Metatarsal

BACKGROUND: Female representation within athletics has increased as a result of Title IX, rising popularity, demand for equal compensation, and greater participation in multiple sports. Despite this, gender disparities in sports medicine research are apparent. This project serves to review the literature available on fifth-metatarsal fractures and assess the representation of female athletes in current literature. METHODS: We used a standardized protocol to audit the representation of female athletes in sports science and sports medicine research for fifth-metatarsal fractures...

Brachymetatarsia involves a reduction in length of one or more metatarsals. The affected metatarsal is shortened by 5 mm or more, altering the normal metatarsal parabola. In addition to being an aesthetic deformity, it can present with pain due to transfer metatarsalgia. A possible association with genetic disorders needs to be investigated during clinical evaluation. Surgical treatment may involve a one-stage lengthening procedure or progressive distraction, each having its advantages and limitations.

BACKGROUND: Data regarding the lesion detection ability of different radiotracers are lacking in equine bone scintigraphy. METHODS: In this prospective study, hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) were compared in horses with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake either in the caudal cervical region (CS group) or in the proximal metacarpal/metatarsal region (PMR group). Region of interest analysis was used to determine normal bone-to-soft tissue ratios, lesion-to-normal bone ratios and lesion-to-soft tissue ratios...

The growth and development of chicken bones have an enormous impact on the health and production performance of chickens. However, the development pattern and genetic regulation of the chicken skeleton are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate metatarsal bone growth and development patterns in chickens via non-linear models, and to identify the genetic determinants of metatarsal bone traits using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on growth curve parameters. Data on metatarsal length (MeL) and metatarsal circumference (MeC) were obtained from 471 F2 chickens (generated by crossing broiler sires, derived from a line selected for high abdominal fat, with Baier layer dams) at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age...

OBJECTIVES: Treatment of 5th metatarsal fractures via direct discharge from virtual fracture clinic (VFC) has become common practice in the NHS. We aim to assess the functional outcome and incidence of non-union in a series of 5th metatarsal base fractures, exposed to 1-year of follow-up. METHODS: 194 patients who sustained a fracture between the period February 2019 to April 2020 were included, referred via the VFC pathway. Radiographs were reviewed to classify in which zone, the fracture occurred along with union on subsequent follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus (HV) sometimes exhibit second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dislocation. Second MTP joint instability due to plantar plate (PP) injury has been suggested as one of the causes. However, there have been no reports that quantitatively evaluate this instability. This study aimed to evaluate second MTP joint instability in patients with HV without dislocation via ultrasonography and investigate its relationship with the presence of PP injury or foot form...

BACKGROUND: Jones fractures are common injuries that can be treated conservatively or surgically. However, the optimal treatment approach remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of conservative and operative treatments for Jones fractures and determine whether surgical treatment is necessary. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients with Jones fractures treated at our hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups: conservative (C group; n = 46) and operative (O group; n = 23) treatments...

Biallelic variants in RSPRY1 have been found to result in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Two siblings presenting with short stature, facial dysmorphism, progressive vertebral defects, small epiphysis, cupping and fraying of metaphyses, brachydactyly, and short metatarsals harbored a homozygous missense variant c.1652G>A;p.(Cys551Tyr) in the RSPRY1 gene. The phenotype in our patients resembles spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Faden-Alkuraya type. Thus, our study provides further evidence to support the association of RSPRY1 variants with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia...

BACKGROUND: Table tennis is an asymmetric sport involving the powerful forward swing of the upper limbs depends on the solid support of the lower limbs. The foot drive really affects the weight balance and stroke accuracy even though the distance and momentum of the lower limb displacement are limited within a limited range. Given that previous research on table tennis has typically focused on the footwork and stroke performance of professional players, the study aimed to investigate the daily static and dynamic plantar load distribution as well as the centers of gravity balance and rearfoot posture among Taiwanese college elite table tennis players...

INTRODUCTION: An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an unusual, non-cancerous bone lesion that is characterized by its lytic (causing bone loss), hemorrhagic, and expanding nature. ABCs are relatively rare, making up only 1% of all bone tumors. These cysts are typically found in long bones and the spine but are very rarely seen in the metatarsal bones, making such occurrences quite uncommon. CASE REPORT: In this case report, we present a case of ABC of the 3rd metatarsal in a 26-year-old female with complaints of long-standing foot pain and gradually increasing swelling of the dorsum of the foot...

Non-union and refracture of fifth metatarsal fractures are common and devastating complications in the athletic population. Stem cell application at the fracture site, for biologic enhancement, is utilized to address this challenge. We present a simple technique to approach both the endosteum and the periosteum percutaneously, under a local anesthetic, in cases of cannulated screw intramedullary fixation.

Stress fractures are common in young and active individuals, associated with aggressive or repetitive physical activity and their early detection is fundamental to optimise patient care, decrease complications and avoid unnecessary exams. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is the standard of care for detecting these lesions. Recently, ultrasound has been getting an increasing interest for the detection of stress fractures. In this article, we describe a clinical case that involved a second metatarsal stress fracture diagnosed by ultrasound and review the literature regarding the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of stress fractures, particularly of the metatarsals...

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations (BPOPs) are distinct clinical-pathological entities that demonstrate combinations of atypical-appearing osseous and chondromatous tissues. These lesions are usually reactive in nature. Histopathologically, 'bizarre' cartilage is a characteristic feature of this lesion. BPOPs usually represent slow-growing painless bony hard protuberances that arise from the surface of affected bone cortices, typically the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The occurrence of these lesions in the skull and jaws is sporadic...

PURPOSE: To quantify the vertical translation between the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform during the stance phase of gait in young individuals with and without hallux valgus. DESIGN: This cross-sectional observational study included 34 young adults (male, n = 4; female, n = 30) who were divided into three groups according to the hallux valgus angle: control (< 20°, n = 13), mild hallux valgus (≥ 20° to < 30°, n = 12), and moderate hallux valgus (≥ 30°, n = 9)...

BACKGROUND: Significant heterogeneity in the classification and treatment of zone 3 proximal fifth metatarsal base fractures ("true Jones fractures") exists. This study compared time to clinical and radiographic healing between patients treated operatively and nonoperatively. We hypothesized that patients treated nonoperatively may demonstrate a greater time to clinical healing. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to a large, urban, academic medical center with "Jones" fractures between December 2012 and April 2022...

The aim of this study is to determine the treatment modalities and clinical characteristics of 12 patients diagnosed with giant cell tumor (GCT) of the hand and foot. The clinical findings, treatment modalities, and treatment failures of 12 patients with giant cell tumors of the hand and foot bones between 2007 and 2018 years were evaluated retrospectively. The average age at diagnosis was 29.2 ± 14.9 std. (between 16 and 62 years old), 8 males (66.6%) and 4 females (33.3%). Tumor was more frequently located in the talus, metacarpal, and metatarsal bones...

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) morphological alterations impact forefoot kinetics. Surgery aims to restore both the morphology and function. Plantar pressure (PP) distribution systems represent an innovative additional tool to evaluate the hallux functional outcome after surgery in order to assess the hallux dorsiflexion, coupled with plantar flexion of the first ray. However, the literature reports limited evidence regarding the rebalancing of the plantar pressure distribution following surgery. The purpose of the present study was to examine the PP distribution in HV patients before and after a distal metatarsal osteotomy using a novel anatomically based protocol for in-shoe plantar load analysis during gait...

Morton's foot syndrome (MFS) is characterized by a distally longer head of the second metatarsal bone compared to the head of the first metatarsal bone. Few studies have investigated the effects of a foot orthosis on kinetic characteristics, such as ground reaction force (GRF), during walking in individuals with MFS. This study aimed to verify dynamic GRF using a 3D motion analysis system, including two platforms with and without a foot orthosis condition. Kinetic GRF data of 26 participants with MFS were collected using a motion analysis system and a force platform...

Osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is a rare, benign, self-limited bone disorder with a relatively low incidence, accounting for approximately 0.2% of all primary bone tumors. It was frequently found intra-cortical of the mid-shaft of the tibia. OFD can also occur in other skeletal regions, including the fibula, ulna, radius, femur, humerus, ischium, rib, tarsus, metatarsals, vertebral, and capitate. OFD can present with asymptomatic, mass, pain, swelling, deformity, and even pathological fracture. OFD might be misdiagnosed as adamantinoma (AD) and because they are three subtypes origin from the same family of bone tumors and have similar imaging features...

BACKGROUND: Gait retraining using haptic biofeedback medially shifts the center of pressure (COP) while walking in orthopedic populations. However, the ideal sensor location needed to effectively shift COP medially has not been identified in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Can a heel sensor location feasibly be employed in people with CAI without negatively altering kinematics? Does a heel sensor placement relative to the 5th metatarsal head (5MH) impact COP location while walking in people with CAI? METHODS: In this exploratory crossover study, 10 participants with CAI walked on a treadmill with vibration feedback for 10 minutes with a plantar pressure sensor under the heel and 5MH...