keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38325496/adipose-organ-dysfunction-and-type-2-diabetes-role-of-nitric-oxide
#21
REVIEW
Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Asghar Ghasemi
Adipose organ, historically known as specialized lipid-handling tissue serving as the long-term fat depot, is now appreciated as the largest endocrine organ composed of two main compartments, i.e., subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT), madding up white and beige/brown adipocytes. Adipose organ dysfunction manifested as maldistribution of the compartments, hypertrophic, hypoxic, inflamed, and insulin-resistant AT, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight the role of nitric oxide (NO·) in AT (dys)function in relation to developing T2D...
February 5, 2024: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38302075/chronic-intermittent-hypoxia-induced-oxidative-stress-activates-trb3-and-phosphorylated-jnk-to-mediate-insulin-resistance-and-cell-apoptosis-in-the-pancreas
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shan Zeng, Yeying Wang, Li Ai, Liwei Huang, Zhijuan Liu, Chunxia He, Qiaohui Bai, Yongxia Li
This study explores the potential mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces insulin resistance and cell apoptosis in the pancreas through oxidative stress. Four- and eight-week CIH rat models were established, and Tempol (100 mg/kg/d), was used as an oxidative stress inhibitor. This study included five groups: 4-week CIH, 4-week CIH-Tempol, 8-week CIH, 8-week CIH-Tempol and normal control (NC) groups. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in the serum...
March 2024: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285004/biological-sex-related-differences-in-the-postprandial-triglyceride-response-to-intermittent-hypoxaemia-in-young-adults-a-randomized-crossover-trial
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas Goulet, Caroline Marcoux, Vincent Bourgon, Renée Morin, Jean-François Mauger, Ruwan Amaratunga, Pascal Imbeault
Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxaemia and is independently associated with an increased risk of metabolic comorbidities (e.g. type II diabetes and ischaemic heart disease). These comorbidities could be attributable to hypoxaemia-induced alterations in blood lipid profiles. However, it remains unclear whether intermittent hypoxaemia alters triglyceridaemia differently between biological sexes. Therefore, we used a randomized crossover design to examine whether 6 h of moderate intermittent hypoxaemia (15 hypoxaemic cycles/h, 85% oxyhaemoglobin saturation) alters plasma triglyceride levels differently between men and women after a high-fat meal...
January 29, 2024: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279313/interplay-of-angiotensin-peptides-vasopressin-and-insulin-in-the-heart-experimental-and-clinical-evidence-of-altered-interactions-in-obesity-and-diabetes-mellitus
#24
REVIEW
Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
The present review draws attention to the specific role of angiotensin peptides [angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)], vasopressin (AVP), and insulin in the regulation of the coronary blood flow and cardiac contractions. The interactions of angiotensin peptides, AVP, and insulin in the heart and in the brain are also discussed. The intracardiac production and the supply of angiotensin peptides and AVP from the systemic circulation enable their easy access to the coronary vessels and the cardiomyocytes...
January 21, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38271325/enhanced-glucose-utilization-of-skeletal-muscle-after-4-weeks-of-intermittent-hypoxia-in-a-mouse-model-of-type-2-diabetes
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuqi Zhao, Chaoqun Li, Shi Zhou, Youyu He, Yun Wang, Yuan Zhang, Li Wen
BACKGROUND: Intermittent hypoxia intervention (IHI) has been shown to reduces blood glucose and improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has been suggested as a complementary or alternative intervention to exercise for individuals with limited mobility. Previous research on IHI has assessed cellular glucose uptake rather than utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 4-week IHI, with or without an aerobic exercise, on skeletal muscle glucose utilization as indicated by the changes in pyruvate, lactate, NAD+, and NADH, using a mouse model of diet-induced T2D...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38267218/3d-evaluation-of-the-extracellular-matrix-of-hypoxic-pancreatic-islets-using-light-sheet-fluorescence-microscopy
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matias Ramirez, Estelle Bastien, Heeyoung Chae, Pierre Gianello, Patrick Gilon, Caroline Bouzin
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, but the survival and function of transplanted islets are hindered by the loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) during islet isolation and by low oxygenation upon implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hypoxia on ECM using a cutting-edge imaging approach based on tissue clearing and 3D microscopy. Human and rat islets were cultured under normoxic (O2 21%) or hypoxic (O2 1%) conditions. Immunofluorescence staining targeting insulin, glucagon, CA9 (a hypoxia marker), ECM proteins (collagen 4, fibronectin, laminin), and E-cadherin (intercellular adhesion protein) was performed on fixed whole islets...
December 31, 2024: Islets
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38248843/endpoints-in-nash-clinical-trials-are-we-blind-in-one-eye
#27
REVIEW
Amedeo Lonardo, Stefano Ballestri, Alessandro Mantovani, Giovanni Targher, Fernando Bril
This narrative review aims to illustrate the notion that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a systemic metabolic disorder featuring both adverse hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. In recent years, several NASH trials have failed to identify effective pharmacological treatments and, therefore, lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of therapy for NASH. with this context, we analyze the epidemiological burden of NASH and the possible pathogenetic factors involved...
January 8, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242039/hif-1%C3%AE-serves-as-a-co-linker-between-ad-and-t2dm
#28
REVIEW
Yang Hai, Ke Ren, Yarong Zhang, Lili Yang, Haoshi Cao, Xianxia Yuan, Linling Su, Hailong Li, Xiaoli Feng, Dongling Liu
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation...
February 2024: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38241508/adipose-signals-regulating-distal-organ-health-and-disease
#29
REVIEW
Ankit Gilani, Lisa Stoll, Edwin A Homan, James C Lo
Excessive adiposity in obesity is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other cardiometabolic diseases. An unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue (AT) results in reduced adipogenesis, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, adipocyte hypoxia, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased macrophage infiltration, and insulin resistance. This ultimately culminates in AT dysfunction characterized by decreased secretion of antidiabetic adipokines such as adiponectin and adipsin and increased secretion of proinflammatory prodiabetic adipokines including RBP4 and resistin...
February 1, 2024: Diabetes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38235171/intranasal-insulin-attenuates-hypoxia-ischemia-induced-short-term-sensorimotor-behavioral-disturbances-neuronal-apoptosis-and-brain-damage-in-neonatal-rats
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chirag P Talati, Jonathan W Lee, Silu Lu, Norma B Ojeda, Varsha Prakash, Nilesh Dankhara, Tanner C Nielson, Sara P Sandifer, Gene L Bidwell, Yi Pang, Lir-Wan Fan, Abhay J Bhatt
There is a significant need for additional therapy to improve outcomes for newborns with acute Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy (HIE). New evidence suggests that insulin could be neuroprotective. This study aimed to investigate whether intranasal insulin attenuates HI-induced brain damage and neurobehavioral dysfunction in neonatal rats. Postnatal day 10 (P10), Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly divided into Sham + Vehicle, Sham + Insulin, HI + Vehicle, and HI + Insulin groups with equal male-to-female ratios...
2024: Current research in neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38232735/augmentation-of-scleral-glycolysis-promotes-myopia-through-histone-lactylation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolei Lin, Yi Lei, Miaozhen Pan, Changxi Hu, Bintao Xie, Wenjing Wu, Jianzhong Su, Yating Li, Yuhan Tan, Xiaohuan Wei, Zhengbo Xue, Ruiyan Xu, Mengqi Di, Hanyu Deng, Shengcong Liu, Xingxing Yang, Jia Qu, Wei Chen, Xiangtian Zhou, Fei Zhao
Myopia is characterized of maladaptive increases in scleral fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT). Scleral hypoxia is a significant factor contributing to myopia, but how hypoxia induces myopia is poorly understood. Here, we showed that myopia in mice and guinea pigs was associated with hypoxia-induced increases in key glycolytic enzymes expression and lactate levels in the sclera. Promotion of scleral glycolysis or lactate production induced FMT and myopia; conversely, suppression of glycolysis or lactate production eliminated or inhibited FMT and myopia...
January 9, 2024: Cell Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38230898/loss-of-testosterone-induces-postprandial-insulin-resistance-and-increases-the-expression-of-the-hepatic-antioxidant-flavin-containing-monooxygenases-in-mice-exposed-to-intermittent-hypoxia
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gauthier Ganouna-Cohen, François Marcouiller, Britanny Blachot-Minassian, Maud Demarest, Charles Joly Beauparlant, Arnaud Droit, Elise Belaidi, Aida Bairam, Vincent Joseph
AIM: We tested the hypothesis that low testosterone alters the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on glucose homeostasis, hepatic oxidative stress, and transcriptomic profile in male mice. METHODS: We used sham-operated or orchiectomized (ORX) mice exposed to normoxia (Nx) or IH for 2 weeks. We performed fasting insulin and glucose tolerance tests and assessed fasting and postprandial insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR. The activity of hepatic prooxidant (NADPH oxidase-NOX), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-SOD, Cat, GPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration), and the total concentration of glutathione (GSH) were measured under postprandial conditions...
January 17, 2024: Acta Physiologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38230225/the-effectiveness-of-metabolic-bariatric-surgery-in-preventing-gynecologic-cancer-from-pathophysiology-to-clinical-outcomes
#33
REVIEW
Nikolaos Machairiotis, Athanasios G Pantelis, Anastasios Potiris, Theodoros Karampitsakos, Petros Drakakis, Eirini Drakaki, Panagoula Oikonomou, Christina Nikolaou, Dimitrios Matthaios, Charalampos Charalampidis, Aris Ioannidis, Paul Zarogoulidis, Stavros Sofoklis
Obesity and cancer represent two pandemics of current civilization, the progression of which has followed parallel trajectories. To time, thirteen types of malignancies have been recognized as obesity-related cancers, including breast (in postmenopausal women), endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that connect the two entities include insulin resistance, adipokine imbalance, increased peripheral aromatization and estrogen levels, tissue hypoxia, and disrupted immunity in the cellular milieu...
2024: Journal of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38225985/aging-changes-the-expression-of-adenosine-receptors-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-igf1-and-hypoxia-inducible-factor-1%C3%AE-hif1%C3%AE-in-hypothalamic-astrocyte-cultures
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camila Leite Santos, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, André Quincozes-Santos
The aging process induces neurochemical alterations in different brain regions, including hypothalamus. This pivotal area of the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for detection and integration of nutritional and hormonal signals from the periphery of the body to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Astrocytes support the CNS homeostasis, energy metabolism, and inflammatory response, as well as increasing evidence has highlighted a critical role of astrocytes in orchestrating hypothalamic functions and in gliocrine system...
2024: Aging brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219974/clinical-and-molecular-profiling-of-human-visceral-adipose-tissue-reveals-impairment-of-vascular-architecture-and-remodeling-as-an-early-hallmark-of-dysfunction
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniela Rosendo-Silva, Pedro Bastos Gomes, Tiago Rodrigues, Sofia Viana, André Nogueira da Costa, Philipp E Scherer, Flávio Reis, Francisco Pereira, Raquel Seiça, Paulo Matafome
Adipose tissue dysfunction is more related to insulin resistance than body mass index itself and an alteration in adipose tissue function is thought to underlie the shift from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. Herein, we performed a clustering analysis that revealed distinct visceral adipose tissue gene expression patterns in patients with obesity at distinct stages of metabolic dysregulation. We have built a cross-sectional cohort that aims at reflecting the evolution of the metabolic sequelae of obesity with the main objective to map the sequential events that play a role in adipose tissue dysfunction from the metabolically healthy (insulin-sensitive) state to several incremental degrees of metabolic dysregulation, encompassing insulin resistance establishment, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes...
January 12, 2024: Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38213484/klotho-a-potential-therapeutic-target-in-aging-and-neurodegeneration-beyond-chronic-kidney-disease-a-comprehensive-review-from-the-era-ckd-mbd-working-group
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehmet Kanbay, Sidar Copur, Lasin Ozbek, Ali Mutlu, Daniel Cejka, Paola Ciceri, Mario Cozzolino, Mathias Loberg Haarhaus
Klotho, a multifunctional protein, acts as a co-receptor in fibroblast growth factor 23 and exerts its impact through various molecular pathways, including Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 pathways. The physiological significance of Klotho is the regulation of vitamin D and phosphate metabolism as well as serving as a vital component in aging and neurodegeneration. The role of Klotho in aging and neurodegeneration in particular has gained considerable attention. In this narrative review we highlight several key insights into the molecular basis and physiological function of Klotho and synthesize current research on the role of Klotho in neurodegeneration and aging...
January 2024: Clinical Kidney Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38204253/comparing-methods-for-induction-of-insulin-resistance-in-mouse-3t3-l1-cells
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hend Al-Jaber, Shamma Al-Muraikhy, Aldana Jabr Jabr, Aisha Yousuf, Najeha Anwardeen, Mohamed Elrayess, Layla Al-Mansoori
UNLABELLED: Cell culture plays a crucial role in addressing fundamental research questions, particularly in studying insulin resistance (IR) mechanisms. Multiple in vitro models are utilized for this purpose, but their technical distinctions and relevance to in vivo conditions remain unclear. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of existing in vitro models in inducing IR and their ability to replicate in vivo IR conditions. BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is a cellular condition linked to metabolic disorders...
January 9, 2024: Current Diabetes Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38186282/heat-tolerance-in-drosophila-melanogaster-is-influenced-by-oxygen-conditions-and-mutations-in-cell-size-control-pathways
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valeriya Privalova, Łukasz Sobczyk, Ewa Szlachcic, Anna Maria Labecka, Marcin Czarnoleski
Understanding metabolic performance limitations is key to explaining the past, present and future of life. We investigated whether heat tolerance in actively flying Drosophila melanogaster is modified by individual differences in cell size and the amount of oxygen in the environment. We used two mutants with loss-of-function mutations in cell size control associated with the target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways, showing reduced (mutant rictor Δ2 ) or increased (mutant Mnt 1 ) cell size in different body tissues compared to controls...
February 26, 2024: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38142264/the-role-of-adipose-tissue-and-subsequent-liver-tissue-hypoxia-in-obesity-and-early-stage-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annelies Van Eyck, Wilhelmus J Kwanten, Cédric Peleman, Sanae Makhout, Steven Van Laere, Karolien Van De Maele, Kim Van Hoorenbeeck, Joris De Man, Benedicte Y De Winter, Sven Francque, Stijn L Verhulst
BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to several health complication, including Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Adipose tissue hypoxia has been suggested as an important player in the pathophysiological mechanism leading to chronic inflammation in obesity, and in the progression of MASLD. The study aims to investigate the effect of progressive obesity on adipose and liver tissue hypoxia. METHODS: Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) or control diet (CD) for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks...
December 23, 2023: International Journal of Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38132434/heat-shock-proteins-hsps-and-cardiovascular-complications-of-obesity-searching-for-potential-biomarkers
#40
REVIEW
Yuriy S Timofeev, Anton R Kiselev, Olga N Dzhioeva, Oxana M Drapkina
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a family of proteins that support cellular proteostasis and perform a protective function under various stress conditions, such as high temperature, intoxication, inflammation, or tissue hypoxia, constitute a promising group of possible biochemical markers for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. HSP27 is involved in essential cellular processes occurring in conditions of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications; it has protective properties, and its secretion may indicate a cellular response to stress...
November 23, 2023: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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