D-aspartic

Colon cancer is on the rise in both men and women. In addition to traditional treatment methods, herbal treatments from complementary and alternative medicine are actively followed. Naturally derived from plants, thymoquinone (TQ) has drawn a lot of attention in the field of cancer treatment. MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, is used to improve memory and plasticity, but it has also lately been explored as a potential cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine the roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate agonists and Thymoquinone on mitochondria and apoptosis...

OBJECTIVES: Investigation of chronic homocysteine action on the excitability and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) sensitivity of the peripheral trigeminovascular system of rats. BACKGROUND: Migraine is a neurological disease that affects 15%-20% of the general population. Epidemiological observations show that an increase of the sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteine in plasma-called hyperhomocysteinemia-is associated with a high risk of migraine, especially migraine with aura...

BACKGROUND: The preservation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the facilitation of axon regeneration are crucial considerations in the management of various vision-threatening disorders. Therefore, we investigate the efficacy of interleukin-4 (IL-4), a potential therapeutic agent, in promoting neuroprotection and axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as identified through whole transcriptome sequencing in an in vitro axon growth model. METHODS: A low concentration of staurosporine (STS) was employed to induce in vitro axon growth...

Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of development of schizophrenia in the offspring. Sex steroid hormone analogues have been proposed as potential antipsychotic treatments but the mechanisms of action involved remain unclear. Estrogen has been shown to alter N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding in the brain. We therefore studied the effect of chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol, its isomer, 17α-estradiol, and the selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, on MIA-induced psychosis-like behaviour and the effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801...

AIM: To investigate the protective effects, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of eicosane on glutamate-induced cell damage and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury in a mouse model of glaucoma. METHODS: The protective effects of eicosane on the rat R28 retinal precursor cell line were assessed using cell counting kit-8 assays and Hoechst-propidium iodide staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorescent probe 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and flow cytometry...

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, i.e., inotropic glutamate receptors, are important in synaptic plasticity, brain growth, memory, and learning. The activation of NMDA is done by neurotransmitter glutamate and co-agonist (glycine or D-serine) binding. However, the over-activation of NMDA elevates the intracellular calcium influx, which causes various neurological diseases and disorders. Therefore, to prevent excitotoxicity and neuronal death, inhibition of NMDA must be done using its antagonist. This review delineates the structure of subunits of NMDA and the conformational changes induced after the binding of agonists (glycine and D-serine) and antagonists (ifenprodil, etc...

Biological photo-responsive ion channels play important roles in the important metabolic processes of living beings. To mimic the unique functions of biological prototypes, the transition metal dichalcogenides, owing to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, are already used for artificial intelligent channel constructions. However, there remain challenges to building artificial bio-semiconductor nanochannels with finely tuned band gaps for accurately simulating or regulating ion transport...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transient hypofunction of the NMDA receptor represents a convergence point for the onset and further development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Although the cumulative evidence indicates dysregulation of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia, the integrity of the synaptic transmission and plasticity conveyed by the somatosensorial inputs to the dentate gyrus, the perforant pathway synapses, have barely been explored in this pathological condition...

The goal of palliative care is to focus on the holistic needs of the patient and their family versus the pathology of the patient's diagnosis to reduce the stress of illness. U.S. servicemembers deployed to austere environments worldwide have significantly less access to palliative care than in military treatment facilities in the U.S. Preparation for future conflicts introduces the concept of prolonged medical management for an environment where urgent casualty evacuation is impossible. Ketamine is currently widely used for analgesia and anesthesia in the care of military service members and its use has increased in combat zones of Iraq and Afghanistan due to the favorable preservation of respiratory function, minimal changes in hemodynamics, and lower pain scores compared to opioids...

Endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane (ER-PM) junctions mediate Ca2+ flux across neuronal membranes. The properties of these membrane contact sites are defined by their lipid content, but little attention has been given to glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Here, we show that GM1-ganglioside, an abundant GSL in neuronal membranes, is integral to ER-PM junctions; it interacts with synaptic proteins/receptors and regulates Ca2+ signaling. In a model of the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease, GM1-gangliosidosis, pathogenic accumulation of GM1 at ER-PM junctions due to β-galactosidase deficiency drastically alters neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis...

Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most challenging and prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally with a rising prevalence, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes. Current research aims to determine the nootropic and anti-amnesic effect of Empagliflozin (EMPA) against scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats, by modulating the cholinergic and N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Rats were treated once daily with an EMPA (5 and 10 mg/kg) and donepezil (2...

The brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the daily function of children with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) after a minimal follow-up of 5 years. METHODS: Patients 18 years and younger by the time of disease onset, whose serum and CSF were studied in our center between 2013 and 2017, were included in the study. Patients' daily life function was assessed by their physicians using a 15-domain question format (Liverpool Outcome Score). RESULTS: Of 76 patients, 8 (11%) died and 68 were followed for a mean of 7...

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in glaucoma families. Typical glaucoma develops because of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas NTG develops despite normal IOP. As a subtype of open-angle glaucoma, NTG is characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, gradual loss of axons, and injury to the optic nerve. The relationship between glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress has elicited great interest in NTG studies. We recently reported that suppressing collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation in S522A CRMP2 mutant (CRMP2 KIKI) mice inhibited RGC death in NTG mouse models...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a serious mental disorder and the most prevalent cause of disability and suicide worldwide. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can lead to a significant acceleration of depression development. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of pharmacological effects. Recent studies have shown that quercetin can improve CUMS-induced depression-like behavior, but the mechanism of its improvement is still unclear. α2δ-1 is a regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channel, which can interact with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) to form a complex...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been known since the end of the eighteenth century. Today, N2O plays a huge role as a greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting stratospheric molecule. The main sources of anthropogenic N2O emissions are agriculture, fuel combustion, wastewater treatment, and various industrial processes. By contrast, the contribution of medical N2O to the greenhouse effect appears to be small. The recreational and medical uses of N2O gradually diverged over time. N2O has analgesic and anesthetic effects, making it widely used in modern dentistry and surgery...

The Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel is abundant on several elements of the central nervous system including astrocytes. It has been already demonstrated that activation of these channels is able to elicit calcium waves on astrocytes, which contributes to the release of gliotransmitters. Astrocyte- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent slow inward currents (SICs) are hallmarks of astrocyte-neuron communication. These currents are triggered by glutamate released as gliotransmitter, which in turn activates neuronal NMDA receptors responsible for this inward current having slower kinetics than any synaptic events...

N -methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are the main class of ionotropic receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They play a crucial role in the permeability of Ca2+ ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Being heteromeric receptors, they are composed of several subunits, including two obligatory GluN1 subunits (eight splice variants) and regulatory GluN2 (GluN2A~D) or GluN3 (GluN3A~B) subunits. Widely distributed in the brain, they regulate other neurotransmission systems and are therefore involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning and memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity...

Cancer is a significant global health threat and a leading cause of death worldwide. Effective early-stage interventions, particularly surgery, can potentially cure many solid tumors. However, the risk of postoperative cancer recurrence remains high. Recent research highlights the influence of perioperative anesthetic and analgesic choices on the fate of residual cancer cells, potentially affecting recurrence risks. Among these agents, ketamine-a well-known anesthetic and analgesic-has garnered interest due to its antitumor properties, mainly through inhibiting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor found in various cancer tissues...

Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA/Actilyse) stands as the prevailing pharmacological solution for treating ischemic stroke patients, of whom because their endogenous circulating tPA alone is not sufficient to rescue reperfusion and to promote favorable outcome. Beyond the tPA contributed by circulating endothelial cells and hepatocytes, neurons also express tPA, sparking debates regarding its impact on neuronal fate ranging from pro-survival to neurotoxic properties. In order to investigate the role of neuronal tPA during brain injuries, we developed models leading to its conditional deletion in neurons, employing AAV9-pPlat-GFP and AAV9-pPlat-Cre-GFP along with tPA floxed mice...