determination hair

Inhibitory G alpha (GNAI or Gαi) proteins are critical for the polarized morphogenesis of sensory hair cells and for hearing. The extent and nature of their actual contributions remains unclear, however, as previous studies did not investigate all GNAI proteins and included non-physiological approaches. Pertussis toxin can downregulate functionally redundant GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3, and GNAO proteins, but may also induce unrelated defects. Here, we directly and systematically determine the role(s) of each individual GNAI protein in mouse auditory hair cells...

The determination of an individual's geographic origin is an essential aspect of forensic investigations. When primary identifiers cannot be used to make a positive identification, isotope analysis can be utilized to provide new leads. Modern reference data are essential for accurate interpretation of human isotopic data in terms of diet and origin. This article presents Sr-O-C-N-H isotope data of modern individuals (hair, dental enamel, and dentine collagen) and drinking water from the Netherlands. The δ 15 N values of human hair fall within the range of values observed worldwide and cannot be utilized to differentiate from other countries...

A skin marker-based motion capture model providing measures of scapular rotations was recently developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity and the interrater reliability of the model. Shoulder range of motion (RoM) and activities of daily living (ADL) were tested in healthy volunteers with reflective markers on the scapula and thorax. To investigate the validity, the model was compared to simultaneous data collection from markers on a scapular intracortical pin. The interrater reliability was tested by comparing the skin marker-based protocol performed by two investigators...

Herein, a visual and luminescent dual-mode (colorimetric and fluorometric) method for the detection of P-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye was successfully established based on cerium-nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Ce, N-CDs) that displayed remarkable luminescence and peroxidase activity. Ce, N-CDs catalyzed H2 O2 to produce superoxide anion, which then oxidized the colorless 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB), capable of quenching the fluorescence through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Ce, N-CDs and oxTMB...

The development of advanced functional nanomaterials for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) remains an imperative aspect of sample pretreatment. Herein, we introduce a novel SPME fiber consisting of graphene fibers modified with ordered mesoporous carbon nanotubes arrays (CNTAs) tailored for the determination of benzene series in oilfield wastewater, which is synthesized by an ionic liquid-assisted wet spinning process of graphene nanosheets, followed by a precisely controlled growth of metal-organic framework and subsequent pyrolysis treatment...

PURPOSE: We investigated the inhibitory effect of edaravone (EDR) lotion on chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) to improve the quality of life for patients with cancer. METHODS: Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CPA, 75 mg/kg) to induce CIA and divided into six groups: (1) Control; (2) EDR 0%; (3) EDR 0.3%; (4) EDR 3%. The TUNEL-positive area was examined histologically, and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related factors, such as B-cell/CLL lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), were determined...

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a major cause of hair loss resulting from a complex interplay between various genes and hormones with the result being follicular miniaturization and altered hair cycle dynamics. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a well-established role as adjunctive therapy in AGA but there are many limitations of it. In an attempt to overcome the shortcomings of PRP, liquid platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was developed. AIM: This article critically reviews the protocol for the preparation and clinical outcomes of PRF...

INTRODUCTION: To understand the family's role in adolescents' mental health development and the connection to neurodevelopmental disorders related to experienced parental physical abuse, we first explored resilience pathways longitudinally and secondly, connected the identified patterns to adolescents' hair cortisol levels that are rooted in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as the main stress response system and connected brain structure alterations. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal online questionnaire data for three consecutive high school years (from seventh to ninth grade) and four survey waves from a representative sample of n = 1609 high school students in Switzerland on violence-resilience pathways...

Minoxidil is a widely utilized medication androgenic alopecia. An original investigation on its potential to cause hair darkening in treated people is lacking. We conducted an observational study using two face-validated questionnaires that dermatologists altered to assess minoxidil's hair discolouration risk. This Saudi Arabian survey collected data in October and November 2022. One questionnaire targeted the population, while the other targeted dermatologists. Survey 1 included 453 patients, 56.7% of whom were 18-24 and mostly female...

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic alteration involved in diverse biological processes and diseases. Nevertheless, the precise role of DNA methylation in chemotherapeutic drug-induced alopecia remains unclear. This study examined the role and novel processes of DNA methylation in regulating of chemotherapeutic drug-induced alopecia. METHODS: A mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced alopecia was established. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for the Ki67 proportion and a mitochondrial membrane potential assay (JC-1) were performed to assess the structural integrity and proliferative efficiency of the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs)...

INTRODUCTION: De la Chapelle Syndrome, also known as 46 XX disorders, is a genetic condition that affects sexual development and presents challenges, in physical, hormonal, and genetic aspects. CASE PRESENTATION: This case study explores a 42-year man with de la Chapelle Syndrome who experienced primary subfertility for eight years. The patient demonstrated delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics, shrinking testes and sparse hair distribution. A team comprising fertility specialists, uro surgeons, endocrinologists and genetic counselors collaborated to develop an approach...

Trace elements are essential for maintaining the body's homeostasis, and their special role has been demonstrated in skin physiology. Among the most important trace elements are zinc, copper, and iron. A deficiency or excess of trace elements can be associated with an increased risk of skin diseases, so increasing their supplementation or limiting intake can be helpful in dermatological treatment. In addition, determinations of their levels in various types of biological material can be useful as additional tests in dermatological treatment...

Limited data about the differences between the decomposition of animals with fur exist within the forensic veterinary medicine discipline. Due to the sheer number of animals used as animal models and the number of animals that exist, determining stages of decomposition that are applicable for all species is difficult. Typically, assessing what stage of decomposition a decedent is in is subjective due to the visual assessment of decomposition changes. A method developed to rectify this issue was the total body score (TBS) method, which assigns a numerical value based on the degree of decomposition to the head, torso, and limbs...

Coat color is a factor affecting heat tolerance in tropical ruminant and a particular coat color can determine which is more resilient to environmental changes. The aim of this study was to measure the level of adaptation of Morada Nova sheep with different coat color by using an Adaptability Index (AI). Adult ewes were used, including two different coat colors of Morada Nova sheep (red and white) with mean of body weight of 28.02 ± 5.70 kg and 31.47 ± 3.41 kg, respectively...

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Ageing is a biochemical, metabolic and genetic physiological phenomenon. The suppression of melanin biosynthesis, evident in the greying of the hair, is a hallmark of ageing resulting from translation failure, reduced enzyme activity and cellular senescence. Putrescine, the smallest member of the polyamine family and an organic chemical, is present in living mammalian cells and plays a crucial role in regulating skin melanogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of putrescine on the signalling pathways of melanogenesis in melanoma cells...

Vitiligo, as a common pigment defect in the skin, hair, and mucous membranes, results from the destruction of melanocytes. Recent investigations have shown that miRNA dysregulation contributes in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Therefore, in this research, our aim is to explore the relationship between miR-202 rs12355840, miR-211 rs8039189, and miR-1238 rs12973308 polymorphisms and susceptibility to vitiligo. A total number of 136 vitiligo patients and 129 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this research...

The complex manifestation of diabetic hearing loss and the relative inaccessibility of the inner ear contribute to the lack of research. The present study aimed to reveal the role of Apelin-13, a critical regulator of lipid metabolism, in diabetes-induced hearing loss. Cochlear hair cells treated with high glucose (HG) were adopted as an in vitro research model, and the impacts of Apelin-13 on cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were determined...

BACKGROUND: Data on dermatological manifestations of Costello syndrome (CS) remain heterogeneous and lack in validated description. OBJECTIVES: To describe the dermatological manifestations of CS; compare them with the literature findings; assess those discriminating CS from other RASopathies, including cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) and the main types of Noonan syndrome (NS); and test for dermatological phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS: We performed a 10-year, large, prospective, multicentric, collaborative dermatological and genetic study...

Deafness is the prevailing sensory impairment among humans, impacting every aspect of one's existence. Half of congenital deafness cases are attributed to genetic factors. Studies have shown that Luzp2 is expressed in hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells of the inner ear, but its specific role in hearing remains unclear. To determine the importance of Luzp2 in auditory function, we generated mice deficient in Luzp2. Our results revealed that Luzp2 has predominant expression within the HCs and pillar cells...

Ladakh, one of the highest inhabited regions globally, hosts the unique Changthangi goat, renowned for producing Pashmina, the world's most luxurious natural fiber. In comparison, the fiber derived from Changthangi sheep is considered next only to Pashmina. This research endeavors to compare the skin transcriptome profiles of Changthangi goats and Changthangi sheep, aiming to discern the molecular determinants behind the recognition of Changthangi goats as the source of Pashmina. Drawing upon previously conducted studies, a collective of 225 genes correlated with fiber characteristics were extracted from the differentially expressed genes noticed between the two species (p-value of ≤ 0...