osteomyelits

Mandibular osteomyelitis in paediatric population presents as painful swelling with progressive trismus. Often the aetiology for this form of progressive osteomyelitis is inconclusive. The infective aetiology in this condition is difficult to assign as bone tissue culture is found to be seldom positive. We present a case of an 11-year-old girl, with hearing and speech impairment, who presented with report of painful right-sided mandibular swelling with progressive trismus. Clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings were suggestive of sclerotic osteomyelitis...

INTRODUCTION: Cat scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae with bone involvement is a rare presentation. CASE REPORT: We report a case of disseminated bartonellosis with multifocal osteomyelitis and multiple visceral involvement in an immunocompetent adult. Diagnostic confirmation was obtained by PCR on lymphadenopathy. In addition to our observation, 31 cases of bartonellosis with bone involvement were reported in the literature. Diagnosis is based on a combination of history, serology and PCR performed on tissue...

A plausible cause of persistent infection after septic hip revision may be the presence of nonviable osteomyelitic bone. Since surgical excision of these necrotic fragments is often challenging, the use of fluorescent tetracycline bone labeling (FTBL) as an intraoperative tool may pose an additional assessment aid to provide a visual index of surgical debridement. Methods : We present a single-center study performed in a university hospital from January 2018 to June 2020, in which all consecutive cases of chronic hip periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) undergoing revision using FTBL were retrospectively reviewed...

We report an unusual and rare case of infection from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in a preterm neonate in NICU. On day of life 8, a preterm baby boy suddenly developed arthritis, giant cutaneous abscesses and an osteomyelitic focus with pour clinical condition. This very aggressive presentation of infection from MRSA push us to test Panton-Valentine leukocidin resulted positive and to test contacts to discover the bearer of the germ. MRSA producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin is an unusual case of infection in preterm neonate that has not been reported elsewhere...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Osteopetrosis is a poorly known and probably underdiagnosed pathology. It is caused by various genetic abnormalities resulting in osteoclast dysfunction. Functional and aesthetic consequences have a major impact on the patient's quality of life. Ten percent of osteopetrosis cases develop osteomyelitis that usually involves the mandible. Management of this complication remains complex and often unsatisfactory. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with osteopetrosis, complicated by mandibular osteomyelitis with intra-oral bone exposure and submental fistulas...

Osteomyelits due to concurrent multi-drug resistance organisms is difficult to treat for any surgeon and infectious disease physician. An eleven-year-old boy presenting with an open fracture of the left radius and ulna after a fall in a stagnant wet field. Despite prophylactic antibiotics and surgical intervention, the open wound was infected, and Chromobacterium violaceum as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated. He was treated with six weeks of parenteral cefepime and amikacin and was discharged upon clinical improvement...

Acute neonatal osteomyelitis is a challenging disease and its diagnostic is important to avoid comorbidities. Staphylococcus aureus is the most often involved germ. The diagnostic challenge lies in its pauci-symptomatology in the premature infant in contrast to a more obvious clinical presentation in the term infant or child. The risk factors inherent to prematurity are invasive monitoring, repeated blood sampling, prolonged central catheterization, immature immune response and length of hospital stay. We report the case of an osteomyelitis secondary to staphylococcal sepsis in a preterm infant born at 25 weeks and 3 days of gestational age...

Craniosynostosis, a deformity of the skull caused by premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures, is treated surgically via endoscopic approaches or cranial vault remodeling. Postoperative infection is rare. Management of postoperative surgical site infections often involves culture-directed intravenous antibiotics and debridement, with removal of osteomyelitic bone and hardware in refractory cases. Removal of autologous bone in a pediatric patient presents a reconstructive challenge, as alloplastic options are not optimal in a growing child, especially in the setting of infection...

Bone loss is a major complication of osteomyelitis and from numerous in-vitro studies, it has been concluded that the bone lysis is caused by elevated expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), leading to increased osteoclast activity. However, we failed to find any relationship between bone loss and osseous RANKL expression in a porcine model of acute and chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis (IAO) due to Staphylococcus aureus or in chronic osteomyelitis lesions in slaughter pigs...

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent infectious disease in Southeast Asia. It causes both pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. TB of the wrist is rare and presents as osteomyelitis or tenosynovitis. We report a middle-aged male with carpal bone tuberculous osteomyelitis. He presented with left wrist pain initially treated as gouty arthritis. Within 2 weeks, he developed seropurulent discharge with osteomyelitic changes on imaging. He underwent debridement, and intraoperatively, there was destruction of most carpal bones...

BACKGROUND: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is the clinical gold standard biomaterial for local antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis. However, it releases 50% of the antibiotic within first three days. It generates excessive heat during polymerization and is non-biodegradable. It must be removed by another operation. The best-known alternative for PMMA is hydroxyapatite. OBJECTIVE: The present work is focused to synthesize the biodegradable hydroxyapatite in nano form for slow and sustained release of antibiotics and to study the release kinetics of antibiotics...

BACKGROUND: Complications of acute sinusitis affecting multiple sites are very uncommon, and generally develop for a delayed diagnosis of the primary infection, with possible severe and life-threatening evolution. Patients can have variable presentations according to the site and extent of the infection. Multiple forms generally include the coexistence of orbital manifestations and intracranial infections. We here present a case with unusual multiple sites locations (i.e.: intraorbital intraconic abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, preclival abscess, multiple splanchnocranium osteomyelitic processes)...

BACKGROUND: Ferumoxytol, an FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) preparation used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, is also known to be taken up by macrophages in areas of infection or inflammation, where it produces negative contrast changes on T2-weighted MR images. PURPOSE: We sought to compare Ferumoxytol-induced MRI contrast changes with those observed using standard-of-care Gadolinium in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of osteomyelitis...

There is an increased demand for an ideal biodegradable biomaterial that eradicates infection, while concurrently promoting tissue regeneration in osteomyelitic bone, which eliminates the need for revision surgery. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a nanocomposite fibrous scaffold (silica coated nanohydroxyapatite-gelatin reinforced with poly-l-lactic acid yarns) containing vancomycin for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced osteomyelitis in rat models...

BACKGROUND: Failed conservative treatment and complications are indications for foot reconstruction in Charcot arthropathy. External fixation using the Ilizarov principles offers a one-stage procedure for deformity correction and resection of osteomyelitic bone. The aim of this study was to determine whether external fixation with an Ilizarov ring fixator leads reliably to walking ability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 29 patients treated with an Ilizarov ring fixator for Charcot arthropathy were retrospectively analyzed...

The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is well established in scalp burn reconstruction. However, its application in at-risk patients and hostile scalp wounds remains controversial and only described in the pediatric setting. This study aims to describe the pre-operative factors leading to the decision to use ADM in adult patients undergoing complex scalp reconstruction, and to describe the postoperative outcomes including wound breakdown and need for reoperation. This is a retrospective case series of patients undergoing scalp reconstruction with use of ADM...

Background: There are many options to treat post osteomyelitic gaps in forearm bones. We report a pediatric series with postosteomyelitic forearm segmental defects reconstructed with fibular only graft: the non vascular fibular intramedullary bridging bone and additional grafting (FIBBAG) and the results thereof. Methods: Outcomes in 8 patients treated with fibular strut and overlay matchstick grafts were retrospectively assessed. The clinical results were expressed as forearm shortening, range of motion at elbow and wrist joint...

The aim of the present investigation is to report the prevalence of spontaneous fractures associated with leg skeletal pathology and compromised welfare in commercial broiler chickens. Our studies focused on fractures of different leg segments (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) detected as incidental findings during pathoanatomic examinations in cases of rickets, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and femoral head necrosis (FHN). The morphogenetic and etiopathogenetic aspects of the findings were further investigated through histopathologic, bacteriologic, and bone mineral analyses...

The clinical, ultrasonographic, radiographic, cytologic and bacteriologic findings, diagnosis and surgical treatment of two heifers with septic metacarpal physitis (type-1 osteomyelitis) and concurrent serofibrinous arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint are described. Osteomyelitis likely occurred by haematogenous spread following bronchopneumonia in one heifer and developed post-traumatically in the other. In both patients, ultrasonographic examination using the 7.5 MHz linear probe showed moderate effusion of the palmar and dorsal MCP joint pouches and highly irre-gular bone contours with depression and periosteal new bone formation at the metacarpal growth plate...

Large segmental bone defects due to major trauma constitute a major challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon, especially when combined with poor or lost soft tissue envelope. Vascularized fibular transfer is considered as the gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects of the extremities due to its predictable vascular pedicle, long cylindrical shape, and tendency to hypertrophy, and resistance to infection. Vascularized bone grafts remain viable throughout the healing period and are capable of inducing rapid graft union without prolonged creeping substitution, osteogenesis and hypertrophy at the reconstruction site, and fight with infection...