Marcelo Brito, Rosilene Rufatto, José Diego Brito-Sousa, Felipe Murta, Vanderson Sampaio, Patrícia Balieiro, Djane Baía-Silva, Vanessa Castro, Brenda Alves, Aline Alencar, Stephan Duparc, Penny Grewal Daumerie, Isabelle Borghini-Fuhrer, Elodie Jambert, Cássio Peterka, Francisco Edilson Lima, Leonardo Carvalho Maia, Catherine Lucena Cruz, Bruna Maciele, Mariana Vasconcelos, Myrna Machado, Elder Augusto Figueira, Antônio Alcirley Balieiro, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Marcus Lacerda
BACKGROUND: Prevention of Plasmodium vivax malaria recurrence is essential for malaria elimination in Brazil. We evaluated the real-world effectiveness of an updated treatment algorithm for P vivax radical cure in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: In this non-interventional observational study, we used retrospective data from the implementation of a P vivax treatment algorithm at 43 health facilities in Manaus and Porto Velho, Brazil. The treatment algorithm consisted of chloroquine (25 mg/kg over 3 days) and point-of-care quantitative glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing followed by single-dose tafenoquine 300 mg (G6PD normal, aged ≥16 years, not pregnant and not breastfeeding), 7-day primaquine 0·5 mg/kg per day (G6PD intermediate or normal, aged ≥6 months, not pregnant, and not breastfeeding or breastfeeding for >1 month), or primaquine 0·75 mg/kg per week for 8 weeks (G6PD deficient, aged ≥6 months, not pregnant, and not breastfeeding or breastfeeding for >1 month)...
March 4, 2024: Lancet Infectious Diseases