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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arunava Ghosh, Alexis Payton, Samuel C Gallant, Keith L Rogers, Teresa Mascenik, Elise Hickman, Charlotte A Love, Kevin D Schichlein, Timothy R Smyth, Yong Ho Kim, Julia E Rager, M Ian Gilmour, Scott H Randell, Ilona Jaspers
Burn pits are a method of open-air waste management that was common during military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other regions in Southwest Asia. Veterans returning from deployment have reported respiratory symptoms, potentially from exposure to burn pit smoke, yet comprehensive assessment of such exposure on pulmonary health is lacking. We have previously shown that exposure to condensates from burn pit smoke emissions causes inflammation and cytotoxicity in mice. In this study, we explored the effects of burn pit smoke condensates on human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) to understand their impact on cellular targets in the human lung...
April 23, 2024: Chemical Research in Toxicology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
P D Yuan, Y W Hu, X Q Chen, G Y Chen, Y Pan, H Y Lao, D Liang
PURPOSES: This study investigated the feasibility of adalimumab (ADA) dose reduction and withdrawal strategy in children with stable pediatric non-infectious uveitis (PNIU). METHODS: This open-label prospective pilot trial recruited 18 stable PNIU patients (33 eyes) between two and eighteen years old who were treated with standard doses of ADA (20/40 mg every 2 weeks) plus oral methotrexate. The interval of ADA injection was extended to 4 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks...
April 23, 2024: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathan N O'Hara, Mark J Gage, Casey Loudermilk, Carolyn Drogt, Niek S Klazinga, Dionne S Kringos, Lily R Mundy
INTRODUCTION: Financial toxicity is highly prevalent in patients after an orthopaedic injury. However, little is known regarding the conditions that promote and protect against this financial distress. Our objective was to understand the factors that cause and protect against financial toxicity after a lower extremity fracture. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 20 patients 3 months after surgical treatment of a lower extremity fracture...
April 17, 2024: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph W Galvin, Brendan M Patterson, Maria Bozoghlian, James V Nepola, Zachary T Colburn
A biorepository, also referred to as a "biobank," is a collection of biologic samples that are stored for laboratory research. With the emergence of precision medicine, the importance of leveraging individual patient biomolecular signatures to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is becoming increasingly recognized. Successful development and sustainment of a biorepository provides the potential for transformative preclinical research. Establishing a biobank requires a team approach with involvement of the institutions' research laboratory team and regulatory body...
April 17, 2024: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Lee Satcher, Benjamin Fiedler, Abdullah Ghali, Douglas R Dirschl
With National Aeronautics and Space Administration's plans for longer distance, longer duration spaceflights such as missions to Mars and the surge in popularity of space tourism, the need to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system has never been more present. However, there is a paucity of information on how spaceflight affects orthopaedic health. This review surveys existing literature and discusses the effect of spaceflight on each aspect of the musculoskeletal system. Spaceflight reduces bone mineral density at rapid rates because of multiple mechanisms...
April 17, 2024: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin D Pesante, Maryam Salimi, Whitney L Miller, Heather L Young, Timothy C Jenkins, Joshua A Parry
INTRODUCTION: Distinguishing between septic arthritis and crystal arthropathy flares can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine how the presence of synovial crystals affects the diagnostic criteria of septic arthritis. METHODS: A retrospective review identified patients undergoing joint aspirations to rule out native septic arthritis. Differences between septic arthritis presenting with and without synovial crystals were analyzed. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was plotted for laboratory markers to determine the area under the curve, or diagnostic accuracy, for septic arthritis and to evaluate thresholds that maximized sensitivity and specificity...
April 17, 2024: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Risa Kagan, James A Simon, Steven R Goldstein, Barry S Komm, Simon N Jenkins, David J Portman
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether lasofoxifene improves vaginal signs/symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. METHODS: Two identical, phase 3 trials randomized postmenopausal women with moderate to severe vaginal symptoms to oral lasofoxifene 0.25 or 0.5 mg/d, or placebo, for 12 week. Changes from baseline to week 12 in most bothersome symptom, vaginal pH, and percentages of vaginal parabasal and superficial cells were evaluated...
April 23, 2024: Menopause: the Journal of the North American Menopause Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jieyu Yang, Zhaoming Chen, Yuexia Yang, Bingbing Zheng, Yu Zhu, Fapu Wu, Hu Xiong
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common liver disease with a high rate of morbidity, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with the overproduction of highly reactive hypochlorite (ClO- ) in the liver. However, bioluminescence imaging of endogenous hypochlorite in nontransgenic natural mice remains challenging. Herein, to address this issue, we report a strategy for imaging ClO- in living cells and DILI mice by harnessing a bioluminescent probe formylhydrazine luciferin ( ClO-Luc ) combined with firefly luciferase (fLuc) mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)...
April 23, 2024: Analytical Chemistry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olivia Ritchie, Emily Koptyra, Liz B Marquis, Reema Kadri, Anna R Laurie, V G Vinod Vydiswaran, Jiazhao Li, Lindsay K Brown, Tiffany C Veinot, Lorraine R Buis, Timothy C Guetterman
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care expanded rapidly at Michigan Medicine and other health systems. From family physicians' perspectives, this shift to virtual care has the potential to affect workflow, job satisfaction, and patient communication. As clinics reopened and care delivery models shifted to a combination of in-person and virtual care, the need to understand physician experiences with virtual care arose in order to improve both patient and provider experiences...
April 15, 2024: Family Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anil Kumar, Michael D Sevilla, Leon Sanche
Low-energy (<20 eV) electrons (LEEs) can resonantly interact with DNA to form transient anions (TAs) of fundamental units, inducing single-strand breaks (SSBs), and cluster damage, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs). Shape resonances, which arise from electron capture in a previously unfilled orbital, can induce only a SSB, whereas a single core-excited resonance (i.e., two electrons in excited orbitals of the field of a hole) has been shown experimentally to cause cluster lesions. Herein, we show from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) that a core-excited resonance can produce a DSB, i...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qite Li, Akira Kudo, Jinling Ma, Ryotaro Kawashima, Kota Toyama, Wence Xu, Zhonghui Gao, Yanqin Liang, Hui Jiang, Zhaoyang Li, Zhenduo Cui, Shengli Zhu, Mingwei Chen
It is technically challenging to quantitatively apply strains to tune catalysis because most heterogeneous catalysts are nanoparticles, and lattice strains can only be applied indirectly via core-shell structures or crystal defects. Herein, we report quantitative relations between macroscopic strains and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities of dealloyed nanoporous gold (NPG) by directly applying macroscopic strains upon bulk NPG. It was found that macroscopic compressive strains lead to a decrease, while macroscopic tensile strains improve the HER activity of NPG, which is in line with the d -band center model...
April 23, 2024: Nano Letters
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ben Auxier, Jianhua Zhang, Francisca Reyes Marquez, Kira Senden, Joost van den Heuvel, Duur K Aanen, Eveline Snelders, Alfons J M Debets
In fungi, fusion between individuals leads to localized cell death, a phenomenon termed heterokaryon incompatibility. Generally, the genes responsible for this incompatibility are observed to be under balancing selection resulting from negative frequency-dependent selection. Here, we assess this phenomenon in Aspergillus fumigatus, a human pathogenic fungus with a very low level of linkage disequilibrium as well as an extremely high crossover rate. Using complementation of auxotrophic mutations as an assay for hyphal compatibility, we screened sexual progeny for compatibility to identify genes involved in this process, called het genes...
April 23, 2024: Molecular Biology and Evolution
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Federica I Wolf, Valentina Trapani
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly clear that the disease can have relevant multisystemic and long-term effects, and several studies have attempted to identify key determinants of the disease course. Here we discuss recent evidence suggesting that, in long COVID patients, combined magnesium and vitamin D deficiencies associate with a higher number of clinical manifestations, as compared to patients with normal levels of both nutrients. We highlight the potential synergistic effects of these deficiencies and propose that future studies should explore a causal link with the risk of developing long COVID...
April 23, 2024: Magnesium Research: Official Organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magnus Jutell, Shakura Bhat, Maria Lindstrom Bagge, Per-Erik Isberg, Nana Wiberg
Worldwide vitamin D insufficiency is remarkably prevalent in both children and adults, including pregnant women. The total amount of the vitamin is best measured by 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is a measurement of total serum cholecalciferol 25(OH)D3 and ergocalciferol 25(OH)D2. There is a known correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25(OH)D; however, whether specific maternal demographics or comorbidities influence the correlation remains uncertain. This prospective observational study was designed to study if maternal 25(OH)D levels, maternal age and BMI, amount of supplementation, mode of delivery, diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, or sunlight exposure had an impact on the correlation...
2024: PloS One
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel E Jacobsen, Makaela M Montoya, Trent R Llewellyn, Kaitlyn Martinez, Kristen M Wilding, Kiersten D Lenz, Carrie A Manore, Jessica Z Kubicek-Sutherland, Harshini Mukundan
Universal and early recognition of pathogens occurs through recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors and the consequent secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The intrinsic complexity of innate immune signaling and associated signal transduction challenges our ability to obtain physiologically relevant, reproducible and accurate data from experimental systems. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in observed data is the choice of measurement strategy...
2024: PloS One
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Donald A Bryant, Christopher J Gisriel
Cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptophytes produce two classes of proteins for light-harvesting: water-soluble phycobiliproteins and membrane-intrinsic proteins that bind chlorophylls and carotenoids. In cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophytes, phycobilisomes (PBS) are complexes of brightly colored phycobiliproteins and linker (assembly) proteins. To date, six structural classes of phycobilisomes have been described: hemiellipsoidal, block-shaped, hemidiscoidal, bundle-shaped, paddle-shaped, and far-red-light bicylindrical...
April 23, 2024: Plant Cell
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Soo Heon Kwak, Ryan B Hernandez-Cancela, Daniel A DiCorpo, David E Condon, Jordi Merino, Peitao Wu, Jennifer A Brody, Jie Yao, Xiuqing Guo, Fariba Ahmadizar, Mariah Meyer, Murat Sincan, Josep M Mercader, Sujin Lee, Jeffrey Haessler, Ha My T Vy, Zhaotong Lin, Nicole D Armstrong, Shaopeng Gu, Noah L Tsao, Leslie A Lange, Ningyuan Wang, Kerri L Wiggins, Stella Trompet, Simin Liu, Ruth J F Loos, Renae Judy, Philip H Schroeder, Natalie R Hasbani, Maxime M Bos, Alanna C Morrison, Rebecca D Jackson, Alexander P Reiner, JoAnn E Manson, Ninad S Chaudhary, Lynn K Carmichael, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Kent D Taylor, Mohsen Ghanbari, Joyce van Meurs, Achilleas N Pitsillides, Bruce M Psaty, Raymond Noordam, Ron Do, Kyong Soo Park, J Wouter Jukema, Maryam Kavousi, Adolfo Correa, Stephen S Rich, Scott M Damrauer, Catherine Hajek, Nam H Cho, Marguerite R Irvin, James S Pankow, Girish N Nadkarni, Robert Sladek, Mark O Goodarzi, Jose C Florez, Daniel I Chasman, Susan R Heckbert, Charles Kooperberg, Josée Dupuis, Rajeev Malhotra, Paul S de Vries, Ching-Ti Liu, Jerome I Rotter, James B Meigs
OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a multiancestry time-to-event genome-wide association study for incident CVD among people with T2D. We also tested 204 known coronary artery disease (CAD) variants for association with incident CVD. RESULTS: Among 49,230 participants with T2D, 8,956 had incident CVD events (event rate 18...
April 23, 2024: Diabetes Care
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra Schäfer, Andrea Marzi, Wakako Furuyama, Nicholas J Catanzaro, Cameron Nguyen, Elaine Haddock, Friederike Feldmann, Kimberly Meade-White, Tina Thomas, Miranda L Hubbard, Kendra L Gully, Sarah R Leist, Pablo Hock, Timothy A Bell, Gabriela E De la Cruz, Bentley R Midkiff, David R Martinez, Ginger D Shaw, Darla R Miller, Michael J Vernon, Rachel L Graham, Dale O Cowley, Stephanie A Montgomery, Klaus Schughart, Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena, Gregory K Wilkerson, Martin T Ferris, Heinz Feldmann, Ralph S Baric
Ebola virus (EBOV), a major global health concern, causes severe, often fatal EBOV disease (EVD) in humans. Host genetic variation plays a critical role, yet the identity of host susceptibility loci in mammals remains unknown. Using genetic reference populations, we generate an F2 mapping cohort to identify host susceptibility loci that regulate EVD. While disease-resistant mice display minimal pathogenesis, susceptible mice display severe liver pathology consistent with EVD-like disease and transcriptional signatures associated with inflammatory and liver metabolic processes...
April 21, 2024: Cell Reports
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sina Aeeneh, Nikola Zlatanov, Jiangshan Yu
Majority voting is a simple mathematical function that returns the most frequently occurring value within a given set. As a popular decision fusion technique (DFT), the majority voting function (MVF) finds applications in resolving conflicts, where several independent voters report their opinions on a classification problem. Despite its importance and its various applications in ensemble learning, data crowdsourcing, remote sensing, and data oracles for blockchains, the accuracy of the MVF for the general multiclass classification problem has remained unknown...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seda Babroudi, Daniel E Weiner, Javier A Neyra, David A Drew
The number of individuals with acute kidney injury receiving outpatient dialysis (AKI-D) is increasing. At present, based on limited data, approximately one third of individuals with AKI-D who receive outpatient dialysis after hospital discharge survive and regain sufficient kidney function to discontinue dialysis. Data to inform dialysis management strategies that promote kidney function recovery and processes of care among individuals with AKI-D receiving outpatient dialysis are lacking. In this article, we detail current trends in the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, proposed management, and health policy landscape for individuals with AKI-D receiving outpatient dialysis and identify areas for further research...
April 23, 2024: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN
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