Anti inflammatory enzyme therapy

In order to combat various infectious diseases, the utilization of host-directed therapies as an alternative to chemotherapy has gained a lot of attention in the recent past, since it bypasses the existing limitations of conventional therapies. The use of host epigenetic enzymes like histone lysine methyltransferases and lysine demethylases as potential drug targets has successfully been employed for controlling various inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and acute leukemia. In our earlier study, we have already shown that the functional knockdown of KDM6B and ASH1L in the experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis has resulted in a significant reduction of organ parasite burden...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip, commonly known as feverfew, has been traditionally used to treat fever, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Parthenolide (PTL), the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the shoots of feverfew, is a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Previous studies showed that PTL exerts anticancer activity in various cancers, including hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer...

Phytotherapy is an attractive strategy to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that could be especially useful in developing countries. We previously demonstrated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of the total ethereal extract from the Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) calyces in TNBS-induced colitis. This work investigates the therapeutic potential of Peruviose A and B, two sucrose esters that constitute the major metabolites of its calyces. The effect of the Peruvioses A and B mixture on TNBS-induced colitis was studied after 3 (preventive) and 15-days (therapy set-up) of colitis induction in rats...

OBJECTIVE: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the prevalent respiratory disease of acute inflammation with high morbidity and mortality. Fortunellin has anti-inflammation property, but its role in ALI remains elusive. Thus, this study clarified the function of fortunellin on ALI pathogenesis. METHODS: The ALI mouse model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and lung tissue damage was evaluated utilizing hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The edema of lung tissue was measured by the lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio...

Prolonged inflammation leads to the genesis of various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's, etc. The uncontrolled inflammatory response is characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), and inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Hence, the downregulation of these inflammatory mediators is an active therapy to control aberrant inflammation and tissue damage...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent nasal inflammatory disorder, and pyroptosis plays a crucial role in aggravating AR. Current medications for AR treatment still have deficiencies, and finding new agents is of great interest. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD), an ancient Chinese medicine, is now commonly used to treat AR, which has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but its underlying mechanism is unknown. AIM OF THIS STUDY: This study aims to evaluate the effects of MFXD on AR and explore its potential mechanisms in view of the regulatory effect on pyroptosis...

Given the challenge of multidrug resistance in antibiotics, non-antibiotic-dependent antibacterial strategies show promise for anti-infective therapy. V2 C MXene-based nanomaterials have demonstrated strong biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the limitation of V2 C MXene's laser irradiation to the near-infrared region I (NIR-I) restricts tissue penetration, making it difficult to achieve complete bacterial eradication with single-effect therapeutic strategies...

Lysosomal enzyme deficiency in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation leading to pain and limited physical function. Disease-modifying treatments for MPS I, enzyme replacement, and hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT), do not completely resolve MPS I symptoms, particularly skeletal manifestations. The GAG reduction, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and tissue remodeling properties of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) may provide disease-modifying treatment for musculoskeletal symptoms and joint inflammation in MPS I following ERT and/or HSCT...

Allergic asthma (AA) is a common breathing disorder clinically characterized by the high occurrence of acute and continuous inflammation. However, the current treatment options for AA are lacking in effectiveness and diversity. In this study, we determined that the cell membrane receptor of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was highly overexpressed on the inflammatory cells that infiltrate the pulmonary tissues in AA cases. Therefore, we developed a GGT-specific dendrimer-dexamethasone conjugate (GSHDDC) that could be administered via aerosol inhalation to treat AA in a rapid and sustained manner...

AIM: Previous research has indicated that preoperative beta blocker therapy is associated with a decreased risk of complications after surgery for rectal cancer. This is thought to arise because of the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug. These results need to be reproduced and analyses extended to other drugs with such properties, as this information might be useful in clinical decision-making. The main aim of this work was to replicate previous findings of beta blocker use as a prognostic marker for postoperative leakage...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that primarily manifests as demyelination of neuronal axons in the central nervous system, due to the loss or attack of oligodendroglia cells that form myelin. Stem cell therapy has shown promising results for the treatment of MS due to its capability to halt the immune attack, stop apoptosis and axonal degeneration, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Stem cell-derived Exosomes (Exosomes) have shown great capabilities for neuronal diseases as they have growth factors, complex sets of miRNA, enzymes, proteins, major peptides, lipids, and macromolecules with anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis activities...

For the potential therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has gradually gained worldwide interest in the progression of AD. This study used a pharmacophore-based virtual screening (VS) approach to identify Z32439948 as a new BChE inhibitor. Aiding by molecular docking and molecular dynamics, essential binding information was disclosed. Specifically, a subpocket was found and structure-guided design of a series of novel compounds was conducted. Derivatives were evaluated in vitro for cholinesterase inhibition and physicochemical properties (BBB, log  P , and solubility)...

PURPOSE: The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) are generally reported to have antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects and commonly used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and antioxidant activity of PFA on busulfan-induced testicular dysfunction, histological damage, oxidative stress (OS), sperm quality, and hormone levels using a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups: control, busulfan-only treated, and varying concentrations of PFA (100 and 200 mg/kg) with busulfan...

The search for mechanism-based anti-inflammatory therapies is of fundamental importance to avoid undesired off-target effects. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity is a potential molecular target for anti-inflammatory drugs because it fuels arachidonic acid needed to synthesize inflammation mediators, such as prostaglandins. Herein, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanism by which β-keto amyrin isolated from a methanolic extract of Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. Leaves can inhibit inflammation caused by Daboia russellii viper (DR) venom that mainly contains PLA2 ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2 R) combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on respiratory efficiency and diaphragm function in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) received mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Sixty patients with mild to moderate ARDS admitted to the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled, and they were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group...

BACKGROUND: Given the high level of product complexity and limited regulatory guidance, designing and implementing appropriate potency assays is often the most challenging part of establishing a quality control testing matrix for a cell-based medicinal product. Among the most elusive tasks are the selection of suitable read-out parameters, the development of assay designs that most closely model the pathophysiological conditions, and the validation of the methods. Here we describe these challenges and how they were addressed in developing an assay that measures the anti-inflammatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in an M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory environment...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) challenged current beliefs about the potential role of micronutrients to attenuate the inflammatory response and improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview and critical discussion about most recent clinical trials, which evaluated the clinical significance of a vitamin C, vitamin D, or selenium administration in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS: None of the most recent large-scale RCTs could demonstrate any clinical benefits for a micronutrient administration in ICU patients, whereas a recent RCT indicated harmful effects, if high dose vitamin C was administered in septic patients...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by an imbalance between (synthesis) and catabolism (degradation) in altered homeostasis of articular cartilage mediated primarily by the innate immune system. OA degenerates the joints resulting in synovial hyperplasia, degradation of articular cartilage with damage of the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix, subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of function...

Edema is an accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues that affects millions of Americans yearly. It can affect multiple body parts, for example, the brain or eyes, but often occurs in the periphery, including the feet and legs. Medications, such as dihydropyridine and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), can be the etiology of edema. Edema can develop in association with problems in the vasculature or lymphatic flow. In recent years, a better understanding of these drug-induced mechanisms has been appreciated. Specifically, dihydropyridines can increase hydrostatic pressure and cause selective pre-capillary vessel vasodilation...

INTRODUCTION: This study assesses the accuracy of neutrophil activation markers, including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and calprotectin, as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also analyse the relationship between NETs and various types of therapies as well as their association with autoimmunity. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study of patients with RA receiving treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors) for at least 3 months...