodules within the pleural space, later identified as hyalinized nodules...

BACKGROUND: Lung-sparing procedures, specifically segmentectomies and wedge resections, have increased over the years to treat early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigate here the perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent robotic-assisted segmentectomy (RAS) at an NCI-designated cancer center and aim to show associations between the preoperative standard update value (SUV) to tumor stage, recurrence patterns, and overall survival. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 166 consecutive patients who underwent RAS at a single institution from 2010 to 2021...

Radiopharmaceuticals can accumulate in malignant or nonmalignant pleural effusion on γ and PET imaging, and effusion shows a pattern of diffusely or focally increased activity. Herein, we report atypical layering of FDG in pleural effusion on PET/CT of 3 patients with metastatic gynecological cancer.