keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547340/the-multifaceted-nature-of-hiv-tissue-reservoirs
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riddhima Banga, Matthieu Perreau
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To underline the complexity and the heterogeneity of the HIV reservoir. RECENT FINDINGS: While lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue) harbor specific subsets of specialized CD4+ T cells enriched in HIV-infected cells, non-CD4+ T cell reservoirs such as tissue-resident macrophages and dendritic cells have also been implicated to contribute to viral persistence. Moreover, studies have applied highly sensitive tools to detect transcriptional activity within HIV-infected cells during prolonged ART and revealed a broader spectrum of transcriptional activity for proviruses than previously thought...
March 12, 2024: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547288/oxygen-imaging-of-hypoxic-pockets-in-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felix R M Beinlich, Antonios Asiminas, Verena Untiet, Zuzanna Bojarowska, Virginia Plá, Björn Sigurdsson, Vincenzo Timmel, Lukas Gehrig, Michael H Graber, Hajime Hirase, Maiken Nedergaard
Consciousness is lost within seconds upon cessation of cerebral blood flow. The brain cannot store oxygen, and interruption of oxidative phosphorylation is fatal within minutes. Yet only rudimentary knowledge exists regarding cortical partial oxygen tension ( P o2 ) dynamics under physiological conditions. Here we introduce Green enhanced Nano-lantern (GeNL), a genetically encoded bioluminescent oxygen indicator for P o2 imaging. In awake behaving mice, we uncover the existence of spontaneous, spatially defined "hypoxic pockets" and demonstrate their linkage to the abrogation of local capillary flow...
March 29, 2024: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546380/muramyl-dipeptide-causes-mitochondrial-dysfunction-and-intestinal-inflammatory-cytokine-responses-in-rats
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lu-Jia Zhao, Xiao-Yong Dai, You-Wen Ye, Xiu-Feng Pang, Meng Jiang, Wan-Yi Tan, Ying-Hui Xu, Ji-Feng Su, Bin Shi
INTRODUCTION: Intestinal flora and the translocation of its products, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), are common causes of sepsis. MDP is a common activator of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD2, and MDP translocation can cause inflammatory damage to the small intestine and systemic inflammatory responses in rats. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of MDP on the intestinal mucosa and distant organs during sepsis and the role of the NOD2/AMPK/LC3 pathway in MDP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium...
March 28, 2024: Shock
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546079/evaluation-of-the-cutoff-point-and-diagnostic-value-of-the-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-in-predicting-ovarian-cancer-compared-to-pathological-findings
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maryam Sadat Hosseini, Fatemeh Amiri, Maysam Rezapour, Tahereh Ashraf Ganjoie, Farah Farzaneh, Maliheh Arab, Maryam Talayeh, Rezvaneh Beheshti Rooy, Fatemeh Hadi
PURPOSE: This research aims to establish a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) threshold and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy compared to pathological criteria for diagnosing Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Imam Hossein Hospital involving 204 women aged 18 and older with confirmed ovarian mass based on pathology. We recorded clinical, pathological, and preoperative blood count data, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)...
March 1, 2024: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545822/identification-and-validation-of-extracellular-vesicle-reference-genes-for-the-normalization-of-rt-qpcr-data
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cláudio Pinheiro, Niké Guilbert, Lien Lippens, Quentin Roux, Robin Boiy, Suzanne Fischer, Sofie Van Dorpe, Bram De Craene, Geert Berx, Tom Boterberg, Gwen Sys, Hannelore Denys, Ilkka Miinalainen, Pieter Mestdagh, Jo Vandesompele, Olivier De Wever, An Hendrix
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a plethora of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, with diverse diagnostic and therapeutic application potential. Although reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the most widely applied laboratory technique to evaluate gene expression, its applicability in EV research is challenged by the lack of universal and stably present reference genes (RGs). In this study, we identify, validate and establish SNRPG, OST4, TOMM7 and NOP10 as RGs for the normalization of EV-associated genes by RT-qPCR...
April 2024: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545780/genetic-and-epigenetic-mechanisms-regulating-blood-pressure-and-kidney-dysfunction
#6
REVIEW
Kailash N Pandey
The pioneering work of Dr Lewis K. Dahl established a relationship between kidney, salt, and high blood pressure (BP), which led to the major genetic-based experimental model of hypertension. BP, a heritable quantitative trait affected by numerous biological and environmental stimuli, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is considered to be a primary modifiable factor in renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Genome-wide association studies have identified monogenic and polygenic variants affecting BP in humans...
March 28, 2024: Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545173/effect-of-hyperbaric-oxygen-treatment-on-patients-with-heatstroke-complicated-by-multiple-organ-dysfunction-a-retrospective-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Xiao Ni, Nian-Bo He, Ye-Qun Guo, Yi-Xuan Dou, Xiao-Juan Xie, Zhi-Feng Liu
BACKGROUND: The benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in treating animals with heat stroke (HS) have been established. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the effect of HBO on multiple organ dysfunction following HS in humans. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from patients with HS admitted to our hospital in the past 7 years. Patients were categorized into groups based on whether they received HBO therapy. The study compared various factors, including sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) scores, mortality rates, neurological function scores, serum myocardial enzyme levels, liver, kidney, and coagulation function indicators, blood routine results, electrolyte levels, and modified Barthel index (MBI) score for standard daily living ability before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545129/wenyang-tianjing-jieyu-decoction-improves-depression-rats-of-kidney-yang-deficiency-pattern-by-regulating-t-cell-homeostasis-and-inflammation-level
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tian Zhang, Jiexin Wang, Yi Wang, Linxi He, Shangbin Lv, Yiran Wang, Weihong Li
PURPOSE: Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms of depression. Wenyang-Tianjin-Jie Decoction (WTJD) is an effective antidepressant found in the course of diagnosis and treatment, but the mechanism of therapeutic effect is not clear. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of WTJD in the kidney yang deficiency (KYD) type of depression rats and reveal its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected forty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats for the study...
2024: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545043/arterial-spin-labeling-combined-with-t1-mapping-for-assessment-of-kidney-function-and-histopathology-in-patients-with-long-term-renal-transplant-survival-after-kidney-transplantation
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bin Jiang, Jie Li, Jiayi Wan, Yangyang Tian, Peng Wu, Rui Xu, Yixing Yu, Ximing Wang, Linkun Hu, Mo Zhu
BACKGROUND: The long-term survival of kidney transplants is often influenced by various factors, among which renal allograft rejection is the most notable factor. A noninvasive and reliable imaging biomarker correlating with kidney function and histopathology would facilitate longitudinal long-term follow-up of renal allografts. The aim of the study is to investigate the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) combined with T1 mapping for assessing kidney function in patients with long-term renal transplant survival, and to establish radiological and histopathologic correlations between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and kidney allograft biopsy findings...
March 15, 2024: Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544451/-investigation-of-the-effects-and-mechanisms-of-berberine-on-a-mouse-model-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-based-on-intestinal-flora-analysis
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Xin, L Y Zhang, H R Qiu, Y C Wang, Y H Sui, B G Xue, H L Wang
Objective: To examine the impact of berberine on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mice, and to investigate the effects of berberine on the intestinal flora and the intestinal flora on PCOS. Methods: A mouse model of PCOS was established by administering dehydroepiandrosterone in combination with high fat diet, and the mouse model was given a berberine treatment. The study consisted of a blank control group (C group), a PCOS model group (M group) and a berberine treatment group (T group). During the experiment, the mice were closely monitored through timed body weight measurements and estrous cycle monitoring; intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were done...
March 25, 2024: Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke za Zhi
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543999/ensemble-extreme-learning-machine-method-for-hemoglobin-estimation-based-on-photoplethysmographic-signals
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fulai Peng, Ningling Zhang, Cai Chen, Fengxia Wu, Weidong Wang
Non-invasive detection of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is of great clinical value for health screening and intraoperative blood transfusion. However, the accuracy and stability of non-invasive detection still need to be improved to meet clinical requirement. This paper proposes a non-invasive Hb detection method using ensemble extreme learning machine (EELM) regression based on eight-wavelength PhotoPlethysmoGraphic (PPG) signals. Firstly, a mathematical model for non-invasive Hb detection based on the Beer-Lambert law is established...
March 7, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543746/transcriptomic-responses-to-koi-herpesvirus-in-isolated-blood-leukocytes-from-infected-common-carp
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene Cano, Ellen Blaker, David Hartnell, Audrey Farbos, Karen A Moore, Adele Cobb, Eduarda M Santos, Ronny van Aerle
Koi herpesvirus (KHV, CyHV-3) causes severe economic losses in carp farms. Its eradication is challenging due to the establishment of latency in blood leukocytes and other tissues. To understand the molecular mechanisms leading to KHV infection in leukocytes, common carp were bath-exposed to KHV at 17 °C. After confirming the presence of viral transcripts in blood leukocytes at ten days post infection, RNA-Seq was performed on peripheral blood leukocytes on the Illumina NovaSeq. KHV infection triggered a robust immune response mediated by pattern recognition receptors, mainly toll-like receptors ( tlr2 , tlr5 , tlr7, and tlr13 ), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor -like, galectin proteins, and lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 receptor 1 ...
February 28, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543468/highly-efficient-hemostatic-cross-linked-polyacrylate-polymer-dressings-for-immediate-hemostasis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tong Ye, Zhiyuan Yang, Ruolin Hao, Jinnan Guo, Guifang Dou, Zhiyun Meng, Shuchen Liu, Ruolan Gu, Zhuona Wu, Yunbo Sun, Peng Han, Yiguang Jin, Hui Gan
A traumatic hemorrhage is fatal due to the great loss of blood in a short period of time; however, there are a few biomaterials that can stop the bleeding quickly due to the limited water absorption speed. Here, a highly absorbent polymer (HPA), polyacrylate, was prepared as it has the best structure-effectiveness relationship. Within a very short period of time (2 min), HPA continually absorbed water until it swelled up to its 600 times its weight; more importantly, the porous structure comprised the swollen dressing...
March 21, 2024: Polymers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543282/exploring-variability-in-rifampicin-plasma-exposure-and-development-of-anti-tuberculosis-drug-induced-liver-injury-among-patients-with-pulmonary-tuberculosis-from-the-pharmacogenetic-perspective
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnija Kivrane, Viktorija Ulanova, Solveiga Grinberga, Eduards Sevostjanovs, Anda Viksna, Iveta Ozere, Ineta Bogdanova, Maksims Zolovs, Renate Ranka
Genetic polymorphisms can exert a considerable impact on drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and the development of adverse drug reactions (ADR). However, the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug, and particularly rifampicin (RIF), exposure or anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains uncertain. Here, we evaluated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the RIF pharmacogenes ( AADAC , SLCO1B1 , SLCO1B3 , ABCB1 , and NR1I2 ) and RIF PK parameters, as well as anti-TB treatment-associated DILI...
March 12, 2024: Pharmaceutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543152/niosomal-bupropion-exploring-therapeutic-frontiers-through-behavioral-profiling
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karthick Harini, Suliman Yousef Alomar, Mohammed Vajagathali, Salim Manoharadas, Anbazhagan Thirumalai, Koyeli Girigoswami, Agnishwar Girigoswami
Bupropion (Bup) belongs to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) class and it is the only FDA-approved drug of its class for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), sold under the name of Wellbutrin. Although bupropion is effective in suppressing the symptoms, its regular use and overdose might lead to seizures and liver failure. Thus, we aimed to nanoformulate bupropion onto a niosomal vesicle to improve its efficacy and achieve the same therapeutic effect at lower scheduled doses...
March 12, 2024: Pharmaceuticals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543143/evaluation-of-anti-obesity-and-antidiabetic-activities-of-orostachys-japonicus-in-cell-and-animal-models
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramakanta Lamichhane, Prakash Raj Pandeya, Kyung-Hee Lee, Gopal Lamichhane, Jae-Young Cheon, Hyo Shin Park, Nguyen Quoc Tuan, Hyun-Ju Jung
Orostachys japonicus is a popular traditional medicinal herb used in Asian countries. This study is focused on evaluating its role in lipid and glucose metabolism in cell and animal models to establish the plant as an anti-obesity and antidiabetic herb. A butanol fraction of O. japonicus was used in the study. The lipid production was evaluated by the Oil Red O technique while the expression of adipogenic markers by Western blotting and RT-PCR using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The effect on glucose uptake activity was evaluated in C2C12 myoblast cells...
March 10, 2024: Pharmaceuticals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543087/pk-modeling-of-l-4-boronophenylalanine-and-development-of-bayesian-predictive-platform-for-l-4-boronophenylalanine-pks-for-boron-neutron-capture-therapy
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Woohyoung Kim, Ji Yeong Won, Jungyu Yi, Seung Chan Choi, Sang Min Lee, Kyungran Mun, Hyeong-Seok Lim
L-4-[(10 B)]Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is an amino acid analogue with a boron-10 moiety. It is most widely used as a boron carrier in boron neutron capture therapy. In this study, a Bayesian predictive platform of blood boron concentration based on a BPA pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed. This platform is user-friendly and can predict the individual boron PK and optimal time window for boron neutron capture therapy in a simple way. The present study aimed to establish a PK model of L-4-boronophenylalanine and develop a Bayesian predictive platform for blood boron PKs for user-friendly estimation of boron concentration during neutron irradiation of neutron capture therapy...
February 26, 2024: Pharmaceuticals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542873/the-validation-and-determination-of-empagliflozin-concentration-in-the-presence-of-grapefruit-juice-using-hplc-for-pharmacokinetic-applications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wael Abu Dayyih, Zainab Zakaraya, Mohammad Hailat, Nafe M Al-Tawarah, Sahem Alkharabsheh, Haya Khalid Nadher, Zeyad Hailat, Samia M Alarman, Anas Khaleel, Riad Awad
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder whose primary manifestation usually initiates with elevated blood sugar levels. Several antidiabetic agents are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus, of which empagliflozin is an oral sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor in the kidney. This research aims to develop and validate a simple analytical method for determining empagliflozin levels in biological fluid and to further evaluate grapefruit juice's impact on empagliflozin pharmacokinetics in rats...
March 11, 2024: Molecules: a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542541/gold-nanoparticle-modified-carbon-fiber-microelectrodes-for-the-electrochemical-detection-of-cd-2-via-fast-scan-cyclic-voltammetry
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noel Manring, Miriam Strini, Gene Koifman, Jessica L Smeltz, Pavithra Pathirathna
Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+ , pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrierblood-brain barrier, leading to severe and often irreversible damage to the central nervous system and other vital organs. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive, robust, and rapid in vivo detection method for these hazardous heavy metal ions is of the utmost importance for early detection, thus initiating timely therapeutics...
February 21, 2024: Micromachines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542470/blood-transcriptomics-identifies-multiple-gene-expression-pathways-associated-with-the-clinical-efficacy-of-hymenoptera-venom-immunotherapy
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ajda Demšar Luzar, Peter Korošec, Mitja Košnik, Mihaela Zidarn, Matija Rijavec
Allergen-specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a well-established therapy for Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). However, the precise mechanism underlying its clinical effect remains uncertain. Our study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with VIT efficiency. We prospectively included 19 patients with HVA undergoing VIT (sampled before the beginning of VIT, after reaching the maintenance dose, one year after finishing VIT, and after a sting challenge) and 9 healthy controls. RNA sequencing of whole blood was performed on an Illumina sequencing platform...
March 20, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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