pulmonary adenocarcinoma & brain metastases

BACKGROUND: Systemic therapy for cancer treatment has improved, and therapeutic options for intracranial lesions are increasing. Combinations of treatment modalities are required in certain difficult cases. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is effective for the treatment of brain metastases, especially for lesions that are inoperable because of their anatomical or functional location. OBSERVATIONS: The authors report a case of brain metastases in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung adenocarcinoma initially treated with GKS followed by the combination of repeat GKS and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) for tumor recurrence...

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially fatal oncological emergency that typically develops during the treatment of rapidly proliferating malignancies. It is infrequently reported in solid tumors, such as pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A 59-year-old male patient with shortness of breath presented with a 3.3 cm × 3.0 cm mass in the right upper lobe, along with massive right-sided pleural effusion. A percutaneous needle biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutation was made...

RATIONALE: Crizotinib has been approved in many countries for the treatment of patients with advanced ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Entrectinib is a ROS1 inhibitor that has been designed to effectively penetrate and remain in the central nervous system (CNS) and has been recommended as first-line therapy. Few reports have precisely described sequential crizotinb followed by entrectinib in patients with ROS1 fusion in later settings. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 56-year-old man with a history of occasional smoking visited our hospital with cough, sputum, and shortness of breath...

BACKGROUND: Histological transformation from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity is extremely uncommon in ALK-positive NSCLC. To date, there have been limited reports regarding cases of SCLC transformation, and the optimal therapeutic strategies and prognosis for such patients remain unclear. This case is the first to describe the effectiveness of lorlatinib in treating a patient with SCLC that transformed from NSCLC harboring the ALK fusion V1180L mutation following acquired resistance to alectinib therapy...

Pulmonary polymorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare and poorly differentiated form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for just approximately 0.1% to 0.4% of all NSCLC cases. Historically, the conventional treatments for PPC have been linked to a grim prognosis. However, with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1 inhibitors, for the management of NSCLC, our center has witnessed encouraging outcomes in two PPC patients who underwent PD-1 inhibitor therapy. The first patient was a 70-year-old male who initially came to our attention after the discovery of a lung mass during a routine physical examination...

Classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma (CBPB), a distinct type of lung cancer, is a dual-phasic tumor characterized by the co-existence of low-grade fetal adenocarcinoma and primitive mesenchymal stroma. Accounting for less than 0.1% of surgically removed lung cancers, CBPB commonly presents in individuals during their fourth to fifth decades of life, with smoking as a significant risk factor. The optimal management strategy entails surgical resection, supplemented by chemotherapy to improve prognosis. The frontline chemotherapeutic agents typically include platinum agents and etoposide, with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy potentially enabling operability for initially inoperable cases...

INTRODUCTION: Metastatic brain tumors are a common complication of systemic cancer. They tend to have a chronic onset and are located at the gray-white junction of the cerebral hemispheres, those larger than 9.4 mm in diameter are often accompanied by substantial vasogenic edema. Herein, we report a rare case of calcified metastatic adenocarcinoma with Wallerian degeneration. In addition, we discuss the atypical manifestations of brain metastases. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old man who went through stroke-like onset twice during 8 months with a history of resection of the left pulmonary adenocarcinoma 5 years prior was examined...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Unfortunately, more than 50% of patients have already metastasized at the time of diagnosis, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Common sites of metastasis are adrenal glands, liver, bone, and brain. Bladder metastasis is rare and should prompt a careful differential consideration of primary bladder cancer. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we report a 72-year-old female who went to the hospital for "gross hematuria for one day"...

INTRODUCTION: The metastases of lung cancer to bilateral choroids symmetrically and simultaneously are very rare. Almost all patients with choroid metastasis can be treated with external beam radiotherapy in order to increase quality of life and preserve vision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We documented a case and studied the effect of icotinib on choroidal metastases in bilateral eyes simultaneously from pulmonary adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: A 49-year-old Chinese man presented with bilateral vision losing simultaneously for 4 weeks, it was as an initial presentation in the clinical...

Lung cancer is a major epidemiological threat worldwide, which commonly metastasizes to distant sites. Often, the presence of metastasis is the first manifestation of lung cancer. Some of the most common sites for lung cancer metastasis are bones, adrenal glands, liver, brain, and lungs. However, metastases to unusual locations pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present a case of a 74-year-old woman in whom the first manifestation of lung cancer was metastasis to the right ureter. We also analyse the available literature on lung cancer metastases to the ureter, taking into account the possible mechanisms of their spread in the ureter...

The treatment of mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is less studied due to its low incidence. However, the presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene is rare in such tumours, ALK inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic option instead of cytostatic therapy. Routine chest X-ray and then computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a pulmonary tumour in a 52-year-old asymptomatic woman. The neoplasm was removed by lobectomy. Histological examination confirmed papillary predominant lung adenocarcinoma...

Cystic brain metastasis is a rare condition that mainly originates from lung or breast adenocarcinomas. By contrast, pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma, a rare type of non-small cell carcinoma, has not been reported with this condition. Cystic brain metastases are characterized by larger tumor sizes with increased peritumoral edema compared with solid metastases. Therefore, specific treatment strategies are required for intracranial disease control. Immunotherapy has recently been demonstrated to be crucial for treating pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas based on high programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression observed in these cancers...

Erlotinib is an oral and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is now used exclusively to non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) harboring mutated EGFR. However, there was historically a transient period when erlotinib was widely used regardless of EGFR mutation status. We report two cases with adenocarcinoma and wild-type EGFR status, which responded to erlotinib for unusual long time. We also retrospectively analyzed patients with adenocarcinoma and wild-type EGFR mutation status who had received erlotinib-containing regimen in our hospital...

We present a long-term survivor who received multidisciplinary treatment for a postoperative recurrence. A 52-year-old female who had been clinically diagnosed with primary lung cancer underwent a right lower lobectomy, middle lobe wedge resection, and lymph node dissection(ND2a-1), and was pathologically diagnosed with primary pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma( pT3N0M0, Stage ⅡB)positive for a sensitizing EGFR mutation(L858R). The patient was given UFT as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for 2 years...

INTRODUCTION: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are the most common accurate gene targets. However, the lack of case reports or cohort studies on the exceptionally rare mutations limit the acquisition of deeper insights. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 76-year-old female nonsmoker presented to our hospital with a one-week disease history of cough accompanied by shortness of breath. DIAGNOSIS: Contrast-enhanced CT scan showed right pleural effusion with scattered inflammation and consolidation in the right upper lung...

BACKGROUND: CEND-1 is a novel cyclic peptide that targets αV integrins and neuropilin-1 and enhances tumour delivery of co-administered anticancer drugs. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and biological activity of CEND-1 in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. METHODS: This open-label, multicentre, phase 1 study, conducted at three hospitals in Australia, enrolled participants aged 18 years or older with histologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had one or more lesions measurable on MRI or CT, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1, and a life expectancy of at least 3 months...

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is well-known for its aggressive nature that is usually resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. On the other hand, the efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor-based regimen in PPC has been elucidated. PPCs harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are extremely rare, and the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in PPC is limited compared to their efficacy in EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma. A 43-year-old female patient presenting with a lung mass with multiple brain metastases, carcinomatous pericarditis, and multiple bone metastases was referred to our department...

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for progressive dyspnea and severe hypoxemia, requiring oxygen supplementation. The dyspnea started approximately 3 to 4 weeks before presentation and was slowly progressive throughout the following weeks. Her medical history mentioned an adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion of the lung with metastases to the bones and brain for which treatment with osimertinib was started 14 months earlier. Furthermore, she was treated with rivaroxaban for a first episode of a pulmonary embolism...

Prostate carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the elderly male population in India as well as worldwide, and its incidence has been on the rise in the younger age groups as well. The annual incidence rate of prostate cancer in India ranges from 5.0 to 9.1 per 100,000 people. It commonly metastasizes to the bone, regional lymph nodes, and in rare cases, to the lung, liver, and brain. Pulmonary manifestations of metastatic prostate carcinoma are rare with pulmonary lesions being part of the initial pattern of metastasis in only 2% of prostate malignancies...

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis is common in patients with lung cancer and has a negative impact on overall survival (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects and prognosis-related factors for survival of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving the data of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis who were treated at the Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital...