keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37008023/recombinant-irisin-prevents-cell-death-and-mineralization-defects-induced-by-random-positioning-machine-exposure-in-primary-cultures-of-human-osteoblasts-a-promising-strategy-for-the-osteoporosis-treatment
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ida Cariati, Roberto Bonanni, Anna Maria Rinaldi, Mario Marini, Riccardo Iundusi, Elena Gasbarra, Virginia Tancredi, Umberto Tarantino
Spaceflight exposure, like prolonged skeletal unloading, is known to result in significant bone loss, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are still partly unknown. This impairment, characterizing both conditions, suggests the possibility of identifying common signalling pathways and developing innovative treatment strategies to counteract the bone loss typical of astronauts and osteoporotic patients. In this context, primary cell cultures of human osteoblasts derived from healthy subjects and osteoporotic patients were exposed to random positioning machine (RPM) to reproduce the absence of gravity and to exacerbate the pathological condition, respectively...
2023: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36918115/long-term-human-spaceflight-and-inflammaging-does-it-promote-aging
#22
REVIEW
Miriam Capri, Maria Conte, Erika Ciurca, Chiara Pirazzini, Paolo Garagnani, Aurelia Santoro, Federica Longo, Stefano Salvioli, Patrick Lau, Ralf Moeller, Jens Jordan, Thomas Illig, Maria-Moreno Villanueva, Markus Gruber, Alexander Bürkle, Claudio Franceschi, Jörn Rittweger
Spaceflight and its associated stressors, such as microgravity, radiation exposure, confinement, circadian derailment and disruptive workloads represent an unprecedented type of exposome that is entirely novel from an evolutionary stand point. Within this perspective, we aimed to review the effects of prolonged spaceflight on immune-neuroendocrine systems, brain and brain-gut axis, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal apparatus, highlighting in particular the similarities with an accelerated aging process...
June 2023: Ageing Research Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36775855/impacts-of-microgravity-on-amino-acid-metabolism-during-spaceflight
#23
REVIEW
Broderick L Dickerson, Ryan Sowinski, Richard B Kreider, Guoyao Wu
Spaceflight exerts an extreme and unique influence on human physiology as astronauts are subjected to long-term or short-term exposure to microgravity. During spaceflight, a multitude of physiological changes, including the loss of skeletal muscle mass, bone resorption, oxidative stress, and impaired blood flow, occur, which can affect astronaut health and the likelihood of mission success. In vivo and in vitro metabolite studies suggest that amino acids are among the most affected nutrients and metabolites by microgravity (a weightless condition due to very weak gravitational forces)...
May 2023: Experimental Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36683542/bone-loss-and-kidney-stone-risk-in-weightlessness
#24
REVIEW
Jay C Buckey, Semran Thamer, Mimi Lan
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Weightlessness increases both bone loss and kidney stone formation risk. The large interior volume of the International Space Station (ISS) has allowed for a mix of exercise devices to help maintain the skeleton. But space exploration is changing. Long stays on the ISS will be replaced by journeys in smaller spacecraft both to and around the Moon. Small private space stations are under development. This will limit the ability to do exercise countermeasures, which can increase both bone loss and kidney stone risk...
March 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36584865/cold-stress-during-room-temperature-housing-alters-skeletal-response-to-simulated-microgravity-hindlimb-unloading-in-growing-female-c57bl6-mice
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen P Wong, Adam J Branscum, Aidan R Fichter, Jennifer Sargent, Urszula T Iwaniec, Russell T Turner
Laboratory mice are typically housed at temperatures below the thermoneutral zone for the species, resulting in cold stress and premature cancellous bone loss. Furthermore, mice are more dependent upon non-shivering thermogenesis to maintain body temperature during spaceflight, suggesting that microgravity-induced bone loss may be due, in part, to altered thermogenesis. Consequently, we assessed whether housing mice at room temperature modifies the skeletal response to simulated microgravity. This possibility was tested using the hindlimb unloading (HLU) model to mechanically unload femora...
December 27, 2022: Biochimie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36542906/global-cannabinoid-receptor-1-deficiency-affects-disuse-induced-bone-loss-in-a-site-specific-and-sex-dependent-manner
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel C DeNapoli, Evan G Buettmann, Michael A Friedman, Aron H Lichtman, Henry J Donahue
Bone loss during mechanical unloading increases fracture risk and is a major concern for the general population and astronauts during spaceflight. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in bone metabolism. One of the main ECS receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), has been studied in regards to basic bone metabolism; however, little is known as to how CB1 and the ECS affect bone in different mechanical environments. In this study, we analyzed the influence of global CB1 deficiency and sex on mice during disuse caused by single limb immobilization...
December 12, 2022: Journal of Biomechanics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36526672/bone-metabolism-during-strict-head-down-tilt-bed-rest-and-exposure-to-elevated-levels-of-ambient-co-2
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily R McGrath, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Jean Sibonga, Martina Heer, Gilles R Clement, Edwin Mulder, Scott M Smith, Sara R Zwart
Astronauts on the International Space Station are exposed to levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) above typical terrestrial levels. We explored the possibility that increased levels of ambient CO2 further stimulate bone resorption during bed rest. We report here data from 2 ground-based spaceflight analog studies in which 12 male and 7 female subjects were placed in a strict 6° head-down tilt (HDT) position for either 30 days at 0.5% ambient CO2 or 60 days with nominal environmental exposure to CO2 ...
December 16, 2022: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36432580/physiological-alterations-in-relation-to-space-flight-the-role-of-nutrition
#28
REVIEW
Stavroula Chaloulakou, Kalliopi Anna Poulia, Dimitrios Karayiannis
Astronauts exhibit several pathophysiological changes due to a variety of stressors related to the space environment, including microgravity, space radiation, isolation, and confinement. Space motion sickness, bone and muscle mass loss, cardiovascular deconditioning and neuro-ocular syndrome are some of the spaceflight-induced effects on human health. Optimal nutrition is of the utmost importance, and-in combination with other measures, such as physical activity and pharmacological treatment-has a key role in mitigating many of the above conditions, including bone and muscle mass loss...
November 19, 2022: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36411278/changes-in-interstitial-fluid-flow-mass-transport-and-the-bone-cell-response-in-microgravity-and-normogravity
#29
REVIEW
Fei Wei, Kendal Flowerdew, Michael Kinzel, Luigi E Perotti, Jackson Asiatico, Mahmoud Omer, Candice Hovell, Veerle Reumers, Melanie J Coathup
In recent years, our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research, with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space. A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield, aiming at near-Earth asteroids, the Moon, and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future, warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme environment...
November 21, 2022: Bone Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36388986/multiscale-modeling-in-the-framework-of-biological-systems-and-its-potential-for-spaceflight-biology-studies
#30
REVIEW
Andrew Millar-Wilson, Órla Ward, Eolann Duffy, Gary Hardiman
A central tenet of systems biology is that biological systems are greater than the sum of their component parts. Spaceflight is associated with hazards including radiation exposure and microgravity which impact different echelons of biological organizations spanning molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal levels. These insults lead to physical damage, including muscle and bone loss, neurological damage, and impaired immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biological alterations occurring during spaceflight have been reported...
November 18, 2022: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36350408/study-on-mass-transfer-in-the-bone-lacunar-canalicular-system-under-different-gravity-fields
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Wang, Lilan Gao, Xuyi Chen, Chunqiu Zhang
INTRODUCTION: The bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) is an important microstructural basis for signaling and material transport in bone tissue, guaranteeing normal physiological processes in tissues. Spaceflight astronauts and elderly osteoporosis are related to its function, so it is necessary to reveal the mass transfer laws in bone microstructure under different gravity fields to provide insight for effective clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the natural LCS structure of bovine tibial cortical bone as the object, the mass transfer experiments on cortical bone were conducted by using sodium fluorescein tracer through different frequency pulsating pressure provided by dynamic perfusion loading device and different high G environments provided by high-speed centrifuge to analyze the mass transfer laws under different gravity fields and different pulsating pressures...
November 9, 2022: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36309790/potential-of-neuromuscular-electrical-stimulation-as-a-bone-loss-countermeasure-in-microgravity
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas J Abitante, Mary L Bouxsein, Kevin R Duda, Dava J Newman
INTRODUCTION: For future long-duration spaceflight missions, additional methods of loading the skeleton may be required to supplement exercise to minimize bone loss. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can elicit muscular contractions that create strain on bone. However, the potential effectiveness of NMES on the proximal femur during disuse is not known. METHODS: We measured the maximum isometric force of NMES-induced contractions of the rectus femoris and the hamstrings of 10 subjects (5 male, 5 female), sitting with the hips and knees at 90 degrees of flexion...
November 1, 2022: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36046782/systemic-effects-of-bmp2-treatment-of-fractures-on-non-injured-skeletal-sites-during-spaceflight
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ariane Zamarioli, Gremah Adam, Kevin A Maupin, Paul J Childress, Alexander Brinker, Joao P B Ximenez, Nabarun Chakraborty, Aarti Gautam, Rasha Hammamieh, Melissa A Kacena
Unloading associated with spaceflight results in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to enhance bone formation, in part, through molecular pathways associated with mechanical loading; however, the effects of BMP2 during spaceflight remain unclear. Here, we investigated the systemic effects of BMP2 on mice sustaining a femoral fracture followed by housing in spaceflight (International Space Station or ISS) or on Earth. We hypothesized that in spaceflight, the systemic effects of BMP2 on weight-bearing bones would be blunted compared to that observed on Earth...
2022: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36017336/implementation-of-exercise-countermeasures-during-spaceflight-and-microgravity-analogue-studies-developing-countermeasure-protocols-for-bedrest-in-older-adults-broa
#34
REVIEW
Eric T Hedge, Courtney A Patterson, Carmelo J Mastrandrea, Vita Sonjak, Guy Hajj-Boutros, Andréa Faust, José A Morais, Richard L Hughson
Significant progress has been made in the development of countermeasures to attenuate the negative consequences of prolonged exposure to microgravity on astronauts' bodies. Deconditioning of several organ systems during flight includes losses to cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle mass, bone density and strength. Similar deconditioning also occurs during prolonged bedrest; any protracted time immobile or inactive, especially for unwell older adults (e.g., confined to hospital beds), can lead to similar detrimental health consequences...
2022: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35955775/microgravity-related-changes-in-bone-density-and-treatment-options-a-systematic-review
#35
REVIEW
Ronni Baran, Markus Wehland, Herbert Schulz, Martina Heer, Manfred Infanger, Daniela Grimm
Space travelers are exposed to microgravity (µ g ), which induces enhanced bone loss compared to the age-related bone loss on Earth. Microgravity promotes an increased bone turnover, and this obstructs space exploration. This bone loss can be slowed down by exercise on treadmills or resistive apparatus. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a current overview of the state of the art of the field of bone loss in space and possible treatment options thereof. A total of 482 unique studies were searched through PubMed and Scopus, and 37 studies met the eligibility criteria...
August 3, 2022: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35940685/biomechanics-of-healthy-subjects-during-exercise-on-a-simulated-vibration-isolation-and-stabilization-system
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abby Blocker, Kaitlin Lostroscio, Stephanie L Carey
With long-term space flights being planned for the Moon and Mars, proper countermeasures must be taken to facilitate human health in microgravity environments. Exercise is a vital countermeasure used to prevent bone and muscle loss, among other health interests. Future exploration missions encourage creating an exercise device that is both compact and can be used to properly execute exercise by the astronauts. Current design considerations include interfacing an exercise device with a vibration isolation and stabilization (VIS) system, which is necessary for protecting the spacecraft and sensitive experiments from harmful vibrations developed during repetitive exercise...
August 2022: Life Sciences in Space Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35859310/first-void-urinary-calcium-for-tracking-bone-loss-and-kidney-stone-risk-in-space
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Semran Thamer, Jay C Buckey
INTRODUCTION: Microgravity exposure unloads the skeleton. This increases urinary calcium excretion, which reflects both increased bone loss and kidney stone formation risk. We studied the probability that first morning void (FMV) urinary calcium (Uca) measurements would capture the highest Uca concentration in a day. METHODS: For 8 wk, three men and three women collected void-by-void 24-h urine samples weekly. Uca concentration was analyzed using a calcein-based system. Uca concentrations were ranked among all samples from each person...
July 1, 2022: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35773442/incomplete-recovery-of-bone-strength-and-trabecular-microarchitecture-at-the-distal-tibia-1-year-after-return-from-long-duration-spaceflight
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leigh Gabel, Anna-Maria Liphardt, Paul A Hulme, Martina Heer, Sara R Zwart, Jean D Sibonga, Scott M Smith, Steven K Boyd
Determining the extent of bone recovery after prolonged spaceflight is important for understanding risks to astronaut long-term skeletal health. We examined bone strength, density, and microarchitecture in seventeen astronauts (14 males; mean 47 years) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; 61 μm). We imaged the tibia and radius before spaceflight, at return to Earth, and after 6- and 12-months recovery and assessed biomarkers of bone turnover and exercise. Twelve months after flight, group median tibia bone strength (F...
June 30, 2022: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35646861/space-flight-promoted-insulin-resistance-as-a-possible-disruptor-of-wound-healing
#39
REVIEW
F Strollo, S Gentile, A M V Pipicelli, A Mambro, M Monici, P Magni
During space flight, especially when prolonged, exposure to microgravity results in a number of pathophysiological changes such as bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular and metabolic changes and impaired wound healing, among others. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance appear to be pivotal events linking many of them. Interestingly, real and experimental microgravity is also associated to altered wound repair, a process that is becoming increasingly important in view of prolonged space flights...
2022: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35634164/spaceflight-associated-vascular-remodeling-and-gene-expression-in-mouse-calvaria
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamila H Siamwala, Brandon R Macias, Robert Healey, Brett Bennett, Alan R Hargens
Astronauts suffer from a loss of bone mass at a rate of 1.5% per month from lower regions of the body during the course of long-duration (>30 days) spaceflight, a phenomenon that poses important risks for returning crew. Conversely, a gain in bone mass may occur in non-load bearing regions of the body as related to microgravity-induced cephalad fluid shift. Representing non-load bearing regions with mouse calvaria and leveraging the STS-131 (15-day) and BION-M1 (30-day) flights, we examined spatial and temporal calvarial vascular remodeling and gene expression related to microgravity exposure compared between spaceflight (SF) and ground control (GC) cohorts...
2022: Frontiers in Physiology
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