Tiamine

Chlorpyrifos is a extensively used organophosphate pesticide (OP). In this study, we closely looked into neurotoxicity of CPF and effect of vitamin B1, by checking the levels of cholinesterases, determining the activity of parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation and also level of apoptotic regulator. The study was performed on a total of 80 male Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), (two control and 6 experimental groups, n = 10). Three group of quails were given by gavage chlorpyrifos (CPF) for 7 consecutive days at doses of 1...

Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder, clasically characterized by altered consciousness, ophtalmoparesis, and ataxia results from tiamin deficiency. It is frequently associated with chronic alcohol abuse; however, many conditions which lead to thiamine deficiency such as gastric surgery, hyperemesis, parenteral nutrition, malnutrition may also be the cause. WE is a life-threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and rapid initiation of intravenous thiamin therapy. In patients, findings of characteristic examinations may not always be seen; therefore, imaging methods are of great importance...

Chemical investigation of the roots of Entandrophragma congoënse (Meliaceae) led to the isolation of two new 3,4-seco-tirucallane triterpenes, namely seco-tiaminic acids B and C (1 and 2) together with nine known compounds: 3,4-secotirucalla-21-formyl-23-oxo-4(28),7,24-trien-3-oic acid (3), methyl angolensate (4), molucensin N (5), molucensin O (6), piscidinol A (7), 7α,20(S)-dihydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one (8), 24-methylene-cholest-5-en-3β,7α-diol (9), entilin A (10), and entilin B (11). Their structures were determined using extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and CD analyses; new results were compared to existing data in the literature...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to compare measured glomerular filtration rate by technetium radiolabled diethylene tiamine pentaacetic acid (mGFR DTPA) to estimated GFR (eGFR). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is estimated from serum creatinine (eGFRcreatinine), serum cystatin C (eGFRcystatin C) and by combined equation (eGFRcreatinine+cystatin C). This study focuses on oncology patients considered for treatment with cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin). We evaluated the impact of different GFR methods on the reduction of cisplatin dose...

Eight new triterpenoids, prototiamins A-G (1-6, 9) and seco-tiaminic acid A (10), were isolated along with four known compounds from the bark of Entandrophragma congoënse. Their structures were elucidated by means of HRMS and different NMR techniques and chemical transformations. Assignments of relative and absolute configurations for the new compounds were achieved using NOESY experiments and by chemical modification including the advanced Mosher's method. Additionally, the structure and relative configuration of compound 3 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis...

Maple syrup disease is secondary to a deficiency of deshydrogenase complex of a cetoacid of branched-chain. This disease has a recessive autosomic inheritance, with an incidence of 1/200,000 newborns, without differences between male and female. Due to clinical presentation and biochemical response to tiamin, these patients can be classified in five clinical entities: classic, intermediate, intermittent, positive response to tiamin and deficiency of dihydrolipoyl deshydrogenase (E3). In these patients, an increase of seric branched-chain aminoacids is detected, it could be detected by (chromatography) during neonatal period...

To evaluate the thiamine status of the population consuming the refined cereals and its products, we studied thiamine concentration in 23 food samples and human urine, and three-day dietary survey was conducted. The results showed that the thiamine content in the staple food was much lower than that in the raw material. The thiamine intake from diet was below to 80% RDA in 42.8% investigated families and the thiamine energy ratio was lower than 0.5 mg/4186.8 kJ in 71.5% of them. For the ratio of urinary tiamine (mg)/urinary inosine (g), 51...

The purified aurochs (Bison bonasus, European bison) heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) has a set of subunits typical of mammalian PDC. PDC from aurochs heart contains firmly bound tiamine pyrophosphate in the amount providing over 50% of the maximal activity of the complex. The apparent value for activation energy of PDC is 60 kJ/mol. The Michaelis constant values for aurochs heart PDC are 22.4 +/- 1.0, 3.3 +/- 0.1 and 24.4 +/- 3.6 microM for pyruvate, CoA and NAD, accordingly. Acetyl-CoA is a competitive inhibitor with respect to CoA (Ki = 14...

Studied was the effect of tiamin at the rate of 50 mg/kg mixture and white of egg in ratios of 25 and 50 per cent to the feed on the course of coccidiosis in chickens caused by Eimeria tenella. It was found that those of the birds that were offered 25 per cent white of egg and tiamin in a dose of 100 mg per kg exhibited more severe signs of coccidiosis had more pronounced morphologic changes with a higher mortality rate and the amount of the oocysts shed was higher than the same indices in birds having received the vitamin at the rate of 50 mg per kg and white of egg in a ration of 50 per cent to the feed...