bronchopneumonia

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections. It is responsible for more than half of lower respiratory tract infections in infants requiring hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the fibrinogen-albumin ratio (FAR) and the severity of RSV infection and to compare its effectiveness with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). This was a retrospective cohort study with patients aged from 29 days to two years who had been admitted to the pediatric clinic of our hospital...

BACKGROUND: Few epidemiological studies on respiratory medicine and the relationship between clinical signs and various respiratory diseases in cats have been reported. OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and breed predisposition to feline respiratory diseases in Japan and determine the association between clinical signs, duration and type of respiratory diseases. METHODS: The medical records of cats with feline respiratory diseases were examined to obtain information on age, sex, breed, final diagnosis, clinical signs and duration...

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by positional dyspnea and/or hypoxia. We report two cases of patients with COVID-19 bronchopneumonia with a torpid evolution. Due to clinical suspicion of POS, a diagnostic workup was performed, including a bubble echocardiography, which revealed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with early and massive passage of bubbles to the left cavities. Both patients underwent percutaneous PFO closure with a resolution of POS. Here, we present the second and third cases of POS associated with PFO successfully closed during the acute phase of COVID-19...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although classical gross features are known in hypothermia victims, they lack specific diagnosis features. The aim of our study was to reveal specific brain and lung pathological features in a group of hypothermia-related fatalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 107 cases from our files associated with hypothermia. Routine hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and postmortem immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS: The microscopic cerebral exam revealed diffuse perineuronal and perivascular edema, gliosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, acute brain injuries, focal neuronal ischemia, lacunar infarction, and variable hemorrhages...

Multiple myeloma is a disease of the plasma cells of the bone marrow, resulting in the proliferation and release of the monoclonal protein, which further causes end-organ damage. We report an unusual presentation of multiple myeloma, thereby insisting on the need for the treating physician to be aware of the various presentations that can be encountered in regular practice. It is often difficult to diagnose, and the diagnosis is usually made at a late stage of the disease. Even though uncurable, with recent advances, a proper regimen, newer chemotherapeutic agents, and stem cell transplantation, the disease can be brought into remission...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation serves as a key pathologic mediator in the progression of infections and various diseases, involving significant alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolism. This study aims to probe into the potential causal relationships between gut microbial taxa and human blood metabolites with various serum inflammatory markers (CRP, SAA1, IL-6, TNF-α, WBC, and GlycA) and the risks of seven common infections (gastrointestinal infections, dysentery, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung abscess, pneumococcal pneumonia, and urinary tract infections)...

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare airway disease characterized by tracheal and bronchial dilatation, primarily affecting middle-aged men. We present a case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome in a 40-year-old man with a history of recurrent respiratory infections since adolescence. The diagnostic journey involved a multidisciplinary approach incorporating clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, and bronchoscopy. Computed tomography findings, including maximum intensity projection reconstructions and 3D rendering, facilitated the diagnosis by revealing significant airway dilation and associated abnormalities...

CONTEXT.—: Autopsies can reveal clinically undiagnosed diseases. However, the frequency of first diagnoses at autopsy and their association with clinically known risk factors are not well understood because of lack of systematic analyses addressing this topic. OBJECTIVE.—: To perform a large retrospective cohort analysis on the frequency of clinically undiagnosed postmortem findings and correlate these with patients' risk factors. DESIGN...

BACKGROUND: The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has increased the incidence of community-onset MRSA infection. Respiratory tract infections caused by MRSA has been noted for their severity; however, repeated relapses that require extended antibiotic therapy are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of relapsing bronchopneumonia caused by CA-MRSA in a 56-year-old man. The patient responded to antibiotics, but repeatedly relapsed after stopping treatment...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide. The disease was firstly reported in 1987 and became endemic in many countries. Since then, outbreaks caused by strains of high virulence have been reported several times in Asia, America and Europe. Interstitial pneumonia, microscopically characterised by thickened alveolar septa, is the hallmark lesion of PRRS. However, suppurative bronchopneumonia and proliferative and necrotising pneumonia are also observed, particularly when a virulent strain is involved...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the common clinical diagnoses and treatment management of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children and determine when antibiotics are recommended and prescribed. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical charts was carried out at King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City (KSAMC) Hospital to assess pediatric patients diagnosed with ARIs aged 0-14 years, excluding those requiring antibiotics for conditions other than ARIs...

• Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital condition. • Patients with UAPA may present initially following recurrent bouts of pneumonia. • Echocardiography remains a useful tool for diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

BACKGROUND: Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS. ANIMALS: Two hundred thirty-one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS...

The intensification of pig farming has posed significant challenges in managing and preventing sanitary problems, particularly diseases of the respiratory complex. Monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool and cannot be overstated. Hence, this study aimed at characterizing both macroscopical and microscopical lesions and identifying the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), and Pasteurella multocida (PM) associated with pleurisy in swine. For this, a selected slaughterhouse in São Paulo State underwent a thorough examination of carcasses on the slaughter line, followed by lung sampling...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is considered its histological hallmark. Sepsis is one of the most common aetiology of ARDS with the highest case-fatality rate. Identifying ARDS patients and differentiate them from other causes of acute respiratory failure remains a challenge. To address this, many studies have focused on identifying biomarkers that can help assess lung epithelial injury...

BACKGROUND: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and is responsible for respiratory infections. Mild infections are well-recognized in children, while its precise impact in various categories of immunocompromised adults has not been well addressed. RESEARCH QUESTION: We retrospectively studied HMPV infections in immunocompromised adults followed in two large French university medical centers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified immunocompromised adults with positive HMPV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for 36 months and reviewed their medical charts...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of early chest tube removal (CTR) protocol on the first postoperative day (POD1) of our enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme by comparing the risk of postoperative pneumothorax, pleural and pericardial effusion requiring intervention and hospital mortality. METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization and/or valve surgery between 2015 and 2021 were assessed in terms of their perioperative management pathways: conventional standard of care (control group) versus standardized systematic perioperative ERAS programme including an early CTR on POD1 (ERAS group)...

CONTEXT: The safety of medication for pediatric patients has always been a concern, and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the essential and commonly used drugs in children. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To study the use and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among 22 553 pediatric patients from 14 hospitals in Shanghai. METHODS: We collected the clinical data of 22 553 pediatric patients who received NSAIDs during their stay in 14 hospitals in Shanghai from January 2005 to May 2011, which were then retrospectively analyzed...

Although amyloid material in the heart is not infrequently encountered at autopsy it may on occasion be difficult to determine the significance in terms of possible contributions to the terminal mechanisms of death. A review was undertaken of the literature and of autopsy cases at Forensic Science SA over a 20-year-period (2003-2022) for all cases where significant amyloid material had been encountered on microscopy of the heart. Sixteen cases were found consisting of 11 cases where cardiac amyloid was involved in the lethal episode, and five where it was considered an incidental feature...

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare and fatal lung disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is the main community-acquired pneumonia among children aged 5 and above in China. We report the following case of IPH complicated with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP). An 8-year-old boy with cough and fever was diagnosed with IPH for 3 years and his chest computed tomography showed bilateral bronchopneumonia, lobular consolidation and subpleural interstitial fibrosis. As far as we know, IPH related to SMPP is rarely reported...