Copd treatment

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. Among various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with COPD. It has been shown that deregulation of miRNAs targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as Notch, Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor, Kras, and Smad could be involved in COPD pathogenesis...

Background: The FLAME study compared once-daily indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 μg with twice-daily salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC) 50/500 μg in symptomatic patients with moderate to very severe COPD and a history of exacerbations in the previous year. Methods: This prespecified and post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated treatment efficacy on 1) moderate/severe exacerbations according to prior exacerbation history and treatment, and 2) types of exacerbations according to health care resource utilization (HCRU) during 1-year follow-up...

Objective: Worldwide, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infection that occurs in older adults, who may have pulmonary comorbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although there have been clinical studies on the coexistence of CAP with COPD, there remain some controversial findings. This review presents the current status of COPD in CAP patients, including the disease burden, clinical characteristics, risk factors, microbial etiology, and antibiotic treatment...

COPD is an underdiagnosed, undertreated, and yet largely preventable disease. COPD affects millions of Americans on a daily basis, accounts for tens of thousands of deaths per year, and costs billions to the United States health-care system annually. Further, it impacts the quality of life for patients living with the disease. COPD care is fragmented in the United States, with a high level of responsibility placed on patients and their primary care physicians. Pulmonary specialists care for a minority of patients with COPD in the United States...

BACKGROUND: Airway clearance techniques are regularly proposed as a part of the treatment in chronic obstructive airway diseases. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is used as an airway clearance technique in patients affected by excessive lung secretions. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the physiological and clinical effects related to the use of IPV as an airway clearance technique in chronic obstructive airway diseases. METHODS: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are common in patients with underlying moderate to severe COPD and are associated with increased health and economic burden. International and Chinese guidelines recommend using glucocorticoids for the management of AECOPD because glucocorticoid therapy has been shown to benefit clinical outcomes. However, only scant data are available for current status of glucocorticoid therapy in hospitalized AECOPD patients in China...

INTRODUCTION: 1.2 million people in the UK have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes breathlessness, difficulty with daily activities, infections and hospitalisation. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a programme of supervised exercise and education, is recommended for patients with COPD. However, only 1 in 10 of those who need it receive PR. Also, the UK National COPD Audit Programme concluded that the COPD treatment might not be accessible to people with disabilities...

Ticagrelor is one of the most powerful P2Y12 inhibitor. We have recently reported that, in patients with concomitant Stable Coronary Artery Disease (SCAD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), treatment with ticagrelor, as compared to clopidogrel, is associated with an improvement of the endothelial function (Clinical Trial NCT02519608). In the present study, we showed that, in the same population, after 1 month treatment with ticagrelor, but not with clopidogrel, there is a decrease of the circulating levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that these changes in circulating levels of EGF correlate with on-treatment platelet reactivity...

BACKGROUND: Fever after stroke is common, and often caused by infections. In the current study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever (thought to include at least some proportion of endogenous fever) have different predicting factors, since they differ regarding etiology. METHODS: PubMed was searched systematically for articles describing predictors for post-stroke pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria based on the presence of fixed airflow obstruction and symptoms do not integrate the complex pathological changes occurring within the lung and they do not define different airway inflammatory patterns. The current management of COPD is based on 'one size fits all' approach and does not take the importance of heterogeneity in COPD population into account. The available treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and reduce exacerbation frequency but do not alter the course of the disease...

To investigate the effectiveness of nutritional supplement Bao Khi Khang as an adjuvant therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to conventional therapy alone. This was a prospective, randomized, open-label controlled trial in 60 patients presenting with acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients were randomized into two groups, the control and the experimental groups. The control group was treated with the standard therapeutic protocol (Antimicrobial+Corticosteroids+Bronchodilator+Mucolytic drugs)...

BACKGROUND: Previous models of Hospital at Home (HAH) for COPD exacerbation (ECOPD) were limited by the lack of a reliable prognostic score to guide patient selection. Approximately 50% of hospitalised patients have a low mortality risk by DECAF, thus are potentially suitable. METHODS: In a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial, 118 patients admitted with a low-risk ECOPD (DECAF 0 or 1) were recruited to HAH or usual care (UC). The primary outcome was health and social costs at 90 days...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, which is associated with significant mortality and costs. The molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of cigarette smoke (an accepted risk factor for COPD) and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), which is reduced in patients with COPD, in the occurrence of COPD are unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of GDF11 in the progression of COPD. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression levels of GDF11 in serum and primary lung mesenchymal cells from patients with COPD and the healthy people, and the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the expression of AKT, p-AKT (Ser473), p-AKT (Thr308) and GDF11 was examined...

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a frequent accompaniment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Co-occurrence of these two diseases is associated with many risk factors, difficulties in implementing appropriate therapies, numerous complications, and high spending for treatment. All these elements significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the expenditure for medications involved with IHD pharmacotherapy in the course of COPD. This retrospective study was based on the review of medical files of 57 patients, 27 women and 30 men, diagnosed with IHD, according to the severity classification, in the course of COPD which was staged according to the GOLD criteria...

AIM: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is a recognized treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), with good long-term haemodynamic results. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dynamics of health-related quality of life (QoL), 1 year after PTE, depends both on the clinical determinants associated with the underlying disease and the adverse events occurring in the early postoperative period. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 136 patients with CTEPH...

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the influence of liposome formulation on the ability of vesicles to penetrate a pathological mucus model obtained from COPD affected patients in order to assess the potential of such vesicles for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases by inhalation. Therefore, Small Unilamellar Liposomes (PLAIN-LIPOSOMEs), Pluronic® F127-surface modified liposomes (PF-LIPOSOMEs) and PEG 2000PE-surface modified liposomes (PEG-LIPOSOMEs) were prepared using the micelle-to-vesicle transition (MVT) method and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as model drug...

BACKGROUND: Geriatric Patients Living with HIV/AIDS (GEPPO) is a new prospective observational multicentre cohort consisting of all the HIV-positive geriatric patients being treated at 10 clinics in Italy, and HIV-negative controls attending a single geriatric clinic. The aim of this analysis of the GEPPO cohort was to compare prevalence and risk factors of individual non-communicable diseases (NCD), multi-morbidity (MM) and polypharmacy (PP) amongst HIV positive and HIV negative controls at enrolment into the GEPPO cohort...

PURPOSE: Severe asthma and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) are difficult to control and are often associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, much is not understood regarding the diagnosis and treatment of severe asthma and ACOS. To evaluate the current perceptions of severe asthma and COPD among asthma and COPD specialists, we designed an e-mail and internet-based questionnaire survey. METHODS: Subjects were selected based on clinical specialty from among the members of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases...

Ascertaining the dominant cell type driving an immunological disease is essential to understanding the causal pathology and, therefore, selecting or developing an effective treatment. Classifying immunological diseases in this way has led to successful treatment regimens for many monogenic diseases; however, when the dominant cell type is unclear and there is no obvious causal genetic mutation, then identifying the correct disease classification and appropriate therapy can be challenging. In this review we focus on pulmonary immunological diseases where an innate immune signature has been identified as a predominant aspect of the immunopathology...

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