toxic hair

Cisplatin, a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug for various human cancers, induces irreversible sensorineural hearing loss as a side effect. Currently there are no highly effective clinical strategies for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Previous studies have indicated that short-term cisplatin ototoxicity primarily affects the outer hair cells of the cochlea. Therefore, preventing the entry of cisplatin into hair cells may be a promising strategy to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the entry route of cisplatin into mouse cochlear hair cells...

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by bald patches in certain areas of the body, especially the scalp. Minoxidil (MNX), as a first-line treatment of AA, effectively induces hair growth. However, oral and topical administration pose problems, including low bioavailability, risk of uncontrolled hair growth, and local side effects such as burning hair loss, and scalp irritation. In the latest research, MNX was delivered to the skin via microneedle (MN) transdermally. The MNX concentration was distributed throughout the needle so that drug penetration was reduced and had the potential to irritate...

Abemaciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor that is utilized to manage hormone-sensitive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Palbociclib and ribociclib are types of other orally administered CDK4/6i that share similar safety and tolerability compared with Abemaciclib. Reported side effects include reversible neutropenia of a lower grade, gastrointestinal toxicity, and anemia. CDK4/6i could induce dermatological side effects. Although less frequent, cutaneous adverse effects of CDK4/6i account for 25% of medication discontinuation...

BACKGROUND: Camel meat tainted with heavy metals or trace elements may pose a health risk to consumers. Heavy metal contamination poses a severe danger due to both their toxicity and bioaccumulation in the food chain. AIM: To estimate the residual levels of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Mn, Se, and As) in muscle, liver, kidney, hair, and serum of three camel breeds (Magaheem, Maghateer, and Wadha) collected from Al-Omran abattoir, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A total of 225 tissue samples (muscles, liver, kidney, serum, and hair) were taken and analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer...

Cisplatin is widely employed in clinical oncology as an anticancer chemotherapy drug in clinical practice and is known for its severe ototoxic side effects. Prior research indicates that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in cisplatin's inner ear toxicity. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside extracted from citrus fruits that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Nonetheless, the specific pharmacological actions of hesperidin in alleviating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity remain elusive...

Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants in the natural environment and contribute to increased levels of illness in both animals and humans. However, thespecific impacts of MPs on skin damage and alopeciaare not yet well understood. In this study, we have examined the effects of two types of polystyrene MPs (pristine and aged) on skin and hair follicle damage in mice. UV irradiation changed the chemical and physical properties of the aged MPs, including functional groups, surface roughness, and contact angles...

Mercury is a toxic pollutant that poses risks to both human and environmental health, making it a pressing public health concern. This study aimed to summarize the knowledge on mercury toxicology and the biological impairments caused by exposure to mercury in experimental studies and/or diagnosis in humans. The research was conducted on the main collection of Web of Science, employing as a methodological tool a bibliometric analysis. The selected articles were analyzed, and extracted data such as publication year, journal, author, title, number of citations, corresponding author's country, keywords, and the knowledge mapping was performed about the type of study, chemical form of mercury, exposure period, origin of exposure, tissue/fluid of exposure measurement, mercury concentration, evaluation period (age), mercury effect, model experiments, dose, exposure pathway, and time of exposure...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the Esteban study was to describe levels of various biomarkers of exposure to several environmental pollutants, including metals and metalloids, among the French population. This paper describes the distribution of concentrations of 28 metals and metalloids in two different populations, and estimates the main determinants of exposure to total arsenic, the sum of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its two metabolites monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury and nickel...

Reproduction, especially impregnation, is a critical aspect of dairy cow management that directly influences herd milk productivity. We conducted a noninvasive hair mineral assay to compare the mineral profiles of two dairy cow groups: reproducible and repeat breeder, by investigating the levels of 11 essential minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Se, and P) and 6 toxic elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Al, As, and Ni) in both groups. We also conducted principal component and correlation matrix analyses to compare hair mineral patterns between the groups...

Aminoglycosides are commonly used antibiotics for treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections, however, they might act on inner ear, leading to hair-cell death and hearing loss. Currently, there is no targeted therapy for aminoglycoside ototoxicity, since the underlying mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hearing impairments are not fully defined. This study aimed to investigate whether the calcium channel blocker verapamil and changes in intracellular & extracellular calcium could ameliorate aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in zebrafish...

Background : Plexiform neurofibromas (pNFs) are benign neoplasms, primarily originating from Schwann cells, posing challenges in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) due to pain, disfigurement, compression of vital structures and potential for malignancy. Selumetinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, has shown promising results in treating inoperable pNFs, with clinical trials demonstrating tumor volume reduction and improved patient-reported outcomes. Despite its efficacy, dermatologic toxicities may impact the quality of life and treatment adherence...

Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral part of many cancer treatment protocols. Chronic radiation-induced dermatitis (CRD) is a cutaneous toxicity that occurs in one-third of all patients treated with this method. CRD is usually observed several months after completion of treatment. Typical symptoms of CRD are telangiectasia, skin discoloration, atrophy, thickening, and cutaneous fibrosis. There are currently no data in the literature on the evaluation of the dermoscopic features of CRD. The aim of this prospective study was the identification of clinical and dermoscopic features in a group of 32 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in whom CRD developed after RT...

Widespread contamination of the Amazon basin with mercury has been reported to occur since at least the mid-80s due to heavy gold mining activity. Although initial studies have indicated that this may lead to deleterious neurological consequences to the indigenous populations living in the region, further research is needed to better characterize the neurological burden of such long-term exposure. With this aim, a cross-sectional exploratory study has been conducted with the Yanomami indigenous population residing in a northern Amazon region...

Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element that poses risks to human health due to its high toxicity and environmental persistence. We determined the total Hg (THg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in hair samples from residents of the Demarcação District (Porto Velho, Rondônia) in the Brazilian Amazon, as well as in water and fish samples, to evaluate factors influencing human exposure. The average THg concentration in human hair was 7.86 ± 6.78 mg kg-1 and it was significantly higher in men, with an increasing trend related to age...

Mercury contamination in the Amazon arising from both natural sources and intensive mining activities in the region is a significant public health concern. This metal is used to separate Au from sediments. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the impact of mining on mercury contamination in the animal and human populations of the Amazon. This overall objective was pursued through a systematic review of the existing literature to assess the impact of Hg and identify gaps in geographic coverage arising from this assessment...

Despite legal safeguards, the Yanomami community faces challenges such as unauthorized incursions by gold miners, resulting in environmental degradation, particularly from mercury. This jeopardizes the health and food security of indigenous individuals, especially due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Ethnic and racial disparities persist in indigenous healthcare, marked by troubling health indicators such as malnutrition, anemia, and infectious diseases. This cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2022 in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory in the Amazon Forest, Brazil, presented clinical, laboratory, and neurodevelopmental findings in Yanomami children chronically exposed to methylmercury...

Introduction: Ototoxicity is a debilitating side effect of over 150 medications with diverse mechanisms of action, many of which could be taken concurrently to treat multiple conditions. Approaches for preclinical evaluation of drug-drug interactions that might impact ototoxicity would facilitate design of safer multi-drug regimens and mitigate unsafe polypharmacy by flagging combinations that potentially cause adverse interactions for monitoring. They may also identify protective agents that antagonize ototoxic injury...

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a debilitating disorder for millions worldwide. While there are multiple underlying causes of ARHL, one common factor is loss of sensory hair cells. In mammals, new hair cells are not produced postnatally and do not regenerate after damage, leading to permanent hearing impairment. By contrast, fish produce hair cells throughout life and robustly regenerate these cells after toxic insult. Despite these regenerative abilities, zebrafish show features of ARHL. Here, we show that aged zebrafish of both sexes exhibited significant hair cell loss and decreased cell proliferation in all inner ear epithelia (saccule, lagena, utricle)...

Although topical application of minoxidil is a widely used, FDA-approved therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatment, it suffers from low bioavailability, the requirement for frequent long-term use, and side effects. With a similar structure as minoxidil, kopexil and kopyrrol are less toxic and have been commercialized, but show an inferior hair regeneration effect compared to minoxidil. Herein, we developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dissolvable microneedles (MNs) delivery platform integrated with kopexil and kopyrrol coencapsulated nanoliposomes (KK-NLPs) to effectively and safely treat AGA...

Human biomonitoring of toxic trace elements is of critical importance for public health protection. The current study aims to assess the levels of selected trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) into paired human nail and hair samples (n = 180 each) from different altitudinal setting along the Indus River, and which were measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The human samples (hair and nail) were collected from four different ecological zones of Pakistan which include frozen mountain zone (FMZ), wet mountain zone (WMZ), riverine delta zone (RDZ), and low-lying southern areas (LLZ)...