space exploration

Driven by the goal of achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. Addressing environmental pollution and remediating land damage have become critical challenges in resource-based cities and regions with low land use efficiency. As a response, this study focuses on the 23 provinces where China's coal resource-based cities are situated. Utilizing data from 2014 to 2020, this research employs the SBM-Undesirable model, which considers undesirable outputs in efficiency calculations, and the Tobit regression test...

Multilabel feature selection solves the dimension distress of high-dimensional multilabel data by selecting the optimal subset of features. Noisy and incomplete labels of raw multilabel data hinder the acquisition of label-guided information. In existing approaches, mapping the label space to a low-dimensional latent space by semantic decomposition to mitigate label noise is considered an effective strategy. However, the decomposed latent label space contains redundant label information, which misleads the capture of potential label relevance...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes affects more than 4.3 million individuals in the United Kingdom, with 19% to 34% developing diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU) during their lifespan, which can lead to an amputation. In the United Kingdom, every week, approximately 169 people have an amputation due to diabetes. Preventing first-ever ulcers is the most effective strategy to reduce the occurrence of diabetes-related amputations, but research in this space is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This protocol seeks to document the experiences and perspectives of frontline health care professionals who work with people who have diabetes and diabetes-related foot problems...

Ca-substituted Ba1- x Ca x Mg2 Al6 Si9 O30 ceramics were prepared to explore the relationships among their crystal structural parameters, phase compositions, dielectric properties, and coefficients of thermal expansion and applications in C-band antenna. The maximum solubility of Ba1- x Ca x Mg2 Al6 Si9 O30 was located at x = 0.25, and Ba1- x Ca x Mg2 Al6 Si9 O30 ceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) crystallized in the space group P 6/ mcc . In Ba1- x Ca x Mg2 Al6 Si9 O30 single-phase ceramics, εr was dominated by ionic polarizability and "rattling effects" of Ba2+ and Al(2)3+ ; Q × f was controlled by the roundness of [Si4 Al2 O18 ] inner rings and total lattice energy; and τf was affected by the bond valence of Si/Al(1)-O(1)...

Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) are synthetic materials nanostructured in two dimensions that present positively charged layers with interspersed anions for charge and structure balancing. Being recognized as a promising material for various applications, a complete exploration of its possible attractive properties and its synthesis process is essential. However, drying, a necessary step in the process, is still little studied. This work aimed to produce MgAl-CO3 /LDH microspheres and calculate the volumetric heat coefficient in spray drying, evaluating the drying air inlet temperature and the concentration of the feed paste in the dryer...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a fatal blood disorder characterized by the excessive proliferation of immature white blood cells, originating in the bone marrow. An effective prognosis and treatment of ALL calls for its accurate and timely detection. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in digital pathology. However, they face challenges in classifying different subtypes of leukemia due to their subtle morphological differences. This study proposes an improved pipeline for binary detection and sub-type classification of ALL from blood smear images...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic pain frequently report cognitive symptoms that affect memory and attention, which are functions attributed to the hippocampus. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of unilateral orofacial pain. Given the stereotypical nature of TN pain and lack of negative symptoms including sensory loss, TN provides a unique model to investigate the hippocampal implications of chronic pain. Recent evidence demonstrated that TN is associated with macrostructural hippocampal abnormalities indicated by reduced subfield volumes; however, there is a paucity in our understanding of hippocampal microstructural abnormalities associated with TN...

ConspectusBuckminsterfullerene, C60 , was discovered through a prominent mass peak containing 60 atoms produced from laser vaporization of graphite, driven by Kroto's interest in understanding the formation mechanisms of carbon-containing molecules in space. Inspired by the geodesic dome-shaped architecture designed by Richard Buckminster Fuller, after whom the particle was named, C60 was found to have a football-shaped structure comprising 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons. It sparked worldwide interest in understanding this new carbon allotrope, resulting in the awarding of the Noble Prize in Chemistry to Smalley, Kroto, and Curl in 1996...

BACKGROUND: Microbial expansins (EXLXs) are non-lytic proteins homologous to plant expansins involved in plant cell wall formation. Due to their non-lytic cell wall loosening properties and potential to disaggregate cellulosic structures, there is considerable interest in exploring the ability of microbial expansins (EXLX) to assist the processing of cellulosic biomass for broader biotechnological applications. Herein, EXLXs with different modular structure and from diverse phylogenetic origin were compared in terms of ability to bind cellulosic, xylosic, and chitinous substrates, to structurally modify cellulosic fibrils, and to boost enzymatic deconstruction of hardwood pulp...

The emergence of microgrids arises from the growing integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) into Distribution Networks (DNs). Effective integration, coordination, and control of Multiple Microgrids (MMGs) whereas navigating the complexities of energy transition within this context poses a significant challenge. The dynamic operation of MMGs is a challenge faced by the traditional distributed hierarchical control techniques. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques is a promising way to improve the control and dynamic operation of MMGs in future smart DNs...

Multiple representation theories posit that concepts are represented via a combination of properties derived from sensorimotor, affective, and linguistic experiences. Recently, it has been proposed that information derived from social experience, or socialness, represents another key aspect of conceptual representation. How these various dimensions interact to form a coherent conceptual space has yet to be fully explored. To address this, we capitalized on openly available word property norms for 6339 words and conducted a large-scale investigation into the relationships between 18 dimensions...

Online Innovation Community (OIC) serves as a virtual space for users to exchange products and services, and share knowledge and information. Previous studies have indicated that community climate is an important factor affecting users' value co-creation behavior, however, the influencing process has not been clearly revealed from the perspective of motivation. In this study, we explored the relationship between online innovation community climate (supportive climate and controlling climate), user motivation and value co-creation behavior (user's participation behavior and user's citizenship behavior) based on the SOR model...

We endeavor on a rarely explored task named thermal infrared video denoising. Perception in the thermal infrared significantly enhances the capabilities of machine vision. Nonetheless, noise in imaging systems is one of the factors that hampers the large-scale application of equipment. Existing thermal infrared denoising methods, primarily focusing on the image level, inadequately utilize time-domain information and insufficiently conduct investigation of system-level mixed noise, presenting the inferior ability in the video-recorded era; while video denoising methods, commonly applied to RGB cameras, exhibit uncertain effectiveness owing to substantial dissimilarities in the noise models and modalities between RGB and thermal infrared images...

To enhance the appeal and informativeness of data news, there is an increasing reliance on data analysis techniques and visualizations, which poses a high demand for journalists' abilities. While numerous visual analytics systems have been developed for deriving insights, few tools specifically support and disseminate viewpoints for journalism. Thus, this work aims to facilitate the automatic creation of sports news from natural language insights. To achieve this, we conducted an extensive preliminary study on the published sports articles...

Emotion recognition from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a critical domain in biomedical research with applications ranging from mental disorder regulation to human-computer interaction. In this paper, we address two fundamental aspects of EEG emotion recognition: continuous regression of emotional states and discrete classification of emotions. While classification methods have garnered significant attention, regression methods remain relatively under-explored. To bridge this gap, we introduce MASA-TCN, a novel unified model that leverages the spatial learning capabilities of Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) for EEG emotion regression and classification tasks...

ConspectusIn the ever-increasing renewable-energy demand scenario, developing new photovoltaic technologies is important, even in the presence of established terawatt-scale silicon technology. Emerging photovoltaic technologies play a crucial role in diversifying material flows while expanding the photovoltaic product portfolio, thus enhancing security and competitiveness within the solar industry. They also serve as a valuable backup for silicon photovoltaic, providing resilience to the overall energy infrastructure...

MAJIS, Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer, is one of the scientific payloads aboard European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission. This instrument underwent a comprehensive characterization and calibration campaign before integration on the spacecraft. In this work, we report on the measurements of the instrumental spatial responses, including the slit and pixel functions, the knife edge function, the ensquared energy, and the keystone aberration. The measurements were repeated in several positions of the field of view and within the range of MAJIS temperatures during science observations...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of clear aligner (CA) with different shape designs at extraction space (CAES) area during space closing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A finite-element method (FEM) model of mandibular dentition, periodontal ligaments, attachments, and corresponding CA was established. The connecting rod design of CAES was modelled for the control group. Eight test groups with different heights of CAES from -4 mm to +4 mm were designed...

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds paramount importance in real-world applications. This study proposes an innovative approach utilizing a single ReS2 field-effect transistor (FET) characterized by distinct in-plane anisotropy, specifically tailored for VOC recognition. The unique responses of ReS2, endowed with robust in-plane anisotropic properties, demonstrate significant difference along the a-axis and b-axis directions when exposed to four kinds of VOCs: acetone, methanol, ethanol, and IPA...

The year 2023 was an extraordinary year for the further development and expansion of novel treatments for all patients with cervical cancer, ranging from early stage to later stage and metastatic or recurrent disease. Individuals with early-stage disease will benefit from less invasive surgery with subsequent improvement in quality of life. The effectiveness of immunotherapy has been demonstrated in upfront, locally advanced cervical cancer and confirmed in advanced metastatic disease. Induction chemotherapy will play a role in some patients with locally advanced disease, particularly those in low resource areas of the world...