Crvo review

Lung transplantation (LT) is a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of advanced lung disease. With improvements in post-transplant survival, complications involving different organ systems after LT are increasingly seen. While non-infectious, extrapulmonary complications after LT are not frequently responsible for early post-transplant mortality, they significantly impact the quality of life and long-term survival. These complications are, therefore, becoming increasingly relevant as patients with LT are living longer...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease. Central RVO (CRVO), in which obstruction occurs posterior to the lamina cribrosa due to various causes, manifests with extensive venous tortuosity, dilatation of blood vessels in the four quadrants, and retinal hemorrhage. The presence of macular edema decreases visual acuity in patients with CRVO, especially in elderly patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. In the last decade, treatment modalities for CRVO have improved, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents being widely used as treatment...

Purpose : To investigate the short- and long-term impact of COVID-19-related lockdown on the vision of patients requiring intravitreal injections (IVI) for neovascular Age-related Macular degeneration (nvAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods : This is a retrospective study from the Retina department of three Mass Eye and Ear centers. Charts of patients age of ≥ 18 years with any of the abovementioned diagnoses who had a scheduled appointment anytime between 17 March 2020 until 18 May 2020 (lockdown period in Boston, Massachusetts) were reviewed at baseline (up to 12 weeks before the lockdown), at first available follow-up (=actual f/u) during or after the lockdown period, at 3 months, 6 months, and at last available completed appointment of 2020...

AIM: To explore the efficacy of conbercept after switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab in eyes of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: Patients with prior treatment of a minimum of three consecutive intravitreal injections of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab, followed by injection of conbercept, were recruited. The minimal follow-up period after switching was 12mo. Central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the interval of injections was reviewed...

PURPOSE: This case report describes a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a healthy 12-year-old girl who developed retinal neovascularization at 24 years of age. To our knowledge, this is the longest time between a reported pediatric CRVO event and neovascularization. METHODS: The patient underwent a full history, physical exam, and laboratory workup to determine potential risk factors contributing to the vascular event. Fundus photos, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography were performed throughout the patient's treatment course...

To explore the factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 22 eyes of 22 treatment-naïve patients with CRVO diagnosed between September 2014 and December 2020. They received anti-VEGF treatment and follow-up for > 12 months. Mean patient age was 64.3 years; 13 (59.1%) were men. Eyes with baseline arm-to-retina (AR) time ≥ 16 s had better BCVA at 12 months (adjusted for baseline BCVA and age; B, - 0...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 predispose patients to multisystem thromboembolic events, including pulmonary emboli and deep vein thrombosis. We report a 33-year-old previously healthy man, with previous history of COVID-19 infection presented with left eye central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with secondary macular edema. All possible risk factors for thromboembolic events were excluded. After a single dose of intravitreal injection of aflibercept (2 mg in 0...

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a type of secondary glaucoma, refractory to treatment, often incurable, with very poor visual prognosis. It is characterized by the appearance of new vessels over the iris and iridocorneal angle and frequently associates the presence of a fibrovascular membrane which limits the aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber. The most common causes of NVG are: central retinal vein occlusion, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome. Once the gonioscopy developed as a part of clinical examination, it became possible to visualize the new vessels of the anterior segment of the eye in early stages and to understand the mechanisms of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), including narrowing and closing of the iridocorneal angle...

BACKGROUND: Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases, which is closely related to systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Due of its blinding, it will seriously reduce the quality of life. Macular edema (ME) caused by CRVO is one of the serious complications of visual impairment. We found that the severity of ME in CRVO was positively associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the anterior chamber...

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of trabeculectomy in the eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG), caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). Methods: A retrospective review of NVG eyes that underwent trabeculectomy between 1991 and 2019. Complete success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mmHg without antiglaucoma medications (AGM). The risk factors were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazard model...

This systematic review summarizes the evidence on patients diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) secondary to COVID-19. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar from its inception till June 2021. From an initial 55 publications, 10 studies provided specific information on COVID-19 patients with CRVO. Studies described 10 patients, 60% were male and the mean age was 39.3 ± 11.6 years. Blurred vision (40%) and decreased vision (50%) were the most common presenting complain. Symptom onset ranged from 5 days to 6 weeks after initial complaint of fever...

PURPOSE: To identify anatomic endpoints altered by intravitreal ranibizumab in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) to determine any potential underlying disease modification that occurs with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy beyond best-corrected visual acuity and central optical coherence tomography outcomes. METHODS: A post hoc analysis of a double-masked, multicenter, randomized clinical trial was performed. A total of 392 patients with macular edema after CRVO were randomized 1:1:1 to receive monthly intraocular injections of 0...

PURPOSE: To report a case series of children with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) showing a high prevalence of crowded optic disks with minimal cupping. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with CRVO from 2008 to 2019 at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital. Clinical records, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were reviewed. Optic disk anatomical parameters of the unaffected fellow eyes, including OCT-measured optic disk area and vertical cup:disk ratio, were collected and analyzed...

Purpose: To determine the population-based incidence of ocular neovascularization (NV) following central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and systemic risk factors associated with its development. Methods: Diagnosis of CRAO between January 1, 1976, and September 9, 2016, was identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a medical records linkage system for all medical care provided to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota. Records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CRAO, and data were collected on ocular NV and associated systemic diseases...

A 46-year-old man with a history of well-controlled hypertension presented with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in his right eye, which was complicated by cystoid macular edema. When the patient noted new visual symptoms, he was also experiencing muscle aches and easy fatiguability. A standard hypercoagulability panel failed to identify an etiology for his CRVO. However, the patient underwent COVID-19 antibody testing, which returned positive. The patient received a series of aflibercept injections for his macular edema, and his vision improved...

Purpose: To describe a case of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a young adult found to have elevated homocysteine after bariatric surgery and to review risk factors for CRVO in younger patients. Observations: An 18-year-old female presented with a CRVO and severe cystoid macular edema (CME). She was normotensive, not on medications, and without known heritable hypercoagulable disease. Her medical history was notable for bariatric surgery and subsequently she was found to have nutritional deficiency, anemia, and elevated homocysteine...

PURPOSE: To present select cases of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) demonstrating progressive vascular occlusion and the ischemic cascade and illustrate scenarios in which therapeutic intervention may be considered. DESIGN: Perspective. METHODS: Review and interpretation of selected literature, with perspective on the evaluation and management of patients with PAMM lesions. Multimodal imaging of 3 illustrative cases of PAMM are presented, including cross-sectional and en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), with progressive vascular occlusion and evidence of the ischemic cascade noted in 2 of the cases...

The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging haematological inflammatory biomarkers. However, their significance in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its subtypes, branch and central RVO (BRVO and CRVO, respectively), is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of NLR and PLR with RVO. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Library for studies investigating the association of NLR and PLR with RVO from inception to 2 December 2020...

Concurrent branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) are the infrequently encountered clinical entities, with only a handful of cases elaborated in the literature. This case series describes three patients who presented with a dramatic fundus appearance that led to the diagnosis of unilateral BRAO and CRVO. Hypertension could be identified as a predisposing factor in only one patient. All three patients had relatively good visual acuity at presentation. The role of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in confirming the simultaneous presence of BRAO is also illustrated...

This is a case report of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) associated with COVID-19 treated with oral aspirin therapy. A 56-year-old woman reported decreased vision in her left eye. Her left eye vision was 6/18, N10. Anterior segment was within normal limits. Left eye fundus was suggestive of CRVO and macular oedema. Optical coherence tomography showed cystoid macular oedema and neurosensory detachment. Blood work-up revealed elevated D-dimer levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). She was started on treatment with low-dose aspirin 150 mg/day...