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JOURNAL ARTICLE
S K Katiyar, S N Gaur, R N Solanki, Nikhil Sarangdhar, J C Suri, Raj Kumar, G C Khilnani, Dhruva Chaudhary, Rupak Singla, Parvaiz A Koul, Ashok A Mahashur, A G Ghoshal, D Behera, D J Christopher, Deepak Talwar, Dhiman Ganguly, H Paramesh, K B Gupta, Mohan Kumar T, P D Motiani, P S Shankar, Rajesh Chawla, Randeep Guleria, S K Jindal, S K Luhadia, V K Arora, V K Vijayan, Abhishek Faye, Aditya Jindal, Amit K Murar, Anand Jaiswal, Arunachalam M, A K Janmeja, Brijesh Prajapat, C Ravindran, Debajyoti Bhattacharyya, George D'Souza, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, J K Samaria, Jogesh Sarma, Lalit Singh, M K Sen, Mahendra K Bainara, Mansi Gupta, Nilkanth T Awad, Narayan Mishra, Naveed N Shah, Neetu Jain, Prasanta R Mohapatra, Parul Mrigpuri, Pawan Tiwari, R Narasimhan, R Vijai Kumar, Rajendra Prasad, Rajesh Swarnakar, Rakesh K Chawla, Rohit Kumar, S Chakrabarti, Sandeep Katiyar, Saurabh Mittal, Sonam Spalgais, Subhadeep Saha, Surya Kant, V K Singh, Vijay Hadda, Vikas Kumar, Virendra Singh, Vishal Chopra, Visweswaran B
Inhalational therapy, today, happens to be the mainstay of treatment in obstructive airway diseases (OADs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is also in the present, used in a variety of other pulmonary and even non-pulmonary disorders. Hand-held inhalation devices may often be difficult to use, particularly for children, elderly, debilitated or distressed patients. Nebulization therapy emerges as a good option in these cases besides being useful in the home care, emergency room and critical care settings...
2022: Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
#2
REVIEW
Elliott J Koshi, Kurtis Young, Joshua C Mostales, Kristine B Vo, Lawrence P Burgess
Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Corticosteroids are among the most prescribed medications, particularly during the COVID-19 era. The literature has clearly highlighted the dangers of prolonged, high-dose corticosteroid use, which is important for clinicians to consider before treating patients in their clinical practices. Objective: The objective of this article is to review the literature on complications of corticosteroid use, review corticosteroid pharmacokinetics, and provide an updated reference on risks associated with corticosteroid therapy, especially at higher doses...
December 2022: Journal of Pharmacy Technology: JPT: Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Sinto
Since first reported in December 2019, SARS-2 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a world-class pandemic, overwhelming every aspect of the global system. Globally, 526 billion confirmed cases with 6,3 billion death cases were reported by World Health Organization (WHO) by 31 May 2022. In that period, Indonesia has reported 6 billion confirmed cases with a case fatality rate reaching 2.58%. The number of new weekly cases and new weekly death have continued the declining trend observed since its peak in January 2022, i...
April 2022: Acta Medica Indonesiana
#4
REVIEW
Davit Orujyan, William Narinyan, Subhapradha Rangarajan, Patrida Rangchaikul, Chaya Prasad, Beatrice Saviola, Vishwanath Venketaraman
The genus mycobacterium includes several species that are known to cause infections in humans. The microorganisms are classified into tuberculous and non-tuberculous based on their morphological characteristics, defined by the dynamic relationship between the host defenses and the infectious agent. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include all the species of mycobacterium other than the ones that cause tuberculosis (TB). The group of NTM contains almost 200 different species and they are found in soil, water, animals-both domestic and wild-milk and food products, and from plumbed water resources such as sewers and showerhead sprays...
March 3, 2022: Vaccines
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shiau Li Lim, Ping Seung Ong, Chiew Gek Khor
Tuberculosis (TB) and its association with rheumatic diseases have been widely recognised. Occurrence of multifocal skeletal involvement constitutes <5% of all skeletal TB cases. We present a Malay patient with multifocal osteoarticular TB (OATB). A 35 year-old SLE woman with background usage of corticosteroid therapy and Azathioprine presented with lupus nephritis flare. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and intravenous (IV) Cyclophosphamide 0.5 g/m2 (850 mg) was initiated...
July 2020: Modern rheumatology case reports
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J Keeley, Vivak Parkash, Anne Tunbridge, Julia Greig, Paul Collini, William McKane, Rachel S Tattersall
Paradoxical reactions, including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), are common in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). Paradoxical reactions may confer substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in cases of central nervous system (CNS) TB, or through protracted usage of corticosteroids. No high-quality evidence is available to guide management in this scenario. Interleukin-1-mediated inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of TB-IRIS...
July 2020: International Journal of STD & AIDS
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meng-Tzu Weng, Chien-Chih Tung, Yuan-Ting Chang, Yew-Loong Leong, Yu-Ting Wang, Jau-Min Wong, Shu-Chen Wei
BACKGROUND: No nationwide, long-term follow-up study has assessed medication-associated outcomes for Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study examined medication-associated outcomes for Taiwanese patients with IBD. METHODS: In this nationwide cohort study, 3806 patients who had received catastrophic illness registration for IBD from 2001 to 2015 were enrolled. RESULTS: A higher accumulated dosage of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was associated with decreased risks of hospitalization (hazard ratio (HR) = 0...
October 27, 2018: Journal of Clinical Medicine
#8
REVIEW
Somanath Padhi, Kandasamy Ravichandran, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Renu G'Boy Varghese, Aneesh Basheer
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory syndrome that may rarely complicate the clinical course of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The clinical course of tuberculosis-associated HLH (TB-HLH) has been reported to be unpredictable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we describe the clinicopathological features, laboratory parameters, management, and outcome data of a patient who satisfied the 2004 diagnostic criteria for HLH secondary to disseminated MTB; we also do a systematic review of the international literature on TB-HLH...
November 2015: Lung India: Official Organ of Indian Chest Society
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph Tkacz, Brenna L Brady, Roxanne Meyer, Jennifer H Lofland, Charles Ruetsch, Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by activation of the mucosal immune system and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Management of IBD places a significant burden on the health care system because of the complexity of treatment, variability in patient outcomes, and chronic nature of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America's (CCFA) quality measurement sets in a sample of IBD patients...
November 2015: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
#10
REVIEW
Maunank Shah, Caitlin Reed
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging and complex because of the heterogeneity of disease presentations. Despite effective treatment, TB disease can lead to significant short-and long-term health consequences. We review potential acute and chronic complications of TB disease and current management approaches. RECENT FINDINGS: Acute and subacute complications of TB disease are attributable to structural damage or vascular compromise caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as metabolic abnormalities and host inflammatory responses...
October 2014: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Sheng Chang, Chia-Jen Liu, Shou-Ming Ou, Yu-Wen Hu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Hui-Ting Lee, Chi-Ching Chang, Chung-Tei Chou
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease and may complicate with interstitial lung disease. The risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection in patients with pSS has not been determined. This nationwide population-based study aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors of TB infection in patients with pSS. We identified 4,822 pSS patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database and compared the incidence rates of TB infection in these patients with 48,220 randomly selected age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched subjects without pSS...
March 2014: Clinical Rheumatology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sei Won Lee, Dal Rae Kim, Tae Jung Kim, Jin Ho Paik, Jin-Haeng Chung, Sanghoon Jheon, Jin Won Huh, Jae-Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee
BACKGROUND: An association between innate immunity including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and COPD is reported recently; TLR4 deficiency in lung can cause emphysema in animals, which is not evident in humans. We analyzed the association of TLR4 expression, airflow limitation and emphysema in smokers. METHODS: We enrolled patients of ≥40years old with smoking histories of ≥10 pack-years and who had undergone lung resection. We measured TLR4 expression in lung lysates...
2012: Respiratory Research
#13
REVIEW
Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vimal Paliwal, Hardeep Singh Malhotra
Tuberculous meningitis is primarily a disease of the meninges of brain and spinal cord along with adjacent brain parenchyma. The characteristic pathological changes are meningeal inflammation, basal exudates, vasculitis and hydrocephalus. Tuberculous meningitis has a strong predilection for basal parts of the brain. Exudates, if dominantly present in the interpeduncular, suprasellar and Sylvian cisterns, result in optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and tuberculoma. Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and tuberculoma are devastating forms of tuberculous meningitis and often associated with profound vision loss...
September 2011: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
#14
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Maria W Greenwald, William J Shergy, Jeffrey L Kaine, Marianne T Sweetser, Kye Gilder, Matthew D Linnik
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of rituximab in combination with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor and methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Adult patients with active RA (≥ 5 swollen and ≥ 5 tender joints) receiving a stable dose of MTX (10-25 mg/week) and stable dose of TNF inhibitor (etanercept or adalimumab) for ≥ 12 weeks were randomized 2:1 to receive one course of rituximab or placebo, given intravenously at a dose of 2 × 500 mg...
March 2011: Arthritis and Rheumatism
#15
REVIEW
Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn
There is substantial evidence from studies on racial variation in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) that human genetic variation is an important determinant of the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb). In only a minority of cases is there an obvious identifiable risk factor such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, advanced age, diabetes, corticosteroid usage or alcohol abuse. In the remainder, a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors causes the development of clinical TB...
January 2009: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand
#16
REVIEW
S L Swartz, R G Dluhy
The widespread use of corticosteroids in clinical practice emphasises the need for a thorough understanding of their metabolic effects. In general, the actions of corticosteroids on carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism result in increased hepatic capacity for gluconeogenesis and enhanced catabolic actions upon muscle, skin, lymphoid, adipose and connective tissues. Because of the morbidity associated with steroid therapy, the clinician must carefully consider in each case the gains that can reasonably be expected from corticosteroid therapy versus the inevitable undesirable side effects of prolonged therapy...
September 1978: Drugs
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