Sex ratio

The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between food security status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using a nationally representative dataset. We hypothesized that food insecurity would be associated with an increased odds of having MetS. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2005-2006 to 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collection cycles. Food security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module. Presence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria...

BACKGROUND: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, and obstructed airways, is one of the craniofacial conditions challenging various approaches to managing compromised airways, ranging from conservative measures to invasive airway surgery. This study was conducted to identify predictive risk factors for tracheostomy in the PRS. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Thailand...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of diabetes complications between men and women with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as how gender relates to these complications. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, complications of diabetes, including coronary artery disease (CAD), retinopathy, neuropathy and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), were evaluated in 1867 participants with T2D. Additionally, baseline characteristics of the individuals, including anthropometric measurements, metabolic parameters and the use of dyslipidaemia drugs and antihyperglycaemic agents, were assessed...

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of countries are currently implementing or scaling-up HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care. With the introduction of PrEP, there was apprehension that condom use would decline and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) would increase. To inform sexual health counselling and STI screening programmes, we aimed to study sexual behaviour and STI incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women who use long-term daily or event-driven PrEP...

BACKGROUND: The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types considering sex and age. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea including 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed with an FPC in 2009 to 2010 and followed them until December 31, 2019...

IMPORTANCE: Injectable extended-release (XR)-naltrexone is an effective treatment option for opioid use disorder (OUD), but the need to withdraw patients from opioid treatment prior to initiation is a barrier to implementation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the standard procedure (SP) with the rapid procedure (RP) for XR-naltrexone initiation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone study was an optimized stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial conducted at 6 community-based inpatient addiction treatment units...

PURPOSE: Stoma construction and closure are common surgical strategies in patients with colorectal cancer. The present study evaluated the influence of multiple incisional sites resulting from stoma closure on incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: The study included 1681 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery. Multiple incisional sites were defined as the coexistence of incisions at the midline and stoma closure sites. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between the presence of multiple incisional sites and incisional hernia development in patients with colorectal cancer...

INTRODUCTION: Microphthalmia Transfactor Family (MiTF) translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent a rare subtype of renal cell cancers. They are diagnosed in young patients and have a poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients with MiTF RCC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive study including all patients operated for RCC between January 2015 and January 2023...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in several complications and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Limited studies have investigated the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the survival of COVID-19 patients in the ICU. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EN with biochemical and pathological indices associated with mortality in ICU patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 240 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU including 120 eventual nonsurvived as the cases and 120 survived patients as the controls...

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of gastric carcinoma in young individuals differ from older individuals. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the clinicopathological features and risk factors associated with young-onset (<50 years) gastric carcinoma. METHODS: We searched for studies published between January 1, 1990, and September 1, 2023, on patients with young-onset gastric carcinoma in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE to explore clinicopathological characteristics among this specific patient group...

OBJECTIVE: Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is an underrecognized and socially debilitating disease caused by high concentrations of bile acids in the colon. Bile acids directly and indirectly promote carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated if individuals with BAD have an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. DESIGN: By using the Danish health registries, adult individuals with BAD were identified by international classification of disease 10th revision (ICD10) code K90...

Purpose: We investigated sexual orientation disparities in several obstetric and perinatal outcomes in Louisiana and examined whether these disparities differed among Black, Latine, and White populations. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional vital records data on singleton live births in Louisiana (2016-2022). Same-sex relationships (SSR) vs. different-sex relationships (DSR) were classified based on the sex of the parents listed on the birth certificate. Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals among birthing persons in SSR vs...

BACKGROUND: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence tends to be higher among minority racial and ethnic groups. The effect of race and ethnicity following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between race and ethnicity and aSAH outcomes. METHODS: Single-center retrospective review of patients with aSAH from January 2009 to March 2023. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included delayed cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, radiographic and symptomatic vasospasm, pulmonary complications, epileptic seizures, external ventricular drain placement, and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and 3-month follow-up...

BACKGROUND: While stroke is a recognized short-term sequela of traumatic brain injury, evidence about long-term ischemic stroke risk after traumatic brain injury remains limited. METHODS: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is an ongoing prospective cohort comprised of US community-dwelling adults enrolled in 1987 to 1989 followed through 2019. Head injury was defined using self-report and hospital-based diagnostic codes and was analyzed as a time-varying exposure...

BACKGROUND: Distinct bacterial strains may affect the prognosis of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the clinical significance of respiratory bacteria in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), a progressive and debilitating disease caused by Aspergillus spp. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze data obtained from CPA patients and their sputum or bronchial washing samples and investigate the prevalence and composition of respiratory bacteria and clinical implications...

BACKGROUND: Presarcopenia is a common complication of chronic liver disease. However, the relationship between serum zinc concentration and presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease remains unclear. Herein, we examined whether serum zinc concentration could predict presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS: Between October 2015 and December 2019, 278 patients with chronic liver disease (median age, 68 years; women/men, 133/145; hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus/negative hepatitis B surface antigen and negative anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, 55/124/99) who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) and simultaneous measurement of serum zinc concentration were included...

PURPOSE: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Diagnostic tools that currently exist include painful provocative maneuvers, invasive nerve conduction studies and the use of tests that require physician's direct participation in an era of sanitary crisis and virtual consultations. Therefore, having an easily accessible, reliable and practical tool for diagnosing CTS would be highly beneficial. Herein, we investigated the diagnostic value of the "pronation compensation sign" that we described for diagnosing CTS...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is a known symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), with memory recognized as a frequently impacted domain. Here, we used high-resolution MRI at 7 tesla to build on cross-sectional work by evaluating the longitudinal relationship of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of the fornix to episodic memory performance. METHODS: A sample of 80 people with multiple sclerosis (mean age 51.9 ± 8.1 years; 24% male) underwent baseline clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, and MRI...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to study the quality of life and psychiatric comorbidities of subjects practicing voluntary skin depigmentation in the city of Cotonou. METHODS: A cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study, based on a three-stage probabilistic sampling method, included from June to October 2020, consenting subjects over 15 years of age, practicing artificial skin depigmentation, and residing for at least one year in Cotonou...

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a common feature of cerebral small vessel disease, are related to worse clinical outcomes after stroke. We assessed the impact of white matter hyperintensity changes over 1 year after minor stroke on change in mobility and dexterity, including differences between the dominant and non-dominant hands and objective in-person assessment versus patient-reported experience. We recruited participants with lacunar or minor cortical ischaemic stroke, performed medical and cognitive assessments and brain MRI at presentation and at 1 year...