BEME

BACKGROUND: Given the positive outcomes of patient-centred care on health outcomes, future doctors should learn how to deliver patient-centred care. The literature describes a wide variety of educational interventions with standardized patients (SPs) that focus on learning patient-centredness. However, it is unclear which mechanisms are responsible for learning patient-centredness when applying educational interventions with SPs. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to clarify how healthcare learners and professionals learn patient-centredness through interventions involving SPs in different healthcare educational contexts...

Background: Medical education has emphasized the importance of integrating medical humanities training into the curriculum to benefit medical and nursing students' future practice, featuring in the list of national funding priorities for healthcare education research in Taiwan for many years. However, the extent to which this drive has resulted in medical humanities training, what rationales underpin its inclusion, and its efficacy is largely unknown. This study aims to address these issues across medical humanities programs within the Taiwanese context...

Educational experiences that are active, contextual, integrated, engaging, and student-owned leads to deeper learning. In integrated medical curricula across the globe the impetus is on integration, collaboration and peer learning that involves students working in small groups to discuss concepts or find solutions to problems. Collaborative learning commonly occurs in the labs (anatomy, histology & pathology) where students learn /dissect/taught in teams. In spite of these learning experiences, the implicit objectives of a course are evident to students from the nature of its examinations...

Collaborative learning cases (CLC) is a new model of teaching and learning in healthcare education based on patient problems. Basic medical sciences and clinical sciences are integrated in case-based scenarios simulating with real-life situations1 . The most common problem in the medical curriculum is that medical students have poor understanding of clinical conditions due to the inability to apply basic concepts to clinical practice. This is largely due to some curricula having a didactic teaching pedagogy with a teacher-centric and discipline-specific format along with content overload...

BACKGROUND: Care delivery in neonatology is dependent on an interprofessional team. Collaborative learning and education amongst professionals can lead to successful management of critically ill patients. This focused BEME review synthesized the components, outcomes, and impact of such interprofessional education (IPE) programs in neonatal medicine. METHODS: The authors systematically searched four online databases and hand-searched MedEdPublish up to 10 September 2020...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic spurred an abrupt transition away from in-person educational activities. This systematic review investigated the pivot to online learning for nonclinical undergraduate medical education (UGME) activities and explored descriptions of educational offerings deployed, their impact, and lessons learned. METHODS: The authors systematically searched four online databases and conducted a manual electronic search of MedEdPublish up to December 21, 2020...

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease was declared a pandemic in March 2020, which necessitated adaptations to medical education. This systematic review synthesises published reports of medical educational developments and innovations that pivot to online learning from workplace-based clinical learning in response to the pandemic. The objectives were to synthesise what adaptations/innovation were implemented (description), their impact (justification), and 'how' and 'why' these were selected (explanation and rationale)...

INTRODUCTION: Little is known of processes by which feedback affects learners to influence achievement. This review maps what is known of how learners interact with feedback, to better understand how feedback affects learning strategies, and to explore enhancing and inhibiting factors. METHODS: Pilot searching indicated a wide range of interpretations of feedback and study designs, prompting the use of scoping methodology. Inclusion criteria comprised: (i) learners (undergraduate, postgraduate, continuing education) who regularly receive feedback, and (ii) studies that associated feedback with subsequent learner reaction...

BACKGROUND: Large discrepancies exist between standards of healthcare provision in high-income (HICs) and low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The root cause is often financial, resulting in poor infrastructure and under-resourced education and healthcare systems. Continuing professional education (CPE) programmes improve staff knowledge, skills, retention, and practice, but remain costly and rare in low-resource settings. One potential solution involves healthcare education collaborations between institutions in HICs and LMICs to provide culturally appropriate CPE in LMICs...

INTRODUCTION: In an effort to increase the rigour of evaluation in health professions education (HPE), a range of evaluation approaches are used. These largely focus on outcome evaluation as opposed to programme evaluation. We aim to review and critique the use of outcome evaluation models, using the Kirkpatrick Model as an example given its wide acceptance and use, and advocate for the use of programme evaluation models that help us understand how and why outcomes are occurring. METHODS: We systematically searched OVID medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Pubmed, and hand searched six leading HPE journals to provide an overview of the use of the Kirkpatrick Model as well as a range of programme evaluation models in HPE...

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are increasingly being used in undergraduate medical education. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR technologies for improving knowledge and skills in medical students. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Using Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) collaboration guidelines, we will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for English-language records, from January 1990 to March 2021...

The aim of this study was to compare virtual reality simulation with other methods of teaching interventional radiology. We searched multiple databases-Cochrane Library; Medline (PubMed); Embase; Trip Medical; Education Resources Information Center; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Scientific Electronic Library Online; and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature-for studies comparing virtual reality simulation and other methods of teaching interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) Collaboration...

Birdsong overlapping may either indicate communicative interaction between birds or be a simple coincidence. We developed a program that allowed us to mathematically modulate the independent singing of birds with a given level of song rate. This permitted us to statistically evaluate whether song overlapping is a random coincidence or real acoustic interactions between birds. Analysis of automatic recording (Song Meter SM4) of singing detected the cases of reliable acoustic interactions between both conspecific and heterospecific individuals...

PURPOSE: Descriptive psychopathology (DP, sometimes called psychopathology or phenomenology) is the language of psychiatry and is dedicated to the description of mental symptoms. Due to its importance, there is an ongoing case to put it back at the heart of psychiatry and its training. This study seeks to examine the literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP, including reported educational interventions and educational methods. METHOD: The authors conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA and BEME guidelines to identify literature on how to train psychiatry residents in DP...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has fundamentally altered how education is delivered. Gordon et al. previously conducted a review of medical education developments in response to COVID-19; however, the field has rapidly evolved in the ensuing months. This scoping review aims to map the extent, range and nature of subsequent developments, summarizing the expanding evidence base and identifying areas for future research. METHODS: The authors followed the five stages of a scoping review outlined by Arskey and O'Malley...

OBJECTIVE: Despite the increasing number of people with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities (ID), and developmental disabilities (DDs), individuals with these conditions continue to have high levels of unmet physical and mental health needs. Robust training of health professionals can help bridge this gap. A systematic review was conducted to describe the features and educational outcomes of existing postgraduate medical education curricula to inform the development of future training to address the growing unmet care needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) such as ASD and ID...

BACKGROUND: Professionalism is a core competency of medical residents in residency programs. Unprofessional behavior has a negative influence on patient safety, quality of care, and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this scoping review is to map the range of teaching methods of professionalism in medical residency programs (in all specialties and in any setting, whether in secondary, primary, or community care settings). For doing so, all articles which are written in English in any country, regardless of their research design and regardless of the residents' gender, year of study, and ethnic group will be reviewed...

Testosterone and corticosterone are steroid hormones that regulate various aspects of bird behavior. The dynamics of blood level of these hormones depending on the stage of the life cycle have been studied in many species. It has been shown for both sexes that the levels of both hormones rise during the breeding season. We have studied changes in the level of these hormones in the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) during a year. This has been the first study of this type on northern goshawk. We collected blood samples from 16 adult northern goshawks kept in pairs in aviaries in the VITASFERA Rare Bird Species Breeding Center...

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. This rapid systematic review synthesised published reports of medical educational developments in response to the pandemic, considering descriptions of interventions, evaluation data and lessons learned. METHODS: The authors systematically searched four online databases and hand searched MedEdPublish up to 24 May 2020. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, performed data extraction and assessed risk of bias for included articles...

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge syntheses in medical education are intended to promote the translation to, and mobilization of, research knowledge into practice. Despite the effort invested in conducting them, how these knowledge syntheses are used is unclear. This study aimed to explore how knowledge syntheses published by the Best Evidence Medical Education Collaboration (BEME) have been used in a cross-section of published literature. METHODS: Citation patterns for BEME reviews were explored using data drawn from Web of Science and Scopus, and a sub-sample of citing papers...