Wells rule

The management of oxidative stress-related disorders has garnered significant interest, particularly in the exploration of medicinal plants possessing potent antioxidant activities. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Mondia whitei (MW) and Guibourtia tessmannii (GT) against H2 O2 -induced cytotoxicity in PC3 cells. The phytochemical composition of MW and GT was determined by GC-MS analysis. Total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents were quantified by Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively...

Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here, we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic dynamics provide neural substrates for generating samples not only of a static variable but also of a dynamical trajectory, where generic recurrent networks acquire these abilities with a biologically plausible learning rule through trial and error...

Elemental models of associative learning typically employ a common prediction-error term. Following a conditioning trial, they predict that the change in the strength of an association between a cue and an outcome is dependent upon how well the outcome was predicted. When multiple cues are present, they each contribute to that prediction. The same rule applies both to increases in associative strength during excitatory conditioning and the loss of associative strength during extinction. In five experiments using an allergy prediction task, we tested the involvement of a common error term in the extinction of causal learning...

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC) is a rare disorder with an unknown etiology, which is caused by a failure of the clavicle ossification nuclei union process. This is the first CPC twin instance documented in Saudi Arabia, and the fourth overall. In the 33rd week, a set of twins was born prematurely with respiratory distress syndrome. They were both admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. X-rays of the chest were taken, and the clavicular deformity was discovered. Because the twins were born via a cesarean section, a traumatic clavicular fracture was ruled out...

OBJECTIVE: Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent and troublesome condition affecting individuals with end-stage renal failure, which results in intense pruritus, depression, as well as poor quality of sleep, significantly impacting their quality of life. According to previous studies, acupuncture and acupoint stimulation have been shown to provide additional benefits in treating UP in dialysis patients. In addition, using acupoints combination may yield superior effectiveness compared to utilizing a singular acupoint...

UNLABELLED: The cerebral cortex comprises diverse types of glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) generated from radial glial progenitors (RGs) through either direct neurogenesis or indirect neurogenesis (iNG) via intermediate progenitors (IPs). A foundational concept in corticogenesis is the "inside-out" model whereby successive generations of PNs sequentially migrate to deep then progressively more superficial layers, but its biological significance remains unclear; and the role of iNG in this process is unknown...

The development of programming skills and computational thinking in the formal educational context is one of the most recent horizons set by many educational systems worldwide. Although the first computational thinking initiatives are being applied from the earliest school ages, this research focuses on the secondary education level. Specifically, the objective is the following: to analyse the implementation of Arduino, as well as the benefits and opportunities it brings to secondary school students. For this purpose, documentary research has been undertaken applying a systematic review according to the PRISMA 2020 framework following the PiCoS strategy...

Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses, and their fossil relatives) are one of the most successful mammalian clades to live in the oceans. Despite a well-resolved molecular phylogeny and a global fossil record, a complete understanding of their macroevolutionary dynamics remains hampered by a lack of formal analyses that combine these two rich sources of information. We used a meta-analytic approach to infer the most densely sampled pinniped phylogeny to-date (36 recent and 93 fossil taxa) and used phylogenetic paleobiological methods to study their diversification dynamics and biogeographic history...

It is a well-known fact that interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) are easily distorted by thermal effects and distortion results in the degradation of the performance of these sensors. Changing the fiber coil geometry, increasing the winding symmetry, adding fiber buffer layers around the fiber coil, using different modulation methods for multifunctional integrated optic chips, and using special types of fibers, such as photonic crystal fibers, are some alternative solutions for preventing this degradation...

BACKGROUND: Thus far, all the clinical models developed to predict major bleeding in patients on extended anticoagulation therapy use the baseline predictors to stratify patients into different risk groups. Therefore, these models do not account for the clinical changes and events that occur after the baseline visit, which can modify risk of bleeding. However, it is difficult to develop predictive models from the routine follow-up clinical interviews which are irregular sequences of multivariate time series data...

Henipavirus (HNV) is well known for two zoonotic viruses in the genus, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which pose serious threat to human and animal health. In August 2022, a third zoonotic virus in the genus Henipavirus, Langya virus (LayV), was discovered in China. The emergence of HeV, NiV, and LayV highlights the persistent threat of HNV to human and animal health. In addition to the above three HNVs, new species within this genus are still being discovered. Although they have not yet caused a pandemic in humans or livestock, they still have the risk of spillover as a potential threat to the health of humans and animals...

BACKGROUND: The technological applications of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have been steadily increasing since the 1950s exposing large proportions of the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) is assessing the potential health effects of exposure to RF-EMF. OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the effects of exposure to RF-EMF on self-reported non-specific symptoms in human subjects and to assess the accuracy of perceptions of presence or absence of RF-EMF exposure...

IMPORTANCE: Macrosomia represents the most significant risk factor of shoulder dystocia (SD), which is a severe and emergent complication of vaginal delivery. They are both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the diagnosis and management of fetal macrosomia and SD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comparative review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), and the Department for Health and Wellbeing of the Government of South Australia on macrosomia and SD was conducted...

OBJECTIVE: In order to exploring Erectile Dysfunction(ED) syndrome and syndrome differentiation based on latent structure to provide objective evidence to support Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) dialectic. METHODS: Cases and clinical experience in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Chinese medicine in CNKI, Wanfang Database, cqVIP Database, were searched. Time from the database construction to January, 2023. Extraction and specification of symptom data with reference to national standards...

SIGNIFICANCE: Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has rapidly emerged as a complementary tool to fluorescence imaging, as it provides an objective measure of cell morphology and dynamics, free of variability due to contrast agents. It has opened up new directions of investigation by providing systematic and correlative analysis of various cellular parameters without limitations of photobleaching and phototoxicity. While current QPI systems allow the rapid acquisition of tomographic images, the pipeline to analyze these raw three-dimensional (3D) tomograms is not well-developed...

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a clinical challenge for the lack of a sound taxonomy, frequent presentation with comorbid BPSD, lack of specific pharmacologic interventions, poor base of methodologically sound evidence with randomized clinical trials, contamination from the treatment of behavioural disturbances of young and adult psychiatric conditions, and small efficacy window of psychotropic drugs. We present here a treatment workflow based on a concept-driven literature review based on the notions that (i) the aetiology of BPSD can be mainly neurobiological (so-called 'primary' symptoms) or mainly environmental and functional ('secondary' symptoms) and that this drives treatment; (ii) the clinical efficacy of psychotropic drugs is driven by their specific profile of receptor affinity; (iii) drug treatment should follow the rules of 'start low-go slow, prescribe and revise'...

Over the last years, new evidence has accumulated on multiple aspects of diagnosis and management of cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) including identification of new risk factors, studies on interventional treatment as well as treatment with direct oral anticoagulants. Based on the GRADE questions of the European Stroke Organization guideline on this topic, the new German guideline on CVT is a consensus between expert representatives of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. New recommendations include:• CVT occurring in the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with vector vaccines may be associated with severe thrombocytopenia, indicating the presence of a prothrombotic immunogenic cause (Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia; VITT)...

AbstractThe nonrandom association between landscape characteristics and the dominant life history strategies observed in species pools is a typical pattern in nature. Here, we argue that these associations determine predictable changes in the relative importance of assembly mechanisms along broadscale geographic gradients (i.e., the geographic context of metacommunity dynamics). To demonstrate that, we employed simulation models in which groups of species with the same initial distribution of niche breadths and dispersal abilities interacted across a wide range of landscapes with contrasting characteristics...

Although the Bayesian paradigm is an important benchmark in studies of human inference, the extent to which it provides a useful framework to account for human behavior remains debated. We document systematic departures from Bayesian inference under correct beliefs, even on average, in the estimates by experimental subjects of the probability of a binary event following observations of successive realizations of the event. In particular, we find underreaction of subjects' estimates to the evidence ("conservatism") after only a few observations and at the same time overreaction after longer sequences of observations...

BACKGROUND: Acute physical activity leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). However, to what degree it can be induced by very short but highly intensive exercise is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different short all-out isokinetic exercise sessions on EIH. METHODS: Twenty young male participants underwent three different interventions (90, 15 s all-out isokinetic cycling, respectively, and control) after an individualized low-intensity warm-up in a randomized-controlled-crossover design...