Thyroid disease in pregnancy

PURPOSE: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) has been reported to affect thyroid function; however, the impact of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during COH on embryo development and early reproductive outcomes has largely not been determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether TSH levels are associated with COH and impact early reproductive outcomes in preconceptionally euthyroid women. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study...

Lingual thyroid is a rare, abnormal ectopic thyroid tissue seen at the base of the tongue. It is a rare embryological anomaly caused by the failure of the descendence of the thyroid gland from the foramen caecum to its normal prelaryngeal area. The main aim of our study is to discuss recent advancements in the management of lingual thyroid using coblation technology. We are discussing the prospective study of 12 lingual thyroid cases that came to the government ENT hospital, Koti, in Hyderabad, from July 2016 to July 2023...

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder among women globally, often requiring long-term treatment. Hormonal fluctuations in women with epilepsy (WWE) can have reciprocal effects on epilepsy and antiseizure medications (ASMs), posing significant challenges for WWE. Notably, WWE commonly experience endocrine alterations such as thyroid dysfunctions, low bone metabolism, and reproductive hormone irregularities. On the one hand, the presence of hormones in women with epilepsy affects their susceptibility to epilepsy as well as the metabolism of antiseizure medications in various ways...

Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of death in the perinatal period, this study was conducted to investigate the predictive value of β-HCG Levels in cervicovaginal secretions and maternal risk factors in preterm delivery. This cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January 1 to June 30, 2021, in  Baghdad hospitals. The data were collected and used from the mothers who went to the hospital for delivery. Demographic information of patients and some risk factors were investigated...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes with its first recognition during pregnancy. GDM is a high-risk maternal and neonatal condition which increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes in mothers and their infants. It is essential to detect and treat GDM since its inception when mothers suffer from Type 1 diabetes while carrying the foetus during the gestational period. METHODS: The study analysed individual data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) surveyed in 2015-2016 (4th round) and 2019-2021 (5th round) covering a total of approximately 6 lakhs and 7 lakhs women, respectively...

OBJECTIVE: obesity is associated with increased Thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) in non-pregnant subjects, but this phenomenon has not been fully characterized during pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of Body-Mass-Index (BMI) on first-trimester TSH in a wide cohort of pregnant women with negative anti-Thyreoperoxidase-Antibodies (AbTPO) and its implications on uterine-artery pulsatility-index (UtA-PI), a marker of early placentation. METHODS: the study included 2268 AbTPO-negative pregnant women at their first antenatal visit...

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a frequent symptom in the perimenopause. Causes are numerous, ranging from physiological reactions due to decreasing/unstable ovarian function to premalignant and malignant conditions. Benign findings such as endometrial polyps and myomas increase with age, leading to more abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopause. Cervical and vaginal causes of abnormal uterine bleeding should be excluded by speculum examination. Sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy should be ruled out...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess cardiac structure and function in patients with cirrhosis, to investigate the prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) in patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies and to analyze the risk factors for the development of CCM. METHODS: This study selected cirrhotic patients aged 18-75 years who were hospitalized in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Patients with known heart disease, chronic lung disease, severe renal insufficiency, malignancy, thyroid disease, hypertension, diabetes or pregnancy were excluded...

Preconception evaluation of couples wishing to conceive is an important step toward a healthy pregnancy and it is especially important in people with a chronic condition or at genetic risk. The most common endocrine disorders in women at reproductive age are those involving the thyroid gland and it is well recognized that hyperthyroidism (HT), over-function of the thyroid gland, is associated with risks of maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The aim of this paper is to review the latest evidence regarding the components of preconception counseling in women with HT that contemplate a pregnancy...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) in childbearing-age women are rare. We aimed to evaluate the association between CVA events prior to delivery and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database. All pregnant women who delivered or had a maternal death in the US from 2004 to 2014 were included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy. It is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and has long-term health implications for both the mother and the child. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with and without GDM in the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Baha region from April 2023 to November 2023...

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined by elevated thyrotropin (TSH) and normal free thyroxine levels, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, and small for gestational age. Despite the uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment on pregnancy outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism, LT4 is widely administered with a pre-treatment threshold TSH level of 2.5 mU/L. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of periconceptional LT4 treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism, including TSH levels >2...

OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively assess the association of husband smoking with wives' thyrotropin abnormality. METHODS: This population-based retrospective cohort study included 2 406 090 Chinese reproductive-aged women who had participated twice in the National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project between 2010 and 2020. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for subnormal and supranormal thyrotropin were estimated according to the husband's smoking status...

The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with autoimmune diseases has not been thoroughly investigated. As Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant organ-specific autoimmune condition of women of childbearing age, this study's objective was to evaluate IgM and IgG nAAbs targeting mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and heat shock proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in women diagnosed with HT who were pregnant (HTP)...

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy is a state of physiological inflammation facilitating implantation. Early isolated hypothyroxinaemia (IH) and increased inflammation (including obesity) have been associated with severe obstetric complications. The current study evaluated the association between IH, low ferritin and inflammation parameters (interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and obesity. Moreover, the course of these parameters throughout pregnancy was evaluated in relation to IH...

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily explore the association of pregnancy factors with cow's milk protein allergy in infants. METHODS: This study was based on data from a subcohort of a study called genetic susceptibility to cow's milk allergy in Chinese children, including infants born in Peking University People's Hospital between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. The infants were divided into a cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) group and a control group according to whether they had developed cow's milk protein allergy at the age of 1 year...

Background and Objectives : Graves' disease (GD) and primary aldosteronism (PA) are two pathologies that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. GD is mediated by autoantibodies, and recent studies have shown autoantibody involvement in the pathophysiology behind both PA and pre-eclampsia. The coexistence of GD and PA, however, is reportedly rare. This report describes a unique case of Graves' hyperthyroidism and concomitant PA in a patient with a history of pre-eclampsia with severe features. Case Presentation : The patient presented at 17 weeks pregnancy with mild hyperthyroidism, negative TSH receptor antibodies, and a low level of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid storm is a state of circulating thyroid hormone excess leading to multiorgan dysfunction and systemic decompensation. It typically occurs in the setting of poorly controlled hyperthyroidism and a precipitating illness or event. Management of thyroid storm in pregnancy poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. MAIN BODY: Thyroid storm is a clinical diagnosis characterized by hyperpyrexia, tachyarrhythmias, congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disturbances...

OBJECTIVE:  Our objective was to evaluate whether iodine status in pregnant patients with either subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in the first half of pregnancy is associated with measures of behavior and neurodevelopment in children through the age of 5 years. STUDY DESIGN:  This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter study consisting of two randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled treatment trials conducted in parallel. Patients with a singleton gestation before 20 weeks' gestation underwent thyroid screening using serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine...

OBJECTIVE: To outline the clinical signs, diagnosis, and course of care for a single case of neonatal hyperthyroidism while also summarizing common diagnostic errors related to this condition. METHODS: Medical records of the neonate of hyperthyroidism were collected and analyzed in combination with literature. RESULTS: The neonate's mother had thyroid disease, but her thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels were not monitored during pregnancy...