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Marvin Petersen, Mirthe Coenen, Charles DeCarli, Alberto De Luca, Ewoud van der Lelij, Frederik Barkhof, Thomas Benke, Christopher P L H Chen, Peter Dal-Bianco, Anna Dewenter, Marco Duering, Christian Enzinger, Michael Ewers, Lieza G Exalto, Evan F Fletcher, Nicolai Franzmeier, Saima Hilal, Edith Hofer, Huiberdina L Koek, Andrea B Maier, Pauline M Maillard, Cheryl R McCreary, Janne M Papma, Yolande A L Pijnenburg, Anna Rubinski, Reinhold Schmidt, Eric E Smith, Rebecca M E Steketee, Esther van den Berg, Wiesje M van der Flier, Vikram Venkatraghavan, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Meike W Vernooij, Frank J Wolters, Xu Xin, Andreas Horn, Kaustubh R Patil, Simon B Eickhoff, Götz Thomalla, J Matthijs Biesbroek, Geert Jan Biessels, Bastian Cheng
INTRODUCTION: White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are associated with cognitive impairment and are a key imaging marker in evaluating cognitive health. However, WMH volume alone does not fully account for the extent of cognitive deficits and the mechanisms linking WMH to these deficits remain unclear. We propose that lesion network mapping (LNM), enabling the inference of brain networks disconnected by lesions, represents a promising technique for enhancing our understanding of the role of WMH in cognitive disorders...
March 28, 2024: medRxiv
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charles DeCarli, Pauline Maillard, Matthew P Pase, Alexa S Beiser, Daniel Kojis, Claudia L Satizabal, Jayandra J Himali, Hugo J Aparicio, Evan Fletcher, Sudha Seshadri
IMPORTANCE: Human brain development and maintenance is under both genetic and environmental influences that likely affect later-life dementia risk. OBJECTIVE: To examine environmental influences by testing whether time-dependent secular differences occurred in cranial and brain volumes and cortical thickness over birth decades spanning 1930 to 1970. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the community-based Framingham Heart Study cohort for participants born in the decades 1930 to 1970...
March 25, 2024: JAMA Neurology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret M McCarthy, Inés Del Giudice, Agnes Wong, Jason Fletcher, Victoria Vaughan Dickson, Gail D'Eramo Melkus
BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among U.S. adults has been rising annually, with a higher incidence rate in Black and Hispanic adults than Whites. The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined cardiovascular health according to the achievement of seven health behaviors (smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose). Optimal cardiovascular health has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and awareness of this risk may influence healthy behaviors...
March 6, 2024: Nursing Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcia P Jimenez, Emma L Gause, Kendra D Sims, Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Emily P Morris, Evan Fletcher, Jennifer Manly, Paola Gilsanz, Yenee Soh, Maria Corrada, Rachel A Whitmer, Medellena Maria Glymour
INTRODUCTION: Depressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of dementia, but how they impact cognition in diverse populations is unclear. METHODS: Asian, Black, Latino, or White participants (n = 2227) in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (age 65+) and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (age 50+) underwent up to three waves of cognitive assessments over 4 years. Multilevel models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with cognition or cognitive decline and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity...
March 13, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Matthijs Biesbroek, Mirthe Coenen, Charles DeCarli, Evan M Fletcher, Pauline M Maillard, Frederik Barkhof, Josephine Barnes, Thomas Benke, Christopher P L H Chen, Peter Dal-Bianco, Anna Dewenter, Marco Duering, Christian Enzinger, Michael Ewers, Lieza G Exalto, Nicolai Franzmeier, Saima Hilal, Edith Hofer, Huiberdina L Koek, Andrea B Maier, Cheryl R McCreary, Janne M Papma, Ross W Paterson, Yolande A L Pijnenburg, Anna Rubinski, Reinhold Schmidt, Jonathan M Schott, Catherine F Slattery, Eric E Smith, Carole H Sudre, Rebecca M E Steketee, Charlotte E Teunissen, Esther van den Berg, Wiesje M van der Flier, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vikram Venkatraghavan, Meike W Vernooij, Frank J Wolters, Xu Xin, Hugo J Kuijf, Geert Jan Biessels
INTRODUCTION: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with key dementia etiologies, in particular arteriolosclerosis and amyloid pathology. We aimed to identify WMH locations associated with vascular risk or cerebral amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42)-positive status. METHODS: Individual patient data (n = 3,132; mean age 71.5 ± 9 years; 49.3% female) from 11 memory clinic cohorts were harmonized. WMH volumes in 28 regions were related to a vascular risk compound score (VRCS) and Aß42 status (based on cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography), correcting for age, sex, study site, and total WMH volume...
March 13, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan L Fogel, Jeffrey J Easler, Ying Yuan, Dhiraj Yadav, Darwin L Conwell, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Samuel Y Han, Walter Park, Vanessa Patrick, Fletcher A White
BACKGROUND: Chronic abdominal pain is the hallmark symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP), with 50% to 80% of patients seeking medical attention for pain control. Although several management options are available, outcomes are often disappointing, and opioids remain a mainstay of therapy. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a phenomenon resulting in dose escalation, which may occur partly because of the effects of opioids on voltage-gated sodium channels associated with pain. Preclinical observations demonstrate that the combination of an opioid and the antiseizure drug lacosamide diminishes opioid-induced hyperalgesia and improves pain control...
March 7, 2024: JMIR Research Protocols
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REVIEW
Cathy Lu, Ryan Rosentreter, Maxime Delisle, Mattie White, Claire E Parker, Zahra Premji, Stephanie R Wilson, Mark E Baker, Gauraang Bhatnagar, Jakob Begun, David H Bruining, Robert Bryant, Britt Christensen, Brian G Feagan, Joel G Fletcher, Vipul Jairath, John Knudsen, Torsten Kucharzik, Christian Maaser, Giovanni Maconi, Kerri Novak, Jordi Rimola, Stuart A Taylor, Rune Wilkens, Florian Rieder
BACKGROUND: Stricturing Crohn's disease (CD) occurs most commonly in the terminal ileum and poses a clinical problem. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) allow for assessment of the entire bowel wall and associated peri-enteric findings. Radiologic definitions of strictures have been developed for CTE and MRE; their reliability and responsiveness are being evaluated in index development programs...
March 4, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suvi T Vaara, Ary Serpa Neto, Rinaldo Bellomo, Neill K J Adhikari, Didier Dreyfuss, Martin Gallagher, Stephane Gaudry, Eric Hoste, Michael Joannidis, Ville Pettilä, Amanda Y Wang, Kianoush Kashani, Ron Wald, Sean M Bagshaw, Marlies Ostermann
OBJECTIVES: Among patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) admitted to the ICU in high-income countries, regional practice variations for fluid balance (FB) management, timing, and choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT) modality may be significant. DESIGN: Secondary post hoc analysis of the STandard vs. Accelerated initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02568722). SETTING: One hundred-fifty-three ICUs in 13 countries...
February 2024: Critical care explorations
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingzhong Meng, Mads Rasmussen, Deyi M Meng, Fletcher A White, Long-Jun Wu
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the mechanism that drives the neurovascular response to neural activation, and NVC dysfunction has been implicated in various neurologic diseases. NVC is driven by (1) nonmetabolic feedforward mechanisms that are mediated by various signaling pathways and (2) metabolic feedback mechanisms that involve metabolic factors. However, the interplay between these feedback and feedforward mechanisms remains unresolved. We propose that feedforward mechanisms normally drive a swift, neural activation-induced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) overshoot, which floods the tissue beds, leading to local hypocapnia and hyperoxia...
February 12, 2024: Anesthesia and Analgesia
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrien Descamps, Benjamin K Ofori-Okai, Oliviero Bistoni, Zhijiang Chen, Eric Cunningham, Luke B Fletcher, Nicholas J Hartley, Jerome B Hastings, Dimitri Khaghani, Mianzhen Mo, Bob Nagler, Vanina Recoules, Ronald Redmer, Maximilian Schörner, Debbie G Senesky, Peihao Sun, Hai-En Tsai, Thomas G White, Siegfried H Glenzer, Emma E McBride
Studies of laser-heated materials on femtosecond timescales have shown that the interatomic potential can be perturbed at sufficiently high laser intensities. For gold, it has been postulated to undergo a strong stiffening leading to an increase of the phonon energies, known as phonon hardening. Despite efforts to investigate this behavior, only measurements at low absorbed energy density have been performed, for which the interpretation of the experimental data remains ambiguous. By using in situ single-shot x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free-electron laser, the evolution of diffraction line intensities of laser-excited Au to a higher energy density provides evidence for phonon hardening...
February 9, 2024: Science Advances
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, Fransia S De Leon, Brandon E Gavett, Evan Fletcher, Oanh L Meyer, Rachel A Whitmer, Charles DeCarli, Dan Mungas
Prior research has shown that some personality traits are associated with cognitive outcomes and may confirm risk or protection against cognitive decline. The present study expands on previous work to examine the association between a more comprehensive set of psychological characteristics and cognitive performance in a diverse cohort of older adults. We also examine whether controlling for brain atrophy influences the association between psychological characteristics and cognitive function. A total of 157 older adults completed a battery of psychological questionnaires (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Extraversion, positive affect, negative affect-sadness, negative affect-anger, sense of purpose, loneliness, grit, and self-efficacy)...
February 8, 2024: Psychology and Aging
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REVIEW
Kundan Solanki, Evgeny Bezsonov, Alexander Orekhov, Suraj P Parihar, Shivani Vaja, Fletcher A White, Alexander G Obukhov, Mirza S Baig
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which fats, lipids, cholesterol, calcium, proliferating smooth muscle cells, and immune cells accumulate in the intima of the large arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques. A complex interplay of various vascular and immune cells takes place during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple reports indicate that tight control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) production is critical for maintaining vascular health...
February 5, 2024: Vascular Pharmacology
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REVIEW
Murad K Nazzal, Ashlyn J Morris, Reginald S Parker, Fletcher A White, Roman M Natoli, Melissa A Kacena, Jill C Fehrenbacher
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fractures are a prominent form of traumatic injury and shall continue to be for the foreseeable future. While the inflammatory response and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment play significant roles in fracture healing, the nervous system is also an important player in regulating bone healing. RECENT FINDINGS: Considerable evidence demonstrates a role for nervous system regulation of fracture healing in a setting of traumatic injury to the brain...
January 31, 2024: Current Osteoporosis Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
N Walker, S M White, S A Ruiz, D McKay Fletcher, M Saponari, T Roose
Xylem-limited bacterial pathogens cause some of the most destructive plant diseases. Though imposed measures to control these pathogens are generally ineffective, even among susceptible taxa, some hosts can limit bacterial loads and symptom expression. Mechanisms by which this resistance is achieved are poorly understood. In particular, it is still unknown how differences in vascular structure may influence biofilm growth and spread within a host. To address this, we developed a novel theoretical framework to describe biofilm behaviour within xylem vessels, adopting a polymer-based modelling approach...
January 25, 2024: Journal of Theoretical Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irini Manoli, Justin R Sysol, PamelaSara E Head, Madeline W Epping, Oksana Gavrilova, Melissa K Crocker, Jennifer L Sloan, Stefanos A Koutsoukos, Cindy X Wang, Yiouli P Ktena, Sophia Mendelson, Alexandra R Pass, Patricia M Zerfas, Victoria J Hoffmann, Hilary J Vernon, Laura A Fletcher, James C Reynolds, Maria G Tsokos, Constantine A Stratakis, Stephan D Voss, Kong Y Chen, Rebecca J Brown, Ada Hamosh, Gerard T Berry, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jack A Yanovski, Charles P Venditti
A distinct adipose tissue distribution pattern was observed in patients with methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency, an inborn error of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, characterized by centripetal obesity with proximal upper and lower extremities fat deposition and paucity of visceral fat, that resembles familial multiple lipomatosis syndrome. To explore brown and white fat physiology in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), body composition, adipokines and inflammatory markers were assessed in 46 MMA subjects and 99 matched controls...
January 25, 2024: JCI Insight
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica Justman, Timothy Skalland, Ayana Moore, Christopher I Amos, Mark A Marzinke, Sahar Z Zangeneh, Colleen F Kelley, Rebecca Singer, Stockton Mayer, Yael Hirsch-Moverman, Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, David Metzger, Elizabeth Barranco, Ken Ho, Ernesto T A Marques, Margaret Powers-Fletcher, Patricia J Kissinger, Jason E Farley, Carrie Knowlton, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Shobha Swaminathan, Domonique Reed, Jean De Dieu Tapsoba, Lynda Emel, Ian Bell, Krista Yuhas, Leah Schrumpf, Laura Mkumba, Jontraye Davis, Jonathan Lucas, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Shahnaz Ahmed
During January-August 2021, the Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Study used time/location sampling to recruit a cross-sectional, population-based cohort to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and nasal swab sample PCR positivity across 15 US communities. Survey-weighted estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine willingness among participants at each site were compared within demographic groups by using linear regression models with inverse variance weighting. Among 22,284 persons >2 months of age and older, median prevalence of infection (prior, active, or both) was 12...
February 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kerith-Rae Dias, Rupendra Shrestha, Deborah Schofield, Carey-Anne Evans, Emily O'Heir, Ying Zhu, Futao Zhang, Krystle Standen, Ben Weisburd, Sarah L Stenton, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Harrison Brand, Michael E Talkowski, Alan Ma, Sondy Ghedia, Meredith Wilson, Sarah A Sandaradura, Janine Smith, Benjamin Kamien, Anne Turner, Madhura Bakshi, Lesley C Adès, David Mowat, Matthew Regan, George McGillivray, Ravi Savarirayan, Susan M White, Tiong Yang Tan, Zornitza Stark, Natasha J Brown, Luis A Pérez-Jurado, Emma Krzesinski, Matthew F Hunter, Lauren Akesson, Andrew Paul Fennell, Alison Yeung, Tiffany Boughtwood, Lisa Ewans, Jennifer Kerkhof, Christopher Lucas, Louise Carey, Hugh French, Melissa Rapadas, Igor Stevanovski, Ira W Deveson, Corrina Cliffe, George Elakis, Edwin P Kirk, Tracy Dudding-Byth, Janice Fletcher, Rebecca Walsh, Mark A Corbett, Thessa Kroes, Jozef Gecz, Cliff Meldrum, Simon Cliffe, Meg Wall, Sebastian Lunke, Kathryn North, David J Amor, Michael Field, Bekim Sadikovic, Michael F Buckley, Anne O'Donnell-Luria, Tony Roscioli
PURPOSE: Genome sequencing (GS)-specific diagnostic rates in prospective tightly ascertained exome sequencing (ES)-negative intellectual disability (ID) cohorts have not been reported extensively. METHODS: ES, GS, epigenetic signatures, and long-read sequencing diagnoses were assessed in 74 trios with at least moderate ID. RESULTS: The ES diagnostic yield was 42/74 (57%). GS diagnoses were made in 9/32 (28%) ES-unresolved families. Repeated ES with a contemporary pipeline on the GS-diagnosed families identified 8/9 SNVs/CNVs undetected in older ES, confirming a GS-unique diagnostic rate of 1/32 (3%)...
January 19, 2024: Genetics in Medicine: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
#18
REVIEW
Ashlyn J Morris, Reginald S Parker, Murad K Nazzal, Roman M Natoli, Jill C Fehrenbacher, Melissa A Kacena, Fletcher A White
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The traditionally understated role of neural regulation in fracture healing is gaining prominence, as recent findings underscore the peripheral nervous system's critical contribution to bone repair. Indeed, it is becoming more evident that the nervous system modulates every stage of fracture healing, from the onset of inflammation to repair and eventual remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS: Essential to this process are neurotrophins and neuropeptides, such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y...
January 18, 2024: Current Osteoporosis Reports
#19
REVIEW
Reginald S Parker, Murad K Nazzal, Ashlyn J Morris, Jill C Fehrenbacher, Fletcher A White, Melissa A Kacena, Roman M Natoli
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite advances in orthopedics, there remains a need for therapeutics to hasten fracture healing. However, little focus is given to the role the nervous system plays in regulating fracture healing. This paucity of information has led to an incomplete understanding of fracture healing and has limited the development of fracture therapies that integrate the importance of the nervous system. This review seeks to illuminate the integral roles that the nervous system plays in fracture healing...
January 18, 2024: Current Osteoporosis Reports
#20
REVIEW
Murad K Nazzal, Ashlyn J Morris, Reginald S Parker, Fletcher A White, Roman M Natoli, Jill C Fehrenbacher, Melissa A Kacena
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Three review articles have been written that discuss the roles of the central and peripheral nervous systems in fracture healing. While content among the articles is overlapping, there is a key difference between them: the use of artificial intelligence (AI). In one paper, the first draft was written solely by humans. In the second paper, the first draft was written solely by AI using ChatGPT 4.0 (AI-only or AIO). In the third paper, the first draft was written using ChatGPT 4...
January 13, 2024: Current Osteoporosis Reports
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