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Mohammed Mezaal, Malak Mohammed Abdulelah, Rawan Ahmed Mehanna
Arteriovenous malformation is a developmental anomaly of the vascular system characterized by arteriovenous shunt through a collection of tortuous vessels without intervening capillary bed. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may cause hemorrhagic stroke, epilepsy, and chronic headache. Migraine with aura was reported in up to 58% of females with AVM. A 23-year-old female presented with episodes of severe left-side headache for five months, throbbing in character with photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea...
January 2024: Curēus
#22
REVIEW
Jong S Kim, Seung-Bong Hong, Keun-Woo Park, Allen T C Lee
Neurological diseases often manifest with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger, apathy and fatigue. In addition, affected patients may also experience psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Various factors contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms, and the mechanisms of psychosis are similar, but still differ among various neurological diseases. Although psychotic symptoms are uncommon, and have been less well investigated, they may annoy patients and their families as well as impair the patients' quality of life and increase the caregiver burden...
March 2024: Journal of Clinical Neurology
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erum Shariff, Saima Nazish, Rizwana Shahid, Azra Zafar, Zakia M Yasawy, Norah A AlKhaldi, Danah AlJaafari, Nehad M Soltan, Foziah Alshamrani, Mohammed AlShurem, Aishah Ibrahim Albakr, Feras AlSulaiman, Rana Alameri, Majed Alabdali
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of seizures following a stroke is a well-recognized complication associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the numerous studies examining outcomes and risk factors related to post-stroke seizures (PSS), there remains a lack of clarity regarding the clinical characteristics, treatment, and PSS recurrence (PSSR) rates in patients experiencing their initial episode of PSS. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for developing recurrent seizures after first PSS and their effects on functional outcomes and mortality...
February 27, 2024: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Ambrogetti, Ethan Kavanagh, Khalid ElTayeb
Mitochondria are essential for human metabolic function. Over 350 genetic mutations are associated with mitochondrial diseases, which are inherited in a matrilineal fashion. In mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), defective mitochondrial function and resultant impaired cellular energy production compromise vascular perfusion in affected tissues. Early diagnostic criteria suggested the diagnosis should be considered in those under 40. However, a broader range of phenotypes are now recognised, including those that present for the first time later in life...
February 27, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea L C Schneider, Connor A Law, Rebecca F Gottesman, Gregory Krauss, Juebin Huang, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Frances E Jensen, James J Gugger, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Emily L Johnson
IMPORTANCE: Although both head injury and epilepsy are associated with long-term dementia risk, posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) has only been evaluated in association with short-term cognitive outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of PTE with dementia risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study initially enrolled participants from 1987 to 1989 and this prospective cohort study uses data through December 31, 2019, with a median follow-up of 25 years...
February 26, 2024: JAMA Neurology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Drexler, Franz L Ricklefs, Sharona Ben-Haim, Anna Rada, Friedrich Wörmann, Thomas Cloppenborg, Christian G Bien, Matthias Simon, Thilo Kalbhenn, Albert Colon, Kim Rijkers, Olaf Schijns, Valeri Borger, Rainer Surges, Hartmut Vatter, Michele Rizzi, Marco de Curtis, Giuseppe Didato, Nicoló Castelli, Alexandre Carpentier, Bertrand Mathon, Clarissa Lin Yasuda, Fernando Cendes, Poodipedi Sarat Chandra, Manjari Tripathi, Hans Clusmann, Daniel Delev, Marc Guenot, Claire Haegelen, Hélène Catenoix, Johannes Lang, Hajo Hamer, Sebastian Brandner, Katrin Walther, Jason S Hauptmann, Rosalind L Jeffree, Josua Kegele, Eliane Weinbrenner, Georgios Naros, Julia Velz, Niklaus Krayenbühl, Julia Onken, Ulf C Schneider, Martin Holtkamp, Karl Rössler, Andrea Spyrantis, Adam Strzelczyk, Felix Rosenow, Stefan Stodieck, Mario A Alonso-Vanegas, Jörg Wellmer, Tim Wehner, Lasse Dührsen, Jens Gempt, Thomas Sauvigny
OBJECTIVE: Benchmarking has been proposed to reflect surgical quality and represents the highest standard reference values for desirable results. We sought to determine benchmark outcomes in patients after surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included patients who underwent MTLE surgery at 19 expert centers on five continents. Benchmarks were defined for 15 endpoints covering surgery and epilepsy outcome at discharge, 1 year after surgery, and the last available follow-up...
February 24, 2024: Epilepsia
#27
REVIEW
Graham A R Johnston, Philip M Beart
Arising out of a PhD project more than 50 years ago to synthesise analogues of the neurotransmitter GABA, a series of new chemical entities were found to have selective actions on ionotropic GABA receptors. Several of these neurochemicals are now commercially available. A new subtype of these receptors was discovered that could be a target for the treatment of myopia, the facilitation of learning and memory, and the improvement of post-stroke motor recovery. The development of these new chemical entities over many years demonstrates the importance of neurochemicals with which to investigate selective aspects of GABA receptors and illustrates the significance of collaboration between chemists and biologists in neurochemistry...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Neurochemistry
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthias Koepp, Eugen Trinka, Wolfgang Löscher, Pavel Klein
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent progress in preventing epileptogenesis in patients with epilepsy. RECENT FINDINGS: The recent success of epilepsy prevention and disease modification in tuberous sclerosis using simple EEG biomarkers to guide treatment initiation, and the identification of biomarkers to enrich the targeted patient population has made clinical trials of epilepsy prevention after acquired central nervous system (CNS) insults such as traumatic brain injury, stroke or infection both feasible and timely...
February 13, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurology
#29
REVIEW
Taotao Jiang, Ting Zheng, Rundong Li, Jingjing Sun, Xiaoqing Luan, Manxia Wang
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an extensively distributed neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS), was initially detected and isolated from the brain of a pig in 1982. By binding to its G protein-coupled receptors, NPY regulates immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. The hippocampus contained the maximum concentration in the CNS, with the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum following suit. This arrangement suggests that the substance has a specific function within the CNS...
February 4, 2024: Neuropeptides
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anusha Mishra, Grant R Gordon, Brian A MacVicar, Eric A Newman
Astrocytes play an important role in controlling microvascular diameter and regulating local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in several physiological and pathological scenarios. Neurotransmitters released from active neurons evoke Ca2+ increases in astrocytes, leading to the release of vasoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) from astrocyte endfeet. Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) dilate blood vessels while 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) constricts vessels...
February 5, 2024: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
#31
Abdullah Tawakul, Arturo R Toro, José Rafael Romero
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are deposits of hemosiderin-laden macrophages that can be visualized on T2-weighted MRI sequences as small, ovoid areas of signal void. These markers represent hemorrhagic cerebral small vessel disease and are usually subclinical and asymptomatic. In these cases, we present two patients who presented with symptomatic, acute CMBs. CASE DESCRIPTION: Case 1 involves a 70-year-old male with history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea...
2024: Cerebral circulation—cognition and behavior
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacques Reis, Alain Buguet, Manny Radomski, Alex Buoite Stella, Teresa Corona Vásquez, Peter S Spencer
Interest in the health consequences of climate change (global warming, heatwaves) has increased in the neurological community. This review addresses the impact of elevated ambient temperatures and heatwaves on patients with neurological and mental health disorders, including multiple sclerosis, synucleinopathies, dementia, epilepsies, mental health, and stroke. Patients with such conditions are highly vulnerable during heatwaves because of functional disorders affecting sleep, thermoregulation, autonomic system reactivity, mood, and cognitive ability...
January 23, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene de Boer, Jakob M Hansen, Gisela M Terwindt
Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura in which the aura phase includes transient motor weakness. Diagnosis is based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria (ICHD-3). The most important diagnostic tools remain a patient interview, neurological examination during attacks, and exclusion of other disorders, such as epilepsy, stroke, encephalitis and secondary headache syndromes. Hemiplegic migraine can occur either familial or sporadic. Three genes, CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A have been identified...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Zhang, Jiechao Niu, Jiandong Wang, Aojie Cai, Yao Wang, Guangshuai Wei, Huaili Wang
Epilepsy in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is common, but drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE) in SWS has rarely been studied in children. We investigated the characteristics of epilepsy and risk factors for DRE in children with SWS. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with SWS with epilepsy in our hospital from January 2013 to October 2022. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to investigate the factors influencing DRE in children with SWS...
February 2, 2024: European Journal of Pediatrics
#35
REVIEW
Ruijia Liu, Jenelle M Collier, Nana-Hawwa Abdul-Rahman, Okan Capuk, Zhongling Zhang, Gulnaz Begum
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in maintaining ion and fluid homeostasis, essential for brain metabolism and neuronal function. Regulation of nutrient, water, and ion transport across the BBB is tightly controlled by specialized ion transporters and channels located within its unique cellular components. These dynamic transport processes not only influence the BBB's structure but also impact vital signaling mechanisms, essential for its optimal function. Disruption in ion, pH, and fluid balance at the BBB is associated with brain pathology and has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD)...
January 5, 2024: Aging and Disease
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Delon Dsouza, Saji K John, Raghunandan Nadig, Shagun Bhardwaj, Grk Sarma, Sagar Badachi, Kurian Thomas, Amrutha Avati, Sonia Shivde, Thomas Mathew
Introduction There are limited data regarding the profile of inpatient neurological disorders in India. Understanding the spectrum of diseases and the profile of patients admitted in an inpatient setting will help to streamline services, allocate resources, develop management protocols, design curricula, and improve training programs of postgraduate students in neurology training. Objective The objective of this study is to study the profile of inpatient neurological disorders in 1000 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary care neurological center...
December 2023: Curēus
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Zamani, Forough Ebrahimtabar, Shaghayegh Alizadeh-Tabari, Scott E Kasner, Mitchell S V Elkind, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan, Tenzin Choden, David T Rubin, Reza Malekzadeh
BACKGROUND: Several studies investigated the risks of neurological conditions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with some variability in findings. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence to elucidate the association between IBD and the risks of common neurological disorders. METHODS: We conducted a literature search through Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases from inception to June 30, 2023, to identify cohort studies assessing the risk of developing stroke, all-cause dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), seizure/epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy in adult IBD patients compared with non-IBD population...
January 25, 2024: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Ren, Yinhua Ge, Ruyi Wen, Yong Zhang, Jun Shen, Wenjun Chen
BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication during or after angiography, usually transient and reversible. CIE diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of no formal diagnostic criteria. CIE can mimic stroke symptoms, including visual disturbances, seizures, confusion, coma, and focal neurological deficits. This case reports neurological deficit reversal in a CIE patient due to the embolization of an intracranial aneurysm, the second angiographic procedure in six days...
January 23, 2024: BMC Neurology
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Pijet, Agnieszka Kostrzewska-Księzyk, Maja Pijet-Kucicka, Leszek Kaczmarek
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder affecting over 50 million individuals globally, is characterized by an enduring predisposition and diverse consequences, both neurobiological and social. Acquired epilepsy, constituting 30% of cases, often results from brain-damaging injuries like ischemic stroke. With one third of epilepsy cases being resistant to existing drugs and without any preventive therapeutics for epileptogenesis, identifying anti-epileptogenic targets is crucial. Stroke being a leading cause of acquired epilepsy, particularly in the elderly, prompts the need for understanding post-stroke epileptogenesis...
January 11, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dene Ringuette, Azin EbrahimAmini, Weerawong Sangphosuk, Mark S Aquilino, Gwennyth Carroll, Max Ashley, Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Suzie Dufour, Marine Droguerre, Bojana Stefanovic, Ofer Levi, Mathieu Charveriat, Philippe P Monnier, Peter L Carlen
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are an enigmatic and ubiquitous co-morbidity of neural dysfunction. SDs are propagating waves of local field depolarization and increased extracellular potassium. They increase the metabolic demand on brain tissue, resulting in changes in tissue blood flow, and are associated with adverse neurological consequences including stroke, epilepsy, neurotrauma, and migraine. Their occurrence is associated with poor patient prognosis through mechanisms which are only partially understood...
January 2024: Neurotherapeutics: the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
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