Administration

BACKGROUND: The Philippines is the global maritime industry's single biggest source of seafarers. This article examines how the Philippines protects the welfare of its seafarers working on board ocean-going vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed a multi-method approach to better understand the POEA-SEC as a regulatory instrument. First, we analysed Philippine legislation and regulations that are shaping the employment, welfare, and working conditions of Filipino seafarers...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to screen for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) complaints, to analyse the activity and to identify their risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological study involved 903 men aged > 20 years and with a seniority > 2 years. It included a questionnaire and an ergonomic analysis of the activity. The questionnaire included: socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, health status and life habits, stress and items from the Nordic questionnaire...

This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of maribavir versus investigator-assigned therapy (IAT; valganciclovir/ganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir) for post-transplant refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with or without resistance. A two-stage Markov model was designed using data from the SOLSTICE trial (NCT02931539), real-world multinational observational studies, and published literature. Stage 1 (0-78 weeks) comprised clinically significant CMV (csCMV), non-clinically significant CMV (n-csCMV), and dead states; stage 2 (78 weeks-lifetime) comprised alive and dead states...

Intravenous and oral 14 d repeated dose toxicity studies of Trichostatin A (TSA) were carried out in Swiss albino mice using low, intermediate, and high doses. Intravenous doses were 10, 25, and 50 μg/kg b.w while the oral doses were 20, 50, and 100 μg/kg b.w. Respective control groups of mice were administered phosphate buffered saline (vehicle only) for 14 consecutive days. All external morphological, hematological, biochemical, urine, histopathological, food intake in addition to body weight and vital organ weight were recorded...

Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is an emerging magnetic resonance technique, for non-invasive mapping of human brain glucose metabolism following oral or intravenous administration of deuterium-labeled glucose. Regional differences in glucose metabolism can be observed in various brain pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, epilepsy or schizophrenia, but the achievable spatial resolution of conventional phase-encoded DMI methods is limited due to prolonged acquisition times rendering submilliliter isotropic spatial resolution for dynamic whole brain DMI not feasible...

The human immunodeficiency virus continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals. The current treatment strategy has incorporated the utilization of combinations of antiretroviral drugs. The administration of these drugs is associated with many deleterious consequences on several physiological systems, notably the reproductive system. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of abacavir sulfate, ritonavir, nevirapine, and zidovudine, as well as their combinations, on TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells...

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a CD33 monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate currently in use to treat myeloid malignancies. A unique adverse effect of this medication is destruction of CD33 positive macrophages resulting in reduced clearance of free hemoglobin leading to grossly red plasma. This build-up of free hemoglobin can potentially lead to end organ damage and prevent performance of clinically necessary laboratory evaluation. We present a case of a pediatric patient who developed this adverse effect and was successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)...

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Peanut allergy affects about 1%-3% of the pediatric population in the world, with an important increase in the last decades. Nowadays, international guidelines recommend the early introduction of peanuts in the infant diet, with poor information about the quantity and the frequency of the intake. Allergen immunotherapy may represent the only therapeutic strategy able to modify the natural history of peanut allergy. In particular, oral immunotherapy showed the most promising results in terms of efficacy, but with significant rates of adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal...

BACKGROUND: The pediatric sizes of BlockBuster supraglottic airway (SGA) have been introduced recently. Its efficacy as a conduit for endotracheal intubation in children has not been assessed. Newer devices are often compared with Air-Q SGA to assess their intubating capability. AIMS: The primary objective was to compare the time taken for fiber-optic-guided intubation through the BlockBuster and the Air-Q SGAs. METHODS: Sixty children aged 6 months to 12 years with normal airways were randomized into two groups: Air-Q SGA (Group A) and Blockbuster SGA (Group B)...

BACKGROUND: The risk factor (RF) burden, clinical course, and long-term outcome among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged <65 years is unclear. METHODS: Adult (n=67 221; mean age, 72.4±12.3 years; and 45% female) patients with AF evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 2010 and December 2019 were studied. Hospital system-wide electronic health records and administrative data were utilized to ascertain RFs, comorbidities, and subsequent hospitalization and cardiac interventions...

OBJECTIVES: Implicit bias can affect clinical decisions that influence the care received by patients whose ancestors had been subjected to unfair medical and social practices. However, literature describing the effects of implicit bias training as part of continuing medical and nursing education is scarce. We conducted a longitudinal evaluation of a training for maternal health care clinical and nonclinical staff. METHODS: A total of 80 staff members at 2 clinical sites in Cleveland, Ohio, participated in the training and evaluation in 2020 and 2021...

Bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in mice is a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms that drive inflammation and fibrosis and for evaluating potential therapeutic approaches to treat the disease. Given high variability in the BLM model, it is critical to accurately phenotype the animals in the course of an experiment. In the current study, we aimed to demonstrate the utility of microscopic computed tomography (µCT) imaging combined with an artificial intelligence (AI) convolutional neural network (CNN)-powered lung segmentation for rapid phenotyping of BLM mice...

This study aimed to control the oral absorption of cyclosporine A (CsA) with the use of a mucosal drug delivery system (mDDS). Mucopenetrating nanocarriers (MP/NCs) and mucoadhesive nanocarriers (MA/NCs) were prepared by flash nanoprecipitation employing polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) and polystyrene-block-poly(N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), respectively. Their particle distribution in the rat gastrointestinal tract were visualized by fluorescent imaging. Plasma concentrations were monitored after oral administration of CsA-loaded MP/NCs (MP/CsA) and MA/NCs (MA/CsA) to rats...

A 5-year-old Miniature Dachshund was presented having an infrabony pocket on the palatal aspect of the right maxillary canine tooth. The bony defect had worsened despite previous closed root planing and administration of a perioceutic agent. A second surgery using an allogeneic cancellous bone augmentation with an enamel matrix derivative was performed in the infrabony defect following open root planing. Eight months after the periodontal surgery, the osseous defect showed healing by improved periodontal probing measurements and increased radiopacity using dental radiography and computed tomography...

Central nervous system disorders are prevalent, profoundly debilitating, and poorly managed. Developing innovative treatments for these conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, could significantly improve patients' quality of life and reduce the future economic burden on healthcare systems. However, groundbreaking drugs for central nervous system disorders have been scarce in recent years, highlighting the pressing need for advancements in this field. One significant challenge in the realm of nanotherapeutics is ensuring the precise delivery of drugs to their intended targets due to the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease...

Neurofibrillary tangles of tau constitute one of the key biological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the assessment of regional tau accumulation requires intravenous administration of radioactive tracers for PET imaging. A noninvasive MRI-based solution would have significant clinical implications. Herein, we utilized an MRI technique known as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) to determine the imaging signature of tau in both its monomeric and pathologic fibrillated conformations. Three sets of purified recombinant full-length (4R) tau protein were prepared for collection of CEST spectra using a 9...

AIMS: The anthracycline family of anticancer agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) can induce apoptotic death of cardiomyocytes and cause cardiotoxicity. We previously reported that DOX-induced apoptosis is accompanied by cardiomyocyte cell cycle-reentry. Cell cycle progression requires cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7)-mediated activation of downstream cell cycle CDKs. This study aims to determine whether CDK7 can be targeted for cardioprotection during anthracycline chemotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: DOX exposure induced CDK7 activation in mouse heart and isolated cardiomyocytes...

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's historic election victory in 2018 marked a sharp break from past decades of neoliberal socioeconomic policies. López Obrador campaigned on the promise of deep reform, with health care high on his agenda. The public health care sector had been decimated by decades of budget cuts, eroding workers' morale and patients' confidence, and crippling all aspects of the system. This article looks back to the creation of the nation's public health care system in the early twentieth century during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940)...

Rationale: Resistance to targeted therapies like trastuzumab remains a critical challenge for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite the progress of several N-terminal HSP90 inhibitors in clinical trials, none have achieved approval for clinical use, primarily due to issues such as induction of the heat shock response (HSR), off-target effects, and unfavorable toxicity profiles. We sought to examine the effects of HVH-2930, a novel C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor, in overcoming trastuzumab resistance. Methods: The effect of HVH-2930 on trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cell lines in vitro was evaluated in terms of cell viability, expression of HSP90 client proteins, and impact on cancer stem cells...