leptin guidelines

The effective components of mulberry leaf polyphenols (MLPs) should be absorbed and transported by the intestinal cells before regulating lipid metabolism. The Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were coupled to screen the effective components of MLPs that are being absorbed and transported by intestinal cells. The regulation and molecular mechanism by which the effective components affect adipogenesis were analyzed in this study. Among the 12 main components identified, five main compounds were well absorbed with Papp in the order of benzoic acid > chlorogenic acid > astragaloside > hyperoside > rutin...

BACKGROUND: An imbalance in adipokines is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. However, alterations in adipokines in dogs with CKD remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether adipokine concentrations in serum differ between healthy dogs and dogs with CKD and to determine the correlation between serum adipokine concentrations and CKD severity in dogs. ANIMALS: Twenty dogs with CKD and 10 healthy dogs...

Obesity has been steadily increasing over the past decade in the US and worldwide. Since 1975, the prevalence of obesity has increased by 2% per decade, unabated despite new and more stringent guidelines set by WHO, CDC, and other public health organizations. Likewise, maternal obesity has also increased worldwide over the past several years. In the United States, pre-pregnancy rates have increased proportionally across all racial groups. Obesity during pregnancy has been directly linked to obstetric complications including gestational diabetes, HTN, hematomas, pre-eclampsia, and congenital defects...

Antipsychotic medications demonstrate a variable range of efficacy and side effects in patients with mental illness. Research has attempted to identify biomarkers associated with antipsychotic effects in various populations. Research designs utilizing healthy volunteers may have the added benefit of measuring the effect of antipsychotics on a given biomarker (s) independent of the varied environmental and clinical factors that often accompany patient populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the current evidence of hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarker studies of antipsychotic treatment in study designs using healthy volunteers...

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death and a growing health problem worldwide with increasing rate in both adults and children. Obesity is an important factor causing accelerated aging and various metabolic syndromes. Leptin role as proinflammatory adipokine in obesity is well established. Telomere length acts as a biological clock and a marker for cellular senescence. This study is aimed to quantify leucocyte telomere length & its association with biochemical and anthropometric surrogates of obesity...

New appetite-regulating antiobesity treatments such as semaglutide and agents under investigation such as tirzepatide show promise in achieving weight loss of 15% or more. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and lean mass preservation are important determinants of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance beyond appetite regulation. This review discusses prior failures in clinical development of weight-loss drugs targeting energy expenditure and explores novel strategies for targeting energy expenditure: mitochondrial proton leak, uncoupling, dynamics, and biogenesis; futile calcium and substrate cycling; leptin for weight maintenance; increased sympathetic nervous system activity; and browning of white fat...

OBJECTIVE: We suggested association of family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) with microvascular dysfunction, which may cause blood pressure (BP) elevations. We test whether FHD may be associated with higher BP. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Resting BP, heart rates (in beats per minute: bpm), body composition and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin were measured in 332 Japanese women aged 18-24 years. They were grouped according to BP category defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guideline...

Obesity can disturb spermatogenesis and subsequently affect male fertility and reproduction. In our study, we aim to elucidate at which cellular level of adult spermatogenesis the detrimental effects of obesity manifest. We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr-/- .Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. We examined sperm DNA damage and chromatin condensation and measured plasma levels of leptin, testosterone, cholesterol and triglycerides...

Background and Aims: We evaluated adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, serum metabolic profile, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19. We sought to examine whether obesity, sex, and age influence the adipose tissue endocrine response to the disease. Methods: This prospective study investigated 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were categorized based on their body mass index (BMI), sex and age, and were also classified regarding their outcome after hospitalization as: (a) Non-ICU: patients hospitalized who did not receive intensive care; (b) ICU-survivor: patients admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged; (c) ICU-death: patients who died...

OBJECTIVE: To explore mechanisms that modulate gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls. DESIGN: Sub-sample of randomised controlled trials (PCOS) combined with a prospective cohort (controls). SETTING: Eleven Norwegian, Swedish, and Icelandic hospitals. POPULATION: Pregnant women with PCOS treated with metformin (PCOS-M, n = 36) or placebo (PCOS-P, n = 37), and healthy pregnant women (HC, n = 15)...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndromes, and its roots are strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The excess fat induces inflammatory pathways by tissue irritation and progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and has emerged as the most frequent cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This systematic review was structured per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines...

CONTEXT: Lower fasting ghrelin levels (FGL) are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the dynamics of FGL during weight loss and its metabolic and adiposity-related manifestations beyond weight loss. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial that randomized participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidemia to 1 of 3 diets: healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean diet (MED), or green-MED diet, all combined with physical activity (PA)...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first recognised during pregnancy. Both modalities and thresholds of the GDM diagnostic test, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), have varied widely over time and among countries. Additionally, OGTT limitations include inconsistency, poor patient tolerability, and questionable diagnostic reliability. Many biological parameters have been reported to be modified by GDM and could potentially be used as diagnostic indicators...

PURPOSE: To evaluate serum adiponectin and leptin concentration in new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) and non-NODAT patients and association with renal function in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study of 314 consecutive adults KTRs divided into four groups: 236 individuals without NODAT who had renal insufficiency (RI; n = 56) or normal renal function (n = 180) and 78 patients with NODAT who had RI (n = 17) or normal renal function (n = 61)...

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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Limited data exist on the association between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and metabolic traits in offspring during early childhood, which is a sensitive period for risk of obesity-related disorders later in life. We aimed to examine the association of maternal diet quality, as indicated by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI), in pregnancy with offspring metabolic biomarkers and body composition at age 4-7 years. METHODS: We used data from 761 mother-offspring pairs from the Healthy Start study to examine sex-specific associations of HEI >57 vs ≤57 with offspring fasting glucose, leptin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, percentage fat mass, BMI z score and log-transformed insulin, 1/insulin, HOMA-IR, adiponectin, triacylglycerols, triacylglycerols:HDL, fat mass, and sum of skinfolds...

BACKGROUND: Insulin dysregulation (ID) and donkey metabolic syndrome (DMS) are common in this species. Contrary to horses, diagnostic guidelines compiling insulin cut-offs values and dynamic testing interpretations have not been reported for this species. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate resting serum insulin concentrations, the combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) and the glucose intravenous tolerance test (IVGTT) for the diagnosis of DMS with ID suspicion. STUDY DESIGN: Diagnostic test comparison...

Development of updated guidelines for management of diabetes in Ramadan Fasting is of paramount importance. Nonetheless, evidence-based guidelines in the field of Ramadan Fasting and Diabetes are scarce. Moreover, findings of some recent research such as effects of Ramadan fasting on microbiota, genetics and epigenetics, hormonal changes (such as adiponectin, leptin, testosterone…), and alternations in circadian rhythm should also be reviewed and included on a yearly basis. It is documented that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is of vital importance for patients with type 1 diabetes who fast, and advantages of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or flash glucose monitoring (FGM) techniques should be highlighted...

Development of updated guidelines for management of diabetes in Ramadan Fasting is of paramount importance. Nonetheless, evidence-based guidelines in the field of Ramadan Fasting and Diabetes are scarce. Moreover, findings of some recent research such as effects of Ramadan fasting on microbiota, genetics and epigenetics, hormonal changes (such as adiponectin, leptin, testosterone…), and alternations in circadian rhythm should also be reviewed and included on a yearly basis. It is documented that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is of vital importance for patients with type 1 diabetes who fast, and advantages of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or flash glucose monitoring (FGM) techniques should be highlighted...

CONTEXT: Numerous chronic conditions including obesity exhibit autophagic dysfunction. Association of immune cell autophagic marker regulation by body fat percentage (%BF) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Investigate autophagy activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of adults with distinct %BFs and obesity-related circulating inflammatory markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen individuals (eight males) with %BF above ( n  = 8, 36...