filter

Expanding upon the burgeoning discipline of magnonics, this research elucidates the intricate dynamics of spin waves (SWs) within three-dimensional nanoenvironments. It marks a shift from traditionally used planar systems to exploration of magnetization configurations and the resulting dynamics within 3D nanostructures. This study deploys micromagnetic simulations alongside ferromagnetic resonance measurements to scrutinize magnetic gyroids, periodic chiral configurations composed of chiral triple junctions with a period in nanoscale...

Short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with a decline in cognitive function. Standardized test scores have been employed to evaluate the effects of air pollution exposure on cognitive performance. Few studies aimed to prove whether air pollution is responsible for reduced test scores; none have implemented a "gold-standard" method for assessing the association such as a randomized, double-blind intervention. This study used a "gold-standard" method─randomized, double-blind crossover─to assess whether reducing short-term indoor particle concentrations results in improved test scores in college students in Tianjin, China...

Bi2 Te3 -based thermoelectric (TE) materials are the state-of-the-art compounds for commercial applications near room temperature. Nevertheless, the application of the n-type Bi2 Te2.7 Se0.3 (BTS) is restricted by the comparatively low figure of merit (ZT) and intrinsic embrittlement. Here, we show that through dispersion of amorphous Si3 N4 ( a -Si3 N4 ) nanoparticles both 14% increase in power factor (at 300 K) and 48% decrease in lattice thermal conductivity are simultaneously realized. The increased power factor comes from enhanced thermopower and reduced electrical resistivity while the reduced lattice thermal conductivity originates mainly from scattering of middle- and low-frequency phonons at the incorporated a -Si3 N4 nanoparticles...

Nanoparticle formation by Spark Discharge Aerosol Generation offers low-cost fabrication of nanoparticles, without the use of chemicals or vacuum. It produces aerosol particles of a few nanometers in size with high purity. In this work, copper-based - CuO (tenorite) and Cu- nanoparticles are produced, characterized and used to modify face mask air filters, achieving the introduction of antibacterial and antiviral properties. A range of characterization techniques have been employed, down to the atomic level...

BACKGROUND: Fresh Menthol 3% Nicotine (FM3) is a novel JUUL e-liquid formulation. Its potential toxicity and that of the corresponding base formulation relative to a filtered air (FA) control was studied in a subchronic inhalation study conducted in general accordance with OECD 413. METHODS: Aerosols generated with an intense puffing regime were administered to rats in a nose-only fashion at 1400 µg aerosol collected mass/L on a 6 hour/day basis for 90 days with a 42-day recovery...

INTRODUCTION: Metformin is a biguanide used to manage patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, metabolic acidosis with an elevated lactate concentration and death caused by metformin overdoses are toxicological concerns. Although activated charcoal has been widely used for gastrointestinal decontamination in cases of acute poisoning, there is no evidence regarding its efficacy in treating metformin overdoses. We therefore evaluated the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for metformin in vitro ...

Low-cost air pollution sensors, offering hyper-local characterization of pollutant concentrations, are becoming increasingly prevalent in environmental and public health research. However, low-cost air pollution data can be noisy, biased by environmental conditions, and usually need to be field-calibrated by collocating low-cost sensors with reference-grade instruments. We show, theoretically and empirically, that the common procedure of regression-based calibration using collocated data systematically underestimates high air pollution concentrations, which are critical to diagnose from a health perspective...

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used to manage various life-threatening illnesses. It is widely performed by nephrologists, intensivists, pathologists, or experts in transfusion medicine worldwide. However, the costs of TPE sessions are exceedingly high, and they have a huge impact on patients' financial burden. Herein, we investigated the outcomes of the reuse of plasma filters in TPE on several occasions. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients receiving TPE from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2023, in the Department of Nephrology...

Introduction Marine actinobacteria are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds due to their distinct ecological niches and diverse secondary metabolite production capabilities. Among these,  Microbispora  sp. T3S11 is notable for its unique spore chain structure, which allows for both morphological and genetic identification. Despite its potential, little is understood about the secondary metabolites produced by this strain. In this study, we hope to fill this gap by extracting and analyzing the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from  Microbispora  sp...

The seasonal migrations of insects involve a substantial displacement of biomass with significant ecological and economic consequences for regions of departure and arrival. Remote sensors have played a pivotal role in revealing the magnitude and general direction of bioflows above 150 m. Nevertheless, the takeoff and descent activity of insects below this height is poorly understood. Our lidar observations elucidate the low-height dusk movements and detailed information of insects in southern Sweden from May to July, during the yearly northward migration period...

INTRODUCTION: Differences in control measures and response speeds between regions may be responsible for the differences in the number of infections of global infectious diseases. Therefore, this article aims to examine the decay stage of global infectious diseases. We demonstrate our method by considering the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. METHODS: We introduce the concept of the attenuation rate into the varying coefficient SEIR model to measure the effect of different cities on epidemic control, and make inferences through the integrated adjusted Kalman filter algorithm...

PURPOSE: 1.1 Proton ( 1 H)-MRSI via spatial-spectral encoding poses high demands on gradient hardware at ultra-high fields and high-resolutions. Rosette trajectories help alleviate these problems, but at reduced SNR-efficiency due to their k-space densities not matching any desired k-space filter. We propose modified rosette trajectories, which more closely match a Hamming filter, and thereby improve SNR performance while still staying within gradient hardware limitations and without prolonging scan time...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite hardware acceleration, state-of-the-art Monte Carlo (MC) dose engines require considerable computation time to reduce stochastic noise. We developed a deep learning (DL) based dose engine reaching high accuracy at strongly reduced computation times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy treatment plans and computed tomography scans were collected for 350 treatments in a variety of tumor sites. Dose distributions were computed using a MC dose engine for <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

Due to the heavy burden on human drivers when remotely controlling hexapod robots in complex terrain environments, there is a critical need for robot intelligence to assist in generating control commands. Therefore, this study proposes a mapping process framework that generates a combination of human-robot commands based on decision target values, focusing on the task of robot intelligence assisting drivers in generating human-robot command combinations. Furthermore, human-robot state constraints are quantified as geometric constraints on robot motion and driver fatigue constraints...

The cigarette filter is an essential component of modern cigarettes and studying the flow distribution within the cigarette filter is of great significance in reducing the harm of cigarettes and optimizing smoking sensations. As the object of numerical simulation research, a three-dimensional model of the cigarette was accurately constructed through micro-CT reverse engineering, achieving a scanning accuracy of 4.05 μm. An overall porous media model of the cigarette filter was established to characterize the pressure distribution inside the filter...

PURPOSE: To examine whether image processing of non-mydriatic DRI Triton SS-OCT (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) using the red free filter could assess the presence of choroidal nodules and thus include their detection as a diagnostic criterion in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 417 eyes from 210 patients, 377 - from 190 patients diagnosed with NF1 according to the criteria established by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference (NIH) and 40 from 20 healthy patients as a control group...

Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness, with an estimated 95 million people affected worldwide. A hallmark of cataract development is lens opacification, typically associated not only with aging but also radiation exposure as encountered by interventional radiologists and astronauts during the long-term space mission. To better understand radiation-induced cataracts, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was used to structure and evaluate knowledge across biological levels of organization (e...

To investigate the predictive value of baseline platelet count and its short-term dynamic changes in the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in the intensive care unit. Patients diagnosed with AHF in the medical information mart for intensive care III and their clinical data were retrospectively filtered. Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups based on their prognosis during hospitalization, and differences in baseline data between groups were compared. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were performed to evaluate the relationship between baseline platelet counts and in-hospital mortality...

We report a case of right advanced breast cancer with multiple lung metastases in a 66-year-old woman. Her breast cancer( invasive ductal carcinoma, cT4bN1M1, Stage Ⅳ)was resected in October 2007(mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection)after local arterial infusion therapy(total dose 5-FU 4,735 mg plus adriamycin 180 mg), which caused bilateral lung arterial embolism due to deep vein thrombosis in right her leg. She had to be treated by anticoagulant therapy, mechanical ventilation and placement of IVC filter before her operation...

Efficient and stable photocathodes are crucial for the development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting devices. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is one of the most advanced photovoltaic cells. However, due to the instability of its outermost indium tin oxide (ITO) layers in the electrolyte, a protective layer needs to be introduced on its surface. Previously reported high-quality protective layers almost all involved the use of expensive thin film manufacturing techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD)...