Geometric morphometry

OBJECTIVE: Precise hip joint morphometry measurement from CT images is crucial for successful preoperative arthroplasty planning and biomechanical simulations. Although deep learning approaches have been applied to clinical bone surgery planning, there is still a lack of relevant research on quantifying hip joint morphometric parameters from CT images. APPROACH: This paper proposes a deep learning workflow for CT-based hip morphometry measurement. For the first step, a coarse-to-fine deep learning model is designed for accurate reconstruction of the hip geometry (3D bone models and key landmark points)...

In order to know the morphological variations of Goyazana castelnaui, we conducted an ontogenetic study from the first crab stage to the adult stage using geometric morphometry. We studied 36 females, 43 males and 162 juveniles collected in the Pajeú River, Brazil. We photographed crabs' carapace, pleon and right cheliped with they arranged parallel to the plane, afterwards landmarks and semi-landmarks were strategically distributed in the images. Through principal components analysis, we observed that the variation occurred mainly in the frontal and posterior region of the carapace...

AIMS: To extract vertex-wise features of the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) and further evaluate their discriminatory efficacy. METHODS: High-resolution 3D-T1 data were collected from 68 PD-MCI, 211 PD-NC, and 100 matched healthy controls (HC). Surface geometric features were captured using surface conformal representation, and surfaces were registered to a common template using fluid registration...

INTRODUCTION: Maxillary surgery alone can be proposed for the surgical management of class III malocclusion, but anticipating outcomes for the labiomental muscle complex is challenging due to the mandibular autorotation phenomenon. The objective of this study was to quantify the mandibular and labiomental movements induced by maxillary osteotomy alone in the management of class III malocclusion according to different clinical and surgical variables. METHODS: The post-operative changes in mandibular and labiomental shapes were studied by geometric morphometry from the pre- and post-operative lateral cephalometric radiograph of 25 patients...

OBJECTIVE: Differences in complexity of cranial suture forms on the endocranial (i.e., deep) and ectocranial (i.e., superficial) skull surfaces have been noted in the literature, indicating through thickness three-dimensional (3D) suture variability depending on the chosen section and necessity for considering the complete 3D structure in many cases. This study aims to evaluate the variability of suture morphology through the skull thickness using a rat model, and to provide more robust metrics and methodologies to analyze suture morphology...

Apis mellifera pomonella is one of two subspecies that represent the eastern limits of honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) distribution, and it is important to understand its biogeography and evolution. Despite this, A. m. pomonella was not investigated after its discovery 20 years ago. In particular, it is not known if it was hybridized or not with exotic subspecies introduced by beekeepers. In this study, we analysed the variation in honey bee forewing shape in Kazakhstan. Bees were collected from apiaries, where the origin of the queens was not controlled by beekeepers; they formed a group called "local bees", and apiaries where queens declared as either A...

Adaptive avian radiations associated with the diversification of bird beaks into a multitude of forms enabling different functions are exemplified by Darwin's finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers. To elucidate the nature of these radiations, we quantified beak shape and skull shape using a variety of geometric measures that allowed us to collapse the variability of beak shape into a minimal set of geometric parameters. Furthermore, we find that just two measures of beak shape-the ratio of the width to length and the normalized sharpening rate (increase in the transverse beak curvature near the tip relative to that at the base of the beak)-are strongly correlated with diet...

The purpose of this study was to identify the dimorphic structures of the orbita based on breed and sex factors through shape analysis across species. Additionally, the study aimed to ascertain the variability between the two species. A total of 86 (51 sheep-Akkaraman [Ak] and Morkaraman [Mk], 35 goats-Hair [Hr] and Honamlı [Hm]) skulls were used in the study. It was decided to designate 36 landmarks to represent the orbit's edge. In the principal component analysis, 68 PCs were calculated. It was determined that PC1, PC2 and PC3 explained the total variance in morphology by 26...

BACKGROUND: The impact of the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti is of major concern for global public health as the viruses that it transmits affect millions of people each year worldwide. Originating in Africa, Ae. aegypti has now spread throughout much of the world. While the genetic makeup of Ae. aegypti in the New World has been extensively studied, there is limited knowledge on its genetic diversity in Africa, particularly at a microgeographical level. METHODS: We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I of four Ae...

Reed bamboo is a major ecological and economic resource for many animals, including humans. Nonetheless, the influence of this plant's evolutionary role on the morphology of animal species remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the significance of bamboo habitats as ecological opportunities in shaping the skull morphology of bush frogs ( Raorchestes ) from the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. We applied a three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric approach to capture the skull shape of 55 species of bush frogs...

Several elasmobranch species undergo shifts in body proportions during their ontogenetic growth. Such morphological changes could reflect variation in diet, locomotion, or, more broadly, in the species' interactions with their environment. However, to date, only a few studies have been conducted on this topic, and most of them focused on particular body regions. In the present study, the ontogenetic growth of five different demersal shark species was investigated by using both traditional linear morphometry of the entire body and shape analysis of the caudal fin...

BACKGROUND: Phlebotomus sergenti , the proven vector of Leishmania tropica , the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is widely distributed in Morocco. Previous works using molecular markers (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 rDNA and Cytochrome B mtDNA) hypothesized the existence of multiple closely related populations of sand fly species (cryptic species) that would exhibit distinct vectorial capacities. This work studies morphotypic diversity using traditional and geometric morphometry analyses carried out on Ph...

The study is focused on how the physical structure of the feed affects the health status of broiler chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of feed particle size in broiler diets on gastrointestinal tract morphology, digesta viscosity, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 90 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into three different experimental groups (with five replicates per pen), with 6 birds per cage. The first experimental group (Coarse) was fed with the coarsest particle size, with feed with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 1111...

The morphology of the otoliths determines the function they perform and it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Know those relationships is necessary to understand the role of hearing in fish. The objectives of this work were: to explore the shape of the sulcus of the sagitta otolith in seven species of Sciaenidae, in relation to sound production; and analyze if the shape and size of the sulcus can be used as a phylogenetic character. For this, geometric morphometry analysis was carried out using landmarks data...

INTRODUCTION: Being choked/strangled during partnered sex is an emerging sexual behavior, particularly prevalent among young adult women. Using a multiparameter morphometric imaging approach, we aimed to characterize neuroanatomical differences between young adult women (18-30 years old) who were exposed to frequent sexual choking and their choking naïve controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of two groups (choking [≥4 times in the past 30 days] vs...

Human embryology began at the end of the 19th century and has developed using valuable human embryo specimens; the Carnegie and Blechshmidt Collections are famous examples. Although established after these two collections, the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses has become the largest collection worldwide, and its major asset is 1044 serial tissue sections comprising 547 normal and 497 abnormal cases. Morphological changes have been the focus of analysis owing to the absence of fresh embryos in the Kyoto Collection...

Fossa masseterica, to which the musculus masseter is attached, is the pit on the lateral surface of the ramus mandibulae. Processus coronoideus is a protrusion on the upper part of fossa masseterica. Carnivores have a more developed fossa masseterica and a wider processus coronoideus than other species, due to their well-developed jaw muscles. However, there is limited information about the differences of these two structures among carnivorous species. In this study, it was investigated whether fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus differ in shape in domestic cats and domestic dogs...

Brain cell structure is a key determinant of neural function that is frequently altered in neurobiological disorders. Following the global loss of blood flow to the brain that initiates the postmortem interval (PMI), cells rapidly become depleted of energy and begin to decompose. To ensure that our methods for studying the brain using autopsy tissue are robust and reproducible, there is a critical need to delineate the expected changes in brain cell morphometry during the PMI. We searched multiple databases to identify studies measuring the effects of PMI on the morphometry (i...

In vector control terms, insecticide resistance is the development of the capacity, of an insect population, to tolerate doses of an insecticide that are lethal to most individuals in a typical population of the same species. The genetic changes that determine resistance may have adaptive costs in the resistant phenotype or, conversely, may result in an adaptive advantage when compared to susceptible insects in the environment without insecticides. Triatoma infestans is one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern cone of South America...

BACKGROUND: When developing a surrogate model of the human skull, there is a multitude of morphometric and geometric properties to consider when constructing the model. To simplify this approach, it is important to identify only the properties that have a significant influence on the mechanical response of the skull. The objective of this study was to identify which morphometric and geometric properties of the calvarium were significant predictors of mechanical response. METHODS: Calvarium specimens (N = 24) were micro-computed tomography scanned to determine morphometric and geometric properties...