Etf

Innovative analytical instruments and development of new methods has provided a better understanding of protein particle formation in biopharmaceuticals but have also challenged the ability to obtain reproducible and reliable measurements. The need for protein-like particle standards mimicking the irregular shape, translucent nature and near-to-neutral buoyancy of protein particles remained one of the hot topics in the field of particle detection and characterization in biopharmaceutical formulations. An innovative protein-like particle model has been developed using two photo polymerization (2PP) printing allowing to fabricate irregularly shaped particles with similar properties as protein particles at precise size of 50 µm and 150 µm, representative of subvisible particles and visible particles, respectively...

Ehrlichia chaffeensis infects human monocytes or macrophages and causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), an emerging life-threatening zoonosis. After internalization, E. chaffeensis resides in membrane-bound inclusions, E. chaffeensis -containing vesicles (ECVs), which have early endosome-like characteristics and fuse with early autophagosomes but not lysosomes, to evade host innate immune microbicidal mechanisms and obtain nutrients for bacterial intracellular growth. The mechanisms exploited by E. chaffeensis to modulate intracellular vesicle trafficking in host cells have not been comprehensively studied...

Solution NMR is typically applied to biological systems with molecular weights < 40 kDa whereas magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR traditionally targets very large, oligomeric proteins and complexes exceeding 500 kDa in mass, including fibrils and crystalline protein preparations. Here, we propose that the gap between these size regimes can be filled by the approach presented that enables investigation of large, soluble and fully protonated proteins in the range of 40-140 kDa. As a key step, ultracentrifugation produces a highly concentrated, gel-like state, resembling a dense phase in spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)...

AIM: The surgical success rate of tympanoplasty appears to be influenced by a number of variables. Eustachian tube dysfunction has been shown as one of the factors causing failure in tympanoplasty. It is known that bilateral disease and decreased in mastoid pneumatization are associated with Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. In this study, the relationship between the success of type 1 tympanoplasty and mastoid pneumatization, bilateral disease and ET function was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 patients who were operated for chronic otitis media in our clinic were included...

The flavodoxin of Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 (Rp9Fld) supplies highly reducing equivalents to crucial enzymes such as hydrogenase, especially when the organism is iron-restricted. By acquiring those electrons from photodriven electron flow via the bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), Rp9Fld provides solar power to vital metabolic processes. To understand Rp9Fld's ability to work with diverse partners, we solved its crystal structure. We observe the canonical flavodoxin (Fld) fold and features common to other long-chain Flds, but not all the surface loops thought to recognize partner proteins...

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a marked decrease in elective surgical volume and orthopaedic device sales. The aim of this paper was to quantify this decrease and the related financial impact on the largest hip/knee arthroplasty companies by: (1) tracking individual hip/knee company valuations; (2) calculating aggregate changes in overall hip/knee arthroplasty market valuations; and (3) quantifying quarterly hip/knee revenues relative to prior years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Financial data on the top five hip/knee arthroplasty companies by size between January 1, 2019, and October 1, 2020, was collected from a Wall Street financial database, S&P Capital IQ...

Biological magnetic field sensing that gives rise to physiological responses is of considerable importance in quantum biology. The radical pair mechanism (RPM) is a fundamental quantum process that can explain some of the observed biological magnetic effects. In magnetically sensitive radical pair (RP) reactions, coherent spin dynamics between singlet and triplet pairs are modulated by weak magnetic fields. The resulting singlet and triplet reaction products lead to distinct biological signaling channels and cellular outcomes...

BACKGROUND: At present, there is no unified and effective treatment for extreme corrosive esophageal stenosis (CES) with esophagotracheal fistula (ETF). This case had extreme and severe esophageal stenosis (ES) and ETF after ingesting an enzyme-based chemical detergent, resulting in a serious pulmonary infection and severe malnutrition. Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed that he had an ETF, and endoscopy showed that he had extreme and severe esophageal stricture. This case was complex and difficult to treat...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anti-demineralizing effect of a mouthwash comprising pomegranate peel extract (PPE 3%), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP 0.3%), and fluoride (F 225 ppm) in an in situ study, and to assess its irritation potential in an ex vivo study. METHODS: This double-blind crossover study was conducted in four phases with 7 days each. Twelve volunteers used palatal appliances containing enamel blocks, which were subjected to cariogenic challenges...

This study presents a novel approach to predicting price fluctuations for U.S. sector index ETFs. By leveraging information-theoretic measures like mutual information and transfer entropy, we constructed threshold networks highlighting nonlinear dependencies between log returns and trading volume rate changes. We derived centrality measures and node embeddings from these networks, offering unique insights into the ETFs' dynamics. By integrating these features into gradient-boosting algorithm-based models, we significantly enhanced the predictive accuracy...

Esophagotracheal fistula (ETF), one of the most serious complications in the treatment of esophageal cancer, presents a complex management challenge. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to alleviate clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with ETF. The most commonly used method for treating ETF is esophageal stenting. However, because of the variable location and size of the fistula, stent placement alone sometimes fails to completely close the fistula, and complications such as fracture and displacement of the esophageal stent may occur...

On March 15, 2022, the volume of trade of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) 50 ETF option contracts and the CSI 300 ETF option contracts exceeded 10 million for the first time, of which 5,707,400 50 ETF options were traded, and SSE 50 ETF options, as the main force, has become one of the most active ETF option varieties in the world after seven years of vigorous development. The SSE 50 ETF options receive highlights in risk-free arbitrage, hedging, risk management and other aspects. In order to give full play to the function of the SSE 50 ETF options, it is necessary to conduct studies on their pricing...

Euglena gracilis, photosynthetic protist, has a unique ability to generate wax esters in the absence of oxygen, employing a distinctive fatty acid synthesis mechanism. Through comprehensive inhibitor assays and gene-silencing techniques, our research clearly emphasized the indispensable role of the mitochondrial anaerobic respiratory chain in this biosynthesis. We identified acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), and rhodoquinone (RQ) as central molecular components in the pathway. These findings strongly indicated a potential reversal of beta-oxidation occurring within mitochondria for fatty acid production in anaerobic conditions...

This research presents an in-depth investigation into the dynamic correlation between geopolitical conflicts and carbon markets utilizing the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) technique. The analysis focuses on the interconnectedness between the Geopolitical Risk Index Daily (GPRD) and vital carbon pricing instruments, specifically the Intercontinental Exchange Endex European Union Allowance (ECEFDC), KraneShares California Carbon Allowance Strat ETF (KCCAK), Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange China Emission Allowances Online Transactions (SAXCEA), and S&P Global Ex-Japan LargeMidCap Carbon Efficient Index (SPGJ)...

The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) may manifest at the beginning/during treatment or years after, compromising patients' quality of life. We intended to study the cardiac pathways one week (short-term, control 1 [CTRL1] and DOX1 groups) or five months (long-term, CTRL2 and DOX2 groups) after DOX administration in adult male CD-1 mice. Control groups were given saline, and DOX groups received a 9.0 mg/Kg cumulative dose. In the short-term, DOX decreased the content of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while the electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) increased compared to CTRL1, suggesting the upregulation of fatty acids oxidation...

Subvisible particles (SVPs) are a critical quality attribute of injectable therapeutic proteins (TPs) that needs to be controlled due to potential risks associated with drug product quality. The current compendial methods routinely used to analyze SVPs for lot release provide information on particle size and count. However, chemical identification of individual particles is also important to address root-cause analysis. Herein, we introduce Morphologically-Directed Raman Spectroscopy (MDRS) for SVP characterization of TPs...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to reveal occupational effects on the hearing of hot air balloon (HAB) pilots and examine the relationship between the duration of experience and these effects. METHOD: This study included 31 male HAB pilots and a control group of 32 male participants. Tympanometry, eustachian tube function (ETF) test, pure-tone audiometry, and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) tests were performed. RESULTS: Pure-tone audiometry results were significantly worse at 125, 500, and 6000 Hz in the right ear and 125, 500, 4000, and 6000 Hz in the left ear in the HAB group than the control group...

Although PSMA PET/CT imaging has great potential for noninvasively detecting prostate cancer (PCa), limitations exist for patients with low PSMA expression, caused by androgen deprivation treatment or neuroendocrine differentiation. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) data found that erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2), a receptor overexpressed in most PCa could be a potential target for PSMA-negative PCa. A fluorescent ligand ETF and a radiolabeled ligand [18 F]AlF-ETN derived from a EphA2-targeting bicyclic peptide were synthesized and investigated...

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. METHODS: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively...

Cryptochromes are proteins that are highly conserved across species and in many instances bind the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor within their photolyase-homology region (PHR) domain. The FAD cofactor has multiple redox states that help catalyze reactions, and absorbs photons at about 450 nm, a feature linked to the light-related functions of cryptochrome proteins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced from redox reactions involving molecular oxygen and are involved in a myriad of biological processes...