pulmonary nodules

The widespread use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has triggered the rapid expansion in the field of computed tomography (CT)-guided preoperative localization and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image-guided surgery. However, its broader application has been hindered by the absence of ideal imaging contrasts that are biocompatible, minimally invasive, highly resolvable, and perfectly localized within the diseased tissue. To achieve this goal, we synthesize a dextran-based fluorescent and iodinated hydrogel, which can be injected into the tissue and imaged with both CT and NIR fluorescence modalities...

BACKGROUND: To present an unusual case of abnormal LCA expression and CD43 in SCLC and to review the reported literature to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old male patient suffered from persistent back pain for more than one month. MRI revealed a compression fracture of the L1-L5 vertebra. A CT scan revealed multiple nodules and masses at the left root of the neck, lung hilum and mediastinum, and multiple areas of bony destruction of the ribs...

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INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of Computed tomography (CT) as a screening tool for early lung cancer has increased detection of pulmonary lesions. It is common to encounter patients with more than one peripheral pulmonary nodule (PPN) of uncertain etiology. Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) emerges as a potential alternative to biopsy multiple PPN, in addition to mediastinal staging in single anesthetic procedure. METHODS: Retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent ssRAB for evaluation of two or more PPN, between November 2021 and April 2023 at Mayo Clinic Florida, US...

A 74-year-old man was suffering from nine months of perineal pain and progressive worsening of urinary symptoms including nocturia and urgency. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were 1.48 ng/mL at the time of referral. Initially, a differential diagnosis of prostatitis or seminal vesicle inflammation was made, and four weeks of antibiotics were prescribed, which were later extended to six weeks due to failure of symptoms to resolve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate was then conducted...

We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However, regular physical examination at our hospital revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with cavity formation. Blood routine, liver or kidney function, and infection-related biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), were normal. Sputum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, BALF Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) PCR, and T-SPOT...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurately predicting the extent of lung tumor infiltration is crucial for improving patient survival and cure rates. This study aims to evaluate the application value of an improved CT index combined with serum biomarkers, obtained through an artificial intelligence recognition system analyzing CT features of pulmonary nodules, in early prediction of lung cancer infiltration using machine learning models. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 803 patients hospitalized for lung cancer treatment from January 2020 to December 2023 at two hospitals: Hospital 1 (Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University) and Hospital 2 (Nantong Eighth People's Hospital)...

Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, the rapid development of various bronchoscopic navigation techniques has provided conditions for the minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of peripheral pulmonary nodules through the airway.Augmented reality optical lung navigation is a new technology that combined virtual bronchoscopy navigation (VBN) with augmented reality (AR) and optical navigation technology, which could assist bronchoscopist and has been widely applied in clinics...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary nodules or masses are highly prevalent worldwide, and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions remains difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide functional and metabolic information of pulmonary lesions. This study aimed to establish a nomogram model based on clinical features, imaging features, and multi-sequence MRI radiomics to identify benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules or masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 eligible patients (76 male; mean age, 58...

BACKGROUND: Oral microbiota imbalance is associated with the progression of various lung diseases, including lung cancer. Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are often considered a critical stage for the early detection of lung cancer; however, the relationship between oral microbiota and PNs remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a 'Microbiome with pulmonary nodule series study 1' (MCEPN-1) where we compared PN patients and healthy controls (HCs), aiming to identify differences in oral microbiota characteristics and discover potential microbiota biomarkers for non-invasive, radiation-free PNs diagnosis and warning in the future...

INTRODUCTION: Our objectives are: To describe the radiological semiology, clinical-analytical features and prognosis related to the target sign (TS) in COVID-19. To determine whether digital thoracic tomosynthesis (DTT) improves the diagnostic ability of radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, single-centre, case series study, accepted by our ethical committee. Radiological, clinical, analytical and follow-up characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and TS on radiography and DTT between November 2020 and January 2021 were analysed...

Obtaining an accurate segmentation of the pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) images is challenging. This is due to: (1) the heterogeneous nature of the lung nodules; (2) comparable visual characteristics between the nodules and their surroundings. A robust multi-scale feature extraction mechanism that can effectively obtain multi-scale representations at a granular level can improve segmentation accuracy. As the most commonly used network in lung nodule segmentation, UNet, its variants, and other image segmentation methods lack this robust feature extraction mechanism...

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for the classification of acute and chronic lung nodules from nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) on computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected a data set of 650 nodules (316 acute and 334 chronic) from the CT scans of 110 patients with NTM-LD. The data set was divided into training, validation, and test sets in a ratio of 4:1:1. Bounding boxes were used to crop the 2D CT images down to the area of interest...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of MRI for the detection of pulmonary nodules, with use of CT as the reference standard. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 2000 to March 2023 evaluating the performance of MRI for diagnosis of lung nodules measuring 4 mm or larger, with CT as reference. Studies including micronodules, nodules without size stratification, or those from which data for contingency tables could not be extracted were excluded...

We report the findings of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in a 56-year-old woman with solitary pulmonary perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed a lesion with intense uptake in the region of pancreatic head and a solitary nodule with moderate uptake in the left lung. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with pulmonary metastasis was considered. The postoperative pathological results showed a benign perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the lung. This case emphasizes the need to increase awareness of benign perivascular epithelioid cell tumors in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule with moderate DOTATATE activity...

BACKGROUND: Fetal adenocarcinoma is a very rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Its incidence ranges from 0.1 to 0.87% among all primary lung neoplasms. Low-grade types tend to appear in the younger generation, and the age ranges from 20 to 50 years with a mean age of around 35 years. Surgical resection is currently the best way to treat fetal adenocarcinoma lung cancer without distant metastasis. CASE REPORT: This is a 56-year-old female who underwent low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) screening during the health examination...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac herniation occurs when there is a residual pericardial defect post thoracic surgery and is recognised as a rare but fatal complication. It confers a high mortality and requires immediate surgical correction upon recognition. We present a case of cardiac herniation occurring post thymectomy and left upper lobectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: Initial presentation: A 48-year-old male, hypertensive smoker presented with progressive breathlessness and was found to have a left upper zone mass confirmed on CT biopsy as carcinoid of unclear origin...

During a routine physical examination three years ago, a 47-year-old woman received a diagnosis of a nodule in her right upper lung. Since then, she has been regularly attending outpatient clinic appointments for follow-up. Over time, the nodule has shown gradual growth, leading to a suspicion of lung cancer. Through the use of enhanced CT imaging, a three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to examine the bronchi and blood vessels in the patient's chest. This reconstruction revealed several variations in the anatomy of the anterior segment of the right upper lobe...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown to be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and intermittent hypoxia is an important pathogenetic factor for it. In the clinic, it was found that most CVD patients combined with OSA were also combined with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) or thyroid nodules (TN). Are these disorders related to intermittent hypoxia? One study showed that intermittent hypoxia is a pathogenic factor for lung cancer in mice, but there have been no clinical reports...