Gliosarcoma

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of targeted particle radiation therapy with potential applications at the cellular level. Spinal cord gliomas (SCGs) present a substantial challenge owing to their poor prognosis and the lack of effective postoperative treatments. This study evaluated the efficacy of BNCT in a rat SCGs model employing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale to assess postoperative locomotor activity. We confirmed the presence of adequate in vitro boron concentrations in F98 rat glioma and 9L rat gliosarcoma cells exposed to boronophenylalanine (BPA) and in vivo tumor boron concentration 2...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the GBM variant gliosarcoma (GS) are among the tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality, providing only palliation. Stem-like glioma cells (SLGCs) are involved in tumor initiation, progression, therapy resistance, and relapse. The identification of general features of SLGCs could contribute to the development of more efficient therapies. Commercially available protein arrays were used to determine the cell surface signature of eight SLGC lines from GBMs, one SLGC line obtained from a xenotransplanted GBM-derived SLGC line, and three SLGC lines from GSs...

BACKGROUND: Gliosarcoma, an isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH-WT) variant of glioblastoma, is defined by clonal biphasic differentiation into gliomatous and sarcomatous components. While the transformation from a glioblastoma to gliosarcoma is uncommon, the subsequent transformation to osteosarcoma is rare but may provide additional insights into the biology of these typically distinct cancers. We observed a patient initially diagnosed with glioblastoma, that differentiated into gliosarcoma at recurrence, and further evolved to osteosarcoma at the second relapse...

A 45-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) developed a tumor in the left frontal lobe that showed features of giant cell glioblastoma (GC-GB). In addition to the typical GC-GB features, the tumor showed lipogenic differentiation, with many atypical lipoblasts and mature adipocytes. Tumor cells, including the lipogenic cells, were immunoreactive for GFAP, S-100 protein, ATRX, and p53. They were negative for IDH1-R132H, BRAF V600E, synaptophysin, NeuN, p16, mismatch repair proteins, and CD34. The patient is free from recurrence at approximately two years postoperatively...

Gliosarcomas (GS) are sporadic malignant tumors classified as a Glioblastoma (GBM) variant with IDH-wild type phenotype. It appears as a well-circumscribed lesion with a biphasic, glial, and metaplastic mesenchymal component. The current knowledge about GS comes from the limited literature. Furthermore, recent studies describe peculiar characteristics of GS, such as hypothesizing that it could be a clinical-pathological entity different from GBM. Here, we review radiological, biomolecular, and clinical data to describe the peculiar characteristics of PGS, treatment options, and outcomes in light of the most recent literature...

BACKGROUND: Glioma (GSM) is a highly aggressive variant of brain cancer with an extremely unfavorable prognosis. Prognosis is not feasible by traditional methods due to lack of staging criteria, and the present study aims to screen more detailed demographic factors to predict the prognostic factors of the tumors. METHODS: For this study, we extracted data of diagnosed with GSM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2019...

Gliosarcoma (GS), a morphological variant of glioblastoma, pathologically shows a biphasic pattern with gliomatous and sarcomatous components. It has been reported that GS has much higher metastatic capacity than glioblastoma. A few reports on the pathology of the extracranial metastasis of GS have shown that metastatic lesions had a sarcomatous component alone or a mixture of gliomatous and sarcomatous ones. Therefore, it is considered that GS tends to disseminate hematogenously due to its mesenchymal sarcomatous component...

INTRODUCTION: It is reported that migraine may be a risk factor for brain cancers. Since one of the best ways to assess this possible relationship is to study the molecular mechanism, here the common central dysregulated proteins between these diseases are investigated via network analysis. METHODS: The dysregulated proteins of migraine and gliosarcoma are extracted from the STRING database and interacted via Cytoscape software, version 3.7.2. to form two separate networks...

PATZ1-rearranged sarcomas are well-recognized tumors as part of the family of round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions. Whether PATZ1-rearranged central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a distinct tumor type is debatable. We thoroughly characterized a pediatric series of PATZ1-rearranged CNS tumors by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), DNA methylation analysis, gene expression profiling and, when frozen tissue is available, optical genome mapping (OGM). The series consisted of 7 cases (M:F=1.3:1, 1-17 years, median 12)...

Retinoic acid (RA) exerts pleiotropic effects during neural development and regulates homeostasis in the adult human brain. The RA signal may be transduced through RXR (retinoid-X receptor)-non-permissive RA receptor/RXR heterodimers or through RXR-permissive RXR heterodimers. The significance of RA signaling in malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and gliosarcoma (GS) is poorly understood. In particular, the impact RA has on the proliferation, survival, differentiation, or metabolism of GBM- or GS-derived cells with features of stem cells (SLGCs) remains elusive...

Gliosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant central nervous system tumor that accounts for 1%-8% of glioblastomas; it usually occurs in middle-aged and older adults between 40 and 60 years of age and is rare in children. We report an 11-year-old boy with right frontal lobe gliosarcoma who underwent aggressive gross total resection and postoperative radiotherapy, experienced recurrence and subsequently underwent a second operation. To better understand the disease and explore treatment options, we briefly report this case and review the relevant literature...

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BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) presents similarities with the human bone structure and presents properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity, which favors its use in prostheses implants and enables its use as a vehicle for the delivery of photosensitizers (PS) from systems of release (DDS) for photodynamic therapy applications Methods: In this work was to synthesized hydroxyapatite microspheres (meHAp), encapsulated with chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc), for DDS...

Telomerase promoter (TERTp) mutations are frequently observed in various types of tumours and commonly characterised by two specific hotspots located at positions -124 and -146 upstream of the start codon. They enhance TERTp activity, resulting in increased TERT expression. In central nervous system (CNS) tumours, they are integrated as biomarkers, aiding in the diagnosis and with a role in prognosis, where, in some settings, they are associated with aggressive behaviour. In this study, we evaluated the performance of TERTmonitor for TERTp genotyping in a series of 185 gliomas in comparison to the traditional method, Sanger sequencing...

The current World Health Organization classification of gliomas is based on morphological, genetic, and molecular parameters. In this review, we intend to present the most relevant cytological features of these tumours, with a particular focus on their analysis during intraoperative studies. Rapid diagnosis is required in this context, and at present it is not possible to evaluate the genetic or molecular profile of a tumour intraoperatively. New terminology and diagnostic parameters have been introduced, but the essence of intraoperative recognition remains the same...

BACKGROUND: High-grade gliomas have a poor prognosis and do not respond well to treatment. Effective cancer immune responses depend on functional immune cells, which are typically absent from the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and activity of two adenoviral vectors expressing HSV1-TK (Ad-hCMV-TK) and Flt3L (Ad-hCMV-Flt3L) in patients with high-grade glioma. METHODS: In this dose-finding, first-in-human trial, treatment-naive adults aged 18-75 years with newly identified high-grade glioma that was evaluated per immunotherapy response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria, and a Karnofsky Performance Status score of 70 or more, underwent maximal safe resection followed by injections of adenoviral vectors expressing HSV1-TK and Flt3L into the tumour bed...

Modern external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) techniques rely on the accurate positioning of the patient using the treatment couch. These motorized couches have weight limits that have decreased over time and are not able to support severely obese patients requiring EBRT. We aimed to develop a technique to support obese patients who are above their weight tolerance while accurately delivering radiation treatment to a brain tumor. This technique was used on a patient receiving adjuvant radiation for gliosarcoma, a variant of glioblastoma...

Gliosarcoma (GS) is a primary central nervous system tumor. It is an unusual type of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and rarely invades the skull base. It has a biomorphic tissue pattern with rapid alternation zones of glial and mesenchymal differentiation. We report the case of a 62-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of unsteady gait associated with dizziness. Brain MRI showed a right temporal mass that invaded the skull base with perilesional edema and a significant mass effect on the right lateral ventricle...

IMPORTANCE: Knowledge about the prevalence and tumor types of CDKN2A-related melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome (MAS) is limited and could improve disease recognition. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and describe the tumor types of MAS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed all available MAS cases from medical centers in the US (2 sites) and Europe (2 sites) and from biomedical population genomic databases (UK Biobank [United Kingdom], Geisinger MyCode [US]) between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 2020...

Systemic malignancy can induce hypercoagulation and can cause retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Although RVO has been reported in association with breast, renal, lung, prostate, and ovarian malignancies, it has not been reported in brain tumors. We are reporting a case of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) associated with recurrent frontal lobe gliosarcoma. The association was established after ruling out all other systemic causes that can produce bilateral CRVO. The importance of this case report lies in the fact that, while evaluating bilateral CRVO cases, these rare associations should also be kept in mind...