Pathological gambling

The wide application of Ag-loaded TiO2 nanohybrids photocatalysts on environment and energy increases the lung exposure risk to humans. Ag/TiO2 nanohybrids inhalation can cause pulmonary toxicity, and there are concerns about whether the loaded silver can be released and cause toxic effects on extrapulmonary organs. Therefore, in this study, the possible biotransformation, biodistribution, and toxicity of oropharyngeal aspirated Ag/TiO2 nanohybrids were investigated first time in vitro and in vivo to answer this question...

BACKGROUND: Cryptocurrencies are a popular investment tool today. However, some studies highlight the investing behavior of cryptocurrencies similar to pathological gambling. Investing behavior becomes risky when it is not based on proper and adequate analysis and carries the possibility of big losses as well as big gains. For this reason, we aimed to determine the potential risky investor profile by age, gender, personality traits and impulsivity levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six hundred and fifty-four cryptocurrencies investors (529 was male, 125 was female, their mean age was 35...

PURPOSE: Risk-reducing surgery for cancer prevention in solid tumors is a pressing clinical topic because of the increasing availability of germline genetic testing. We examined the short- and long-term outcomes of risk-reducing total gastrectomy (RRTG) and its lesser-known impacts on health-related quality of life (QOL) in individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. METHODS: Individuals who underwent RRTG as part of a single-institution natural history study of hereditary gastric cancers were examined...

Humans are subject to a variety of cognitive biases, such as the framing-effect or the gambler's fallacy, that lead to decisions unfitting of a purely rational agent. Previous studies have shown that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in making rational decisions and that stronger vmPFC activity is associated with attenuated cognitive biases. Accordingly, dysfunctions of the vmPFC are associated with impulsive decisions and pathological gambling. By applying a gambling paradigm in a between-subjects design with 33 healthy adults, we demonstrate that vmPFC excitation via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduces the framing-effect and the gambler's fallacy compared to sham stimulation...

INTRODUCTION: Shopping can provide a sense of satisfaction and pleasure; however, if a person's excessive involvement in this behavior starts to negatively impact other aspects of their life, similar to other addictive behaviors like excessive internet use, gaming, and gambling, it may be classified as pathological. Given the lack of agreement regarding the classification of excessive shopping tendencies as a separate mental health condition or addictive behavior, taking a socio-emotional approach to explore the psychological factors that precede this behavior, may offer a better comprehension of it...

With advancements in the field of digital pathology, there has been a growing need to compare the diagnostic abilities of pathologists using digitized whole slide images against those when using traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained glass slides for primary diagnosis. One of the most common specimens received in pathology practices is an endoscopic gastric biopsy with a request to rule out Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The current standard of care is the identification of the organisms on H&E-stained slides...

Gaming Disorder (GD) is one of the latest additions in the psychiatric taxonomy, following its official inclusion in the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This narrative review examines the rationale of an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of GD, that of disordered gaming being limited exclusively during an episode of elevated mood in bipolar disorder. The history of the formulation of diagnostic criteria for the disorder and all relevant published studies are examined critically, and conclusions are drawn as to the potential validity and usability of the exclusion criterion...

BACKGROUND: Gambling disorder is an emerging problem among young adults and must be researched to provide the necessary support. This study aims to characterise gambling disorders in Porto's university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study distributed an online questionnaire to Porto's university students. The authors developed a self-administered questionnaire that included the South Oaks Gambling Screen questionnaire-Portuguese Version (SOGS-PV). RESULTS: A total of 1123 responses were included...

Women with germline pathogenic variants in CDH1, which encodes E-cadherin protein, are at increased lifetime risk of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The associated tumor characteristics of hereditary lobular breast carcinoma (HLBC) in this high-risk population are not well-known. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the imaging and pathologic features of HLBC compared to population-based ILC using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. One hundred fifty-eight women with CDH1 variants were evaluated, of whom 48 (30%) also had an ILC diagnosis...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine potential relationships and gender differences between cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, respiratory-related disorders, and gambling disorder (GD). We hypothesized that (1) GD patients would be more likely than controls to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases; and (2) females with GD would be more likely than men with GD to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases. STUDY DESIGN: National retrospective case-control study...

Background and Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. It is characterized by the presence of not only typical motor symptoms but also several less known and aware non-motor symptoms (NMS). The group of disorders included in the NMS is Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs). ICDs are a group of disorders in which patients are unable to resist temptations and feel a strong, pressing desire for specific activities such as gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying...

Endoscopic biopsies from the ampulla of Vater are challenging due to specimen sampling limitation, small size, interventional artifacts, and the nature of local complex anatomy. We retrospectively reviewed 318 in-house ampulla of Vater biopsy specimens from 252 patients over a 10-year period. The biopsy findings were compared to those in subsequent biopsy and/or resection specimens. Of the 318 biopsy cases, 104 (32.7 %) cases were diagnosed as adenoma (96 with low-grade dysplasia; 8 with high-grade dysplasia), 19 (6...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to clinically evaluate the impulse control disorders (ICDs) encountered in treating Parkinson's disease. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis between 2010 and 2022. We retrieved the medical records of all patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The demographic and clinical findings were recorded. ICDs constituted a specific item in the examination, and each one (compulsive shopping, compulsive eating, pathological gambling, hypersexuality, punding, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and hobbyism) was noted separately...

Gambling among college students can start as a pastime activity. However, this pastime can lead to problem gambling and pathological gambling. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and explain the initiation and sustenance of quitting gambling among university students who had participated in gambling during the past month and those who had not using a novel fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. Data were collected from a sample of 1474 university students at a large southwestern university in the U...

Reward uncertainty can sensitize reward pathways, promoting increased reward-seeking and -taking behaviours. This is relevant to human conditions such as pathological gambling, eating disorders and drug addiction. In the context of addiction, preclinical self-administration procedures have been developed to model the intermittency of human drug use. These intermittent-access (IntA) procedures involve intermittent but predictable access to drug during self-administration sessions. However, human drug use typically involves intermittent and unpredictable drug access...

Although the prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) and problem gambling has remained stable in recent years, the expansion of legalized gambling is considered a public health problem leading to significant personal, familial, and social impacts. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of various physiotherapy interventions on the symptoms of patients with GD. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in December 2022, using descriptors related to physiotherapy and GD in ten databases...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In 1561, physician and philosopher Pascasius Justus Turq published a monograph on the description and treatment of pathological gambling. When the monograph came to the attention of the authors in 2006, there existed no known translation of it in any modern language. In 2014, it was translated and published in French. This paper analyses the monograph's key content elements and its place in the history of the concept of addiction. METHODS: A contextual analysis of the late Italian Renaissance, followed by key excerpts from the text and commentaries on the meaning and significance of the monograph...

Models of the central nervous system (CNS) must recapitulate the complex network of interconnected cells found in vivo. The CNS consists primarily of neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Due to increasing efforts to replace and reduce animal use, a variety of in vitro cell culture systems have been developed to explore innate cell properties, which allow the development of therapeutics for CNS infections and pathologies. Whilst certain research questions can be addressed by human-based cell culture systems, such as (induced) pluripotent stem cells, working with human cells has its own limitations with regard to availability, costs, and ethics...

The rapid growth of fantasy sports might facilitate constant play and harm. Micro-betting allows constant and impulsive betting, possibly augmenting the risk for gambling disorder. This work provides a rapid scoping review of recent publications regarding micro-betting and fantasy sports betting, including characteristics, prevalence, and causes across different age groups. A search in the PubMed database was set for November 2014-November 2019, with inclusion criteria of human studies and written in English...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increasingly, gambling features migrate into non-gambling platforms (e.g., online gaming) making gambling exposure and problems more likely. Therefore, exploring how to best treat gambling disorder (GD) remains important. Our aim was to review systematically and quantitatively synthesize the available evidence on psychological intervention for GD. METHODS: Records were identified through searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychological intervention for GD via six academic databases without date restrictions until February 3, 2023...