crescentic

AIM: To study the usefulness of orbital ultrasonography in the diagnosis of papilledema. METHODS: Fifty patients who were referred to the neurophthalmology clinic and clinically suspected to have papilledema were selected. Thorough, clinical examination with slitlamp biomicroscopy and visual acuity assessment was done. These patients underwent ultrasonography to demonstrate the crescent sign. The patients were further evaluated with the neurologist and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thus confirming the diagnosis of papilledema...

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an uncommon disorder of the trigeminal nerve tract and trigeminal brainstem nucleus. The syndrome is characterized by a triad of unilateral crescentic ulcers with anesthesia and paresthesias of the involved trigeminal dermatomes. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old right-handed black female presented to our emergency department with a 4-week history of rapidly progressive painless desquamation/denudation of skin over her right face and scalp...

Many studies have investigated the influence of emotion on memory processes across the human lifespan. Some results have shown older adults (OA) performing better with positive stimuli, some with negative items, whereas some found no impact of emotional valence. Here we tested, in two independent studies, how younger adults (YA) and OA would perform in a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task with positive, negative, and neutral images. The task consisted of identifying the new location of a stimulus in a crescent set of identical stimuli presented in different locations in a touch-screen monitor...

We present the case of a 75-year-old Hispanic woman with known stage 3 chronic kidney disease, long-standing hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with right-sided abdominal pain and acute kidney injury, nephrotic range proteinuria with positive antimyeloperoxidase antibody. A renal biopsy revealed IgA nephropathy with superimposed pauci-immune antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient was treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis...

Background: It has been suggested that the prognosis of immunoglobulin (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is adversely affected if there is codeposition of IgG in the glomeruli or if immune deposits are present in the glomerular capillary walls. We sought to understand how these variables affect clinical outcome. Methods: A total of 80 IgAN biopsies were retrospectively divided into groups: (i) IgA without IgG deposition versus IgA + IgG and (ii) immune deposits restricted to the mesangium versus mesangium and peripheral capillary walls (PCWs)...

Transmission of malaria parasites relies on the formation of a specialized blood form called the gametocyte. Gametocytes of the human pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum, adopt a crescent shape. Their dramatic morphogenesis is driven by the assembly of a network of microtubules and an underpinning inner membrane complex (IMC). Using super-resolution optical and electron microscopies we define the ultrastructure of the IMC at different stages of gametocyte development. We characterize two new proteins of the gametocyte IMC, called PhIL1 and PIP1...

Kidney diseases affect many hospitalized patients and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, kidney disease should be prevalent, but the frequency and spectrum of medical renal pathology in autopsy specimens has not been well documented. We sought to determine the spectrum of medical renal pathology in adult autopsy specimens and the frequency of overlooked diagnoses. We reviewed the hematoxylin- and eosin-stained kidney sections from 140 adult autopsies performed at a large teaching hospital over a 2-year period...

BACKGROUND: This study correlates the clinical presentation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) with findings on initial renal biopsy. METHODS: Data from 202 pediatric patients enrolled in the HSPN registry of the German Society of Pediatric Nephrology reported by 26 centers between 2008 and 2014 were analyzed. All biopsy reports were re-evaluated for the presence of cellular crescents or chronic pathological lesions (fibrous crescents, glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy >5%, and interstitial fibrosis >5%)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the success rate of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for complete resection of 4-9 mm colorectal adenomatous polyps compared with that of hot snare polypectomy (HSP). DESIGN: A prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled, parallel, non-inferiority trial conducted in 12 Japanese endoscopy units. Endoscopically diagnosed sessile adenomatous polyps, 4-9 mm in size, were randomly assigned to the CSP or HSP group. After complete removal of the polyp using the allocated technique, biopsy specimens from the resection margin after polypectomy were obtained...

Body axis formation during embryogenesis results from asymmetric localization of maternal factors in the egg. Shortly before the first cleavage in ascidian eggs, cell polarity along the anteroposterior (A-P) axis is established and the cytoplasmic domain (myoplasm) relocates from the vegetal to the posterior region in a microtubule-dependent manner. Through immunostaining, tubulin accumulation during this reorganization is observable on the myoplasm cortex. However, more detailed morphological features of microtubules remain relatively unknown...

BACKGROUND: Although several hypotheses have been proposed, the true origin and pathogenesis of aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) remain unclear. Evolution of patients with aortic IMH is highly variable. Progression to classic aortic dissection, aneurysm or to complete resolution have been described. Our purpose was to assess in-hospital and mid-term evolution of patients with aortic IMH. METHODS: From 2000 to 2015, 40 patients with aortic IMH were prospectively and consecutively recruited in a tertiary care referral center...

BACKGROUND: The force pyramid is a novel visual representation allowing spatial delineation of instrument force application during surgical procedures. In this study, the force pyramid concept is employed to create and quantify dominant hand, nondominant hand, and bimanual force pyramids during resection of virtual reality brain tumors. OBJECTIVE: To address 4 questions: Do ergonomics and handedness influence force pyramid structure? What are the differences between dominant and nondominant force pyramids? What is the spatial distribution of forces applied in specific tumor quadrants? What differentiates "expert" and "novice" groups regarding their force pyramids? METHODS: Using a simulated aspirator in the dominant hand and a simulated sucker in the nondominant hand, 6 neurosurgeons and 14 residents resected 8 different tumors using the CAE NeuroVR virtual reality neurosurgical simulation platform (CAE Healthcare, Montréal, Québec and the National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Québec)...

A central task for vision is to identify objects as the same persisting individuals over time and motion. The need for such processing is made especially clear in ambiguous situations such as the bouncing/streaming display: two discs move toward each other, superimpose, and then continue along their trajectories. Did the discs stream past each other, or bounce off each other? When people are likely to perceive streaming, playing a brief tone at the moment of overlap can readily cause them to see bouncing instead...

Mineral composition of dry Tamarindus indica LINN pulp and seeds was evaluated on samples collected from three different agro-ecological zones of Uganda (Lake Victoria Crescent, and Eastern and West Nile). The objective of the study was to evaluate the mineral composition of T. indica pulp and seed samples from across Uganda's different agro-ecological zones and land use types. Separately grounded samples of T. indica pulp and seeds were analyzed for Zn, Fe, Mg, P, Na, K, and Ca. The univariate analysis of variance in the General Linear Model was used to compare differences in mineral composition...

The complement system activation is involved in the development of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The study aimed to investigate the expression of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) CD46, CD55, and CD59 in kidneys of 51 AVV patients. The expression of CD46, CD55 and CD59 in kidneys was detected by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining. The immunohistochemical examination revealed that expression of the three CRPs could be detected in the glomeruli and tubules of both AAV patients and normal controls...

Ocular and oral dryness are the hallmark of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, SS can be associated with a variety of complications, affecting organs such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, muscle, and nervous system. Renal involvement has been usually in the form of tubulointerstitial nephritis. However, glomerulonephritis is rare in primary SS. We report three clinical cases of SS with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated crescentic glomerulo-nephritis treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, with favorable outcome...

Acute glomerulonephritis due to anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease is rare, estimated to occur in fewer than one case per million population and accounts for less than 20% of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The prevalence among patients evaluated for potential glomerular disease is lower. It accounts for fewer than 3% of all kidney biopsies done with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Cases of anti-GBM disease occurring in a cluster have rarely been reported. All biopsy proven anti-GBM disease cases were collected from January 2015 to March 2015 at our Institute...

OBJECTIVE: No method of grading visual field (VF) defects has been widely accepted throughout the glaucoma community. The SCHEIE (Systematic Classification of Humphrey visual fields-Easy Interpretation and Evaluation) grading system for glaucomatous visual fields was created to convey qualitative and quantitative information regarding visual field defects in an objective, reproducible, and easily applicable manner for research purposes. METHODS: The SCHEIE grading system is composed of a qualitative and quantitative score...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces autophagy to promote its replication, including its RNA replication, which can take place on double-membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes. However, how HCV induces the biogenesis of autophagosomes and how HCV RNA replication complex may be assembled on autophagosomes were largely unknown. During autophagy, crescent membrane structures known as phagophores first appear in the cytoplasm, which then progress to become autophagosomes. By conducting electron microscopy and in vitro membrane fusion assay, we found that phagophores induced by HCV underwent homotypic fusion to generate autophagosomes in a process dependent on the SNARE protein syntaxin 7 (STX7)...

Background International Society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) consensus on the classification of lupus nephritis (LN) subdivided class IV into diffuse segmental (IV-S) and diffuse global (IV-G). Nephrologists and nephropathologists believe that this subclassification would be clinically relevant based on hypothetical distinct immunopathogenesis of those subclasses guiding therapy as well as judging prognosis. Methods All adult patients with a renal biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of LN class IV undergoing regular follow-up in the Nephrology Division between January 2004 and December 2014 were enrolled excluding those with diabetes, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV as well as those with insufficient clinical and hystopathological data...