AVMs

OBJECTIVE: Conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare and challenging to treat. To better define the presentation, prognosis, and optimal treatment of these lesions, the authors present their treatment experiences for conus medullaris AVM. METHODS: Eleven patients with AVM of the conus medullaris were identified between March 2013 and December 2021. Among these patients, 7 who underwent microsurgical treatment were included. Patient data, including age, sex, symptoms at presentation, neurological status, radiological findings, nidus depth (mainly pial lesion vs intramedullary lesion), type of treatment, and recurrence at follow-up, were collected...

OBJECTIVE: Signal enhancement of vascular walls on vessel wall MRI might be a biomarker for inflammation. It has been theorized that contrast enhancement on vessel wall imaging (VWI) in draining veins of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may be associated with disease progression and development of venous stenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vessel wall enhancement and hemodynamic stressors along AVM draining veins. METHODS: Eight AVM patients with 15 draining veins visualized on VWI were included...

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BACKGROUND: Tortuosity of intracranial arteries is rare and usually mistaken for arteriovenous malformations. In the world literature, the term «pure arterial malformations» is used to refer to this disease. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of the Burdenko Neurosurgery Center on diagnosis of intracranial artery tortuosity, management and treatment of these patients, as well as to review appropriate literature data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tortuosity of intracranial arteries was detected in 11 patients (8 women and 3 men) aged 7-48 years who underwent outpatient or inpatient examination and treatment at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Center between 2009 and 2022...

Thalamic pain syndrome is a distressing type of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) that occurs in up to 10% of cases following a cerebrovascular accident, typically with a delayed onset of signs and symptoms, and is often chronic or even life-long. Thalamic pain syndrome, as is the case for other CPSPs, is difficult to treat, and the response is typically moderate at best. Central pain also occurs after vascular insults in parts of the CNS other than the thalamus. Only a few patients present with the classic "Dejerine and Roussy syndrome," so the term CPSP is preferred for describing neuropathic pain after stroke...

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also called Rendu-Osler syndrome, is a group of rare genetic diseases characterized by autosomal dominance, multisystemic vascular dysplasia, and age-related penetrance. This includes arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the skin, brain, lung, liver, and mucous membranes. The correlations between the phenotype and genotype for HHT are not clear. An HHT Chinese pedigree was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis, Sanger verification, and co-segregation were conducted...

INTRODUCTION: The long-term outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains poorly understood given the paucity of longitudinal studies. A systematic review was conducted to pool cumulative incidences for all outcomes. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried to systematically extract potential references. The articles relating to AVMs treated via SRS were required to be written in the English language, involve pediatric patients (< 18 years of age), and include a mean follow-up period of > 5 years...

PURPOSE: To assess whether transarterial embolization using adjunctive techniques according to angioarchitectural types is effective for treating renal arteriovenous malformations (rAVMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 18 patients with rAVM (type 1, n=7; type 2, n=2; type 3, n=9; mean age: 53.8) who underwent 25 procedures, in total, between 2011 and 2022 were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, endovascular techniques, AVM occlusion rate, adverse events (including the incidence of renal infarction), and clinical outcomes (including recurrence/aggravation of AVM) and symptoms were analyzed according to the angioarchitectual types...

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A 40-year-old man was incidentally found to have right-sided pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with an aneurysmal dominant outflow vein (DOV). The AVM had two main feeding arteries forming a cluster of fine vessels shunt to the DOV. As transvenous approach was impossible due to anatomical difficulty, transarterial ethanol embolization was performed under simultaneous double microballoon occlusion of the two feeding arteries in combination with protective coil embolization of the prostatic branches. Ethanol (13 mL) was intermittently injected from both microballoon catheters until the AV shunt was completely occluded...

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a leading cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in both children and young adults. With the continued advancement of science and technology, the understanding of the pathophysiology behind the development of these lesions has evolved. From early theory published by Harvey Cushing and Percival Bailey in 1928, Tumors Arising from the Blood-vessels of the Brain: Angiomatous Malformations and Hemangioblastoma, which regarded AVMs as tumors arising from blood vessels, to the meticulous artistry of Dorcas Padget's embryological cataloguing of the cerebral vasculature in 1948, to the proliferative capillaropathy theory of Yaşargil in 1987, to Ramey's 2014 hierarchical model of vascular development, there have been multiple hypotheses of congenital, developmental, and genetic two-hit theories in the pathogenesis of AVMs...

OBJECTIVE: The brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) nidus compactness score (CS), determined on angiography, predicts BAVM recurrence after surgical resection among children with sporadic BAVMs. We measured the angiographic CS for BAVMs among children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) to determine CS characteristics in this population. METHODS: A pediatric interventional neuroradiologist reviewed angiograms to determine the CS of BAVMs in children with HHT recruited to the BVMC...

We present a case of successful embolization of an anterior chest wall arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 24-year-old male patient. This report aims to highlight the efficacy and safety of using the liquid embolic agent (onyx) as well as the combined approaches (trans-femoral and trans-radial) in managing rare complex chest wall AVMs.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in the medical field, leveraging its intelligence and automation for the management of various diseases. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are particularly noteworthy, experiencing rapid development in recent years and yielding remarkable results. This paper aims to summarize the applications of AI in the management of AVMs management. METHODS: Literatures published in PubMed during 1999-2022, discussing AI application in AVMs management were reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: Endothelial cells (ECs) continuously line the cerebrovasculature. Molecular aberrations in the ECs are hallmarks and contributory factors to the development of cerebrovascular diseases, including intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Endovascular biopsy has been introduced as a method to harvest ECs and obtain relevant biologic information. We aimed to summarize the literature on endovascular biopsy in neurointerventional surgery. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in multiple databases, identifying eligible studies focusing on neurosurgical applications of endovascular biopsy...

Surgical extirpation of brain arteriovenous malformations(AVMs)requires precise pre-surgical simulation. Utilizing image software, widely used with picture archiving and communication systems(PACS), surgeons can generate simulation images that precisely illustrate the proper feeders, passing arteries, and drainers. The crucial steps for creating informative simulation images include: (1)the free rotation of reconstructed 3D digital subtraction angiography(DSA)images; (2)removal of irrelevant arteries(the most important procedure); and(3)construction of stereo imagery of the "core images...

AIMS: BMP9 is a high affinity ligand of ALK1 and endoglin receptors that are mutated in the rare genetic vascular disorder Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). We have previously shown that loss of Bmp9 in the 129/Ola genetic background leads to spontaneous liver fibrosis via capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and kidney lesions. We aimed to decipher the molecular mechanisms downstream of BMP9 to better characterize its role in vascular homeostasis in different organs...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular malformations that are more commonly found intracranially, followed by the head, neck, limbs, and trunk. Extracranially, AVMs can mimic peripheral nerve tumors, leading to misdiagnosis. OBSERVATIONS: A 19-year-old female, who presented with left lateral lower leg pain, was preoperatively thought to have a peripheral nerve tumor; at surgery, however, she was found to have an extracranial AVM. The distinct margins of the tumor on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging suggested that the patient might have a peripheral nerve tumor; however, the clinical symptoms of focal pain at rest and the absence of Tinel's sign should have raised questions about this diagnosis...

This case report presents a 13-year-old patient with a lung nodule identified on a chest radiograph in the emergency department during an evaluation of knee and side pain after a fall. The patient had nosebleeds, family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and after chest computed tomography with angiography, the nodule was defined as a single pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Neither parent nor patient had been evaluated for HHT, an autosomal dominant disease, despite the family history...

BACKGROUND: Renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is uncommon and only few cases have been described, mainly with surgical management because of uncontrolled hematuria. CASE PRESENTATION: We managed a 70-year-old patient with HHT who presented with hematuria and left flank pain. Computed Tomography and ultrasound showed left renal AVM of 18 mm with clotting in the urinary tract. An external ureteral catheter was placed during 3 days to allow rinsing and facilitate elimination of clots...